exudates and Leukemia

A randomised trial was carried out to determine the effect of supplementation of fish oil among 51 children with leukaemia aged 4 to 12 years on appetite level, caloric intake, body weight and lean body mass. They were randomly allocated into the trial group (TG) and the control group (CG). At baseline, 30.8% of TG subjects and 44.0% of CG subjects were malnourished and 7.7% of subject from TG and 28.0% from CG were classified as stunted. The majority of subjects from TG and CG were in the mild malnutrition category for mid upper arm muscle circumference (MUAMC)-for-age. The TG group showed significant increment in MUAMC (0.13 cm vs -0.09 cm) compared with CG at 8 weeks (p<0.001). There was a significant higher increase for appetite level (0.12±0.33) (p<0.05) and an increasing trend on energy and protein intake in the TG group (213±554 kcal; 3.64 ±26.8 g) than in the CG group. In conclusion, supplementation of fish oil has a positive effect on appetite level, caloric intake and MUAMC among children with leukaemia.

Topics: Academic Medical Centers; Appetite Regulation; Arm; Body Size; Body Weight; Child; Child Development; Child, Preschool; Dietary Proteins; Dietary Supplements; Energy Intake; Female; Fish Oils; Growth Disorders; Humans; Leukemia; Malaysia; Male; Malnutrition; Patient Dropouts

Most evidence about the management of cancer and hematological malignancy in pregnancy are derived from retrospective observational studies with a small sample size. Availability of sufficiently large data has enabled evidence-based decision-making in this clinical dilemma.. Retrospective study looking into patients diagnosed with acute leukemia or lymphoma in pregnancy from 1. Treatment with chemotherapy in 2

Topics: Acute Disease; Female; Humans; Leukemia; Lymphoma; Malaysia; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Outcome; Prenatal Care; Retrospective Studies

Topics: Artificial Intelligence; Biomedical Research; Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted; Genetic Testing; Hematologic Diseases; History, 20th Century; History, 21st Century; Humans; Leukemia; Malaysia; Pathology, Molecular

Leukaemia stem cells (LSC) have been associated with disease relapse and chemotherapy resistance. Betulonic acid (BA), a pentacyclic lupane-type triterpenoid, was reported to exhibit cytotoxicity toward various cancer cells and to be capable of inducing intrinsic apoptosis in solid tumours. However, the in vitro and in vivo apoptotic effects of BA against LSC remain unknown.. We aimed to determine whether BA isolated from bark of Walsura pinnata Hassk (Meliaceae) has pro-apoptotic effects on LSC in in vitro and in vivo models.. The population of high purity LSC was isolated from the Kasumi-1 cell line using magnetic sorting and characterised by flow cytometry. Cell viability was assessed using the MTS assay to examine dose- and time-dependent effects. The colony formation assay was performed in MethoCult® H4435 enriched media. Apoptosis was analysed using Annexin-V and propidium iodide staining, mitochondrial transmembrane potential was studied using JC-1 staining, and expression of apoptosis related genes (BAX, Bcl-2 and survivin) was evaluated by real time-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Caspase 3/7 and 9 activities were monitored through Promega Caspase-Glo® over a period of 24h. The in vivo antileukaemia activity was evaluated using LSC xenotransplanted zebrafish, observed for DNA fragmentation from apoptosis by TUNEL assay.. BA maintained its potency against the LSC population in comparison to parental Kasumi-1 cells (fold differences ≤ 1.94) over various treatment time points and significantly inhibited the formation of colonies by LSC. Apoptosis was triggered by BA through the upregulation of BAX and suppression of Bcl-2 and survivin genes with the loss of mitochondrial transmembrane potential, leading to the activation of caspase 9 followed by downstream caspase 3/7. BA was able to suppressed leukaemia formation and induced apoptosis in LSC xenotransplanted zebrafish.. The results demonstrate that BA inhibited the proliferative and colonogenic properties of LSC. BA induced apoptosis in LSC through the mitochondria pathway and was effective in the in vivo zebrafish model. Therefore, BA could be a lead compound for further development into a chemotherapy agent against LSC.

