exudates and Otitis-Media-with-Effusion

Topics: Allergens; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Humans; Malaysia; Male; Otitis Media with Effusion; Prevalence; Rhinitis, Allergic; Risk Factors; Skin Tests

There is a dearth of studies on long term hearing status and behavioural patterns among cleft lip and/or palate children after their primary lip and palate closure in Malaysia. This study describes the audiology status and behavioural patterns in a group of school aged children with cleft lip and/or palate.. A cross sectional study was carried out where caretakers of cleft lip and/or palate were asked to complete the translated Malay language version of Strength Difficulties Questionnaire. The hearing status of the children was analyzed based on recent pure tone audiometric and tympanogram results. The patients' age, gender, type of cleft pathology, age of palatal surgery and behavioural patterns were examined for their potential relationship with hearing status.. A total of 74 children (148 ears) aged between 7 and 17 years with cleft lip and/or palate were recruited. The result showed 37 ears (25.0%) had hearing loss with majority suffered from mild conductive hearing loss. There were 16 ears (10.8%) that had persistent middle ear effusion. Hearing improvement occurred when palatal repair was performed at the age of less than 1 year old. (p = 0.015) There was no significant relationship between patients' gender, age, type of cleft and history of myringotomy with their hearing status. In terms of behavioural patterns, 16.3% were abnormal for total behavioural score, 39.2% for peer problem and 17.6% for conduct problem. For prosocial behaviour, 16.3% were rated low and very low. There was fair correlation between age and hyperactivity problems (r = 0.44). Patients' gender, type of cleft pathology, had been teased apart and hearing status was found not related to behavioural problems.. Cleft lip and/or palate patients have a good longterm hearing outcome. Majority had normal hearing and if there is hearing impairment, it is only a mild loss. Early palatal repair surgery before the age of 1 year can significantly reduce the risk of hearing loss. Cleft lip and/or palate patients experienced peer problems. There was no significant correlation between behavioural difficulty and hearing status among school-aged children with cleft lip and palate.

Topics: Adolescent; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity; Audiometry, Pure-Tone; Child; Child Behavior Disorders; Cleft Lip; Cleft Palate; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Hearing Loss, Conductive; Humans; Malaysia; Male; Otitis Media with Effusion

A cross-sectional screening test was done to determine the prevalence of otitis media with effusion amongst, preschool children in two district in Malaysia, namely Kuala Lumpur an urban district and Kuala Selangor a rural district. It involved 1097 preschool children aged between 5 and 6 years old. Presence of otitis media effusion (OME) is based on abnormal otoscopic finding, Type B tympanogram and absence of ipsilateral acoustical reflex. The overall prevalence rate of OME was 13.8%. The prevalence in Kuala Lumpur was 17.9%, while in Kuala Selangor it was 9.48%. Bottle feeding during infancy and high socioeconomic status of the parents was statistically associated with higher incidence of OME. Other factors such as race, premature delivery, passive smoking, allergy, asthma and family size, had no influence on the prevalence of otitis media with effusion.

Topics: Child, Preschool; Cross-Sectional Studies; Developing Countries; Female; Humans; Incidence; Malaysia; Male; Mass Screening; Otitis Media with Effusion; Risk Factors; Rural Population; Urban Population

Two hundred Malaysian patients representing 227 ears with previously untreated cholesteatoma disease were analysed retrospectively in terms of i) type of disease, i.e. primary acquired attic defect or posterior superior retraction pocket and secondary acquired type cholesteatoma; ii) positive history of previous middle ear effusion, atelectasis or grommet insertion; and iii) likelihood of complications as initial presenting feature. The high 47.1% incidence of secondary acquired cholesteatoma disease in our patients contrasts with the predominance of primary acquired cholesteatoma in the Caucasian patient. Correlation of these two disease types with a positive history showed a significant positive association between the primary acquired group and a positive history; and conversely a significant negative association for the secondary acquired type. This supports a role for the retraction theory in primary acquired cholesteatoma but negates this theory in secondary acquired cholesteatoma. Secondary acquired cholesteatoma had a significantly higher (35.5%) complication rate against 15.8% in the primary acquired type (p = 0.001). This fact together with a 47.1% incidence of secondary acquired disease, low otolaryngologist population ratio and patient attitudes to disease account for the high total complication rate of 27.3%.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Child; Cholesteatoma; Ear Diseases; Humans; Malaysia; Otitis Media with Effusion; Prognosis; Pulmonary Atelectasis; Retrospective Studies