Topics: Animals; Apoptosis; Cell Survival; Humans; Leukemia; Malaysia; Meliaceae; Oleanolic Acid; Plant Bark; Stem Cells; Zebrafish

Topics: Anemia, Aplastic; Bone Marrow Transplantation; China; Cooperative Behavior; Family; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation; Hemoglobinopathies; Hong Kong; Humans; Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes; Leukemia; Lymphoma; Malaysia; Myelodysplastic Syndromes; Peripheral Blood Stem Cell Transplantation; Philippines; Singapore; Thailand; Tissue Donors; Transplantation, Autologous; Transplantation, Homologous

(R)-(+)-Goniothalamin (GTN), a styryl-lactone isolated from the medicinal plant Goniothalamus macrophyllus, exhibits pharmacological activities including cytotoxic and anti-inflammatory effects. In this study, GTN modulated TNF-α induced NF-κB activation. GTN concentrations up to 20 μM showed low cytotoxic effects in K562 chronic myelogenous leukemia and in Jurkat T cells. Importantly, at these concentrations, no cytotoxicity was observed in healthy peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Our results confirmed that GTN inhibited tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)-induced NF-κB activation in Jurkat and K562 leukemia cells at concentrations as low as 5 μM as shown by reporter gene assays and western blots. Moreover, GTN down-regulated translocation of the p50/p65 heterodimer to the nucleus, prevented binding of NF-κB to its DNA response element and reduced TNF-α-activated interleukin-8 (IL-8) expression. In conclusion, GTN inhibits TNF-α-induced NF-κB activation at non-apoptogenic concentrations in different leukemia cell models without presenting toxicity towards healthy blood cells underlining the anti-leukemic potential of this natural compound.

Topics: Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; Cell Nucleus; Cells, Cultured; Drug Discovery; Genes, Reporter; Goniothalamus; Humans; Interleukin-8; Jurkat Cells; K562 Cells; Leukemia; Leukocytes, Mononuclear; Malaysia; Neoplasm Proteins; NF-kappa B; Plant Roots; Protein Transport; Pyrones; Recombinant Proteins; Response Elements; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha

Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQOL) in pediatric leukemia patients in Malaysia has not been studied before. This was mainly due to a lack of databases on patients in the past. Many patients abandoned treatment or were lost to follow up. With more children now fully compliant and completing treatment nowadays, with higher cure rate, HRQOL has become important for our patients. The purpose of the current study was to determine the HRQOL scores in children with acute leukemia and to compare the scores for those on maintenance chemotherapy with those off-treatment as well as to determine factors which might affect HRQOL.. Seventy-seven children in a pediatric oncology center in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia diagnosed with acute leukemia were consecutively enrolled, of whom 22 were on maintenance chemotherapy and 55 off-treatment. The Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL™) Scales were used to assess HRQOL.. Children on maintenance chemotherapy had significantly lower child self-report HRQOL scores across all domains (P < 0.001) especially psychosocial health compared with those who were off-treatment. Also, parents with children on maintenance chemotherapy reported significantly lower HRQOL scores across all domains (P < 0.05) except social functioning compared with parents with children off-treatment. Younger child age was associated with lower parent proxy-report total score (P = 0.007). Pediatric acute leukemia patients on maintenance chemotherapy experienced significantly poorer HRQOL compared to those off-treatment.

Topics: Acute Disease; Adolescent; Age Factors; Child; Child, Preschool; Databases, Factual; Female; Humans; Leukemia; Malaysia; Male; Quality of Life

The plant Typhonium flagelliforme (TF), commonly known as 'rodent tuber' in Malaysia, is often used as traditional remedy for cancer, including leukemia.. We had previously identified morphologically that the linoleic acid rich fraction (DCM/F7) from the tubers of this plant induces selective anti-proliferative effects and apoptosis in CEMss cells. In this present study, we subjected the same DCM/F7 fraction to cell based activity analyses in order to determine the possible mechanism of cell death in leukemic CEMss cells in vitro.. Extraction of Typhonium flagelliforme tuber has done and fractionation has been done by vacuum liquid column chromatography. The anti-proliferative activity was assayed using MTT and the apoptosis detection was done by Annexin V and DNA laddering assay. Colorimetric caspase assay and immunoblot analysis were employed to detect the expression of protein associated with cell death. Cell cycle analysis was done using flow cytometry.. We found that the cancer inhibitory effect of the DCM/F7 fraction in CEMss cells was 3 ± 0.08 μg/ml (IC(50)). An early apoptotic induction in CEMss cells was observed by Annexin V assay, which showed a clear dose-dependent DNA fragmentation being observed in gel electrophoresis at 10 and 20 μg/ml. The DCM/F7 fraction at 3 μg/ml significantly arrested CEMss cells at G0/G1 phase (p<0.05). A constant but increasing pattern-related Sub-G0/G1 index was observed between 12 and 72 h treatment. In relation to this, we further investigated the biochemical events leading to cell death and found that the DCM/F7 fraction increased the cellular levels of caspase-3 and -9 on treated cells. Our results indicated that cytochrome c from mitochondria into the cytosol increased gradually as the DCM/F7 concentration increases, which later lead to the subsequent cleavage of PARP in to 85kDa fragments. On the contrary, Bcl-2 protein was found to decrease concomitantly during treatment.. Collectively, results presented in this study demonstrated that the DCM/F7 fraction inhibited the proliferation of leukemia cells, leading to the programmed cell death, which was confirmed to be through the mitochondrial pathway.

Topics: Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; Apoptosis; Araceae; Caspase 9; Cell Cycle; Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Proliferation; Cytochromes c; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Electrophoresis, Agar Gel; Flow Cytometry; Humans; Inhibitory Concentration 50; Leukemia; Malaysia; Medicine, Traditional; Mitochondria; Plant Extracts; Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases

Acute leukemia is more common in males at almost every age, and this fact remains unexplained. A study was carried out in northeast peninsular Malaysia, where the population is predominantly Malay, to examine whether there was a difference in ABO blood group distribution between males and females with acute leukemia (AL). The ABO blood groups of 109 male and 79 female patients with AL (98 ALL, 90 AML) were compared with those of 1019 controls. In the control population, 39.7% were group O. Among males with AL, 39.4% were group O, whereas among females with AL, the proportion was 24.1% (p=0.03). The same trend to a lower proportion of group O among females was seen if the group was divided into adult/pediatric or lymphoblastic/myeloblastic groups, though these differences were not statistically significant. If these findings can be confirmed, they suggest the presence of a "sex-responsive" gene near to the ABO gene locus on chromosome 9, which relatively protects group O women against AL, at least in our population. The existence of such a gene might also partly explain why acute leukemia, and possibly other childhood cancers, are more common in males.

Topics: ABO Blood-Group System; Adolescent; Adult; Blood Donors; Child; Child, Preschool; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Humans; Infant; Leukemia; Malaysia; Male; Risk Factors; Sex Determination Processes; Sex Ratio

Topics: Adult; Child; Female; Genes, ras; Humans; Leukemia; Malaysia; Male; Mutation

Topics: Abnormalities, Radiation-Induced; Abortion, Spontaneous; Child; Female; Humans; Leukemia; Malaysia; Pregnancy; Radioactive Waste

Topics: Acute Disease; Adolescent; Adult; Antigens, Neoplasm; Antigens, Surface; Humans; Leukemia; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Malaysia

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Age Factors; Antigens, Surface; Child; Child, Preschool; Ethnicity; Female; Hodgkin Disease; Humans; Infant; Leukemia; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Lymphoma; Malaysia; Male; Middle Aged; Sex Factors; T-Lymphocytes

Topics: Adolescent; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Leukemia; Malaysia; Male

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Breast Neoplasms; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Hospitals, University; Humans; Infant; Leukemia; Liver Neoplasms; Lung Neoplasms; Malaysia; Male; Middle Aged; Neoplasms; Stomach Neoplasms; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms

Topics: Adult; Aged; Asian People; Female; Humans; Leukemia; Malaysia; Male; Middle Aged; Neoplasms; Skin Neoplasms; Time Factors; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms

Topics: Anemia; Anemia, Hemolytic; Anemia, Hypochromic; Anemia, Macrocytic; Ethnology; Female; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Iron; Leukemia; Malaysia; Postpartum Period