exudates and Hematologic-Diseases

Nipah virus, a novel paramyxovirus, closely related to Hendra virus emerged in northern part of Peninsular Malaysia in 1998. The virus caused an outbreak of severe febrile encephalitis in humans with a high mortality rate, whereas, in pigs, encephalitis and respiratory diseases but with a relatively low mortality rate. The outbreak subsequently spread to various regions of the country and Singapore in the south due to the movement of infected pigs. Nipah virus caused systemic infections in humans, pigs and other mammals. Histopathological and radiological findings were characteristic of the disease. Fruitbats of Pteropid species were identified as the natural reservoir hosts. Evidence suggested that climatic and anthropogenic driven ecological changes coupled with the location of piggeries in orchard and the design of pigsties allowed the spill-over of this novel paramyxovirus from its reservoir host into the domestic pigs and ultimately to humans and other animals.

Topics: Agriculture; Animal Husbandry; Animals; Brain Damage, Chronic; Chiroptera; Disease Outbreaks; Disease Reservoirs; Ecology; Encephalitis, Viral; Hematologic Diseases; Housing, Animal; Humans; Malaysia; Paramyxoviridae Infections; Paramyxovirinae; Population Surveillance; Radiography; Recurrence; Respiratory Tract Infections; Singapore; Swine; Swine Diseases

Topics: Artificial Intelligence; Biomedical Research; Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted; Genetic Testing; Hematologic Diseases; History, 20th Century; History, 21st Century; Humans; Leukemia; Malaysia; Pathology, Molecular

Haematological cellular structures may be elucidated using automated full blood count (FBC) analysers such as Unicel DxH 800 via cell population data (CPD) analysis. The CPD values are generated by calculating volume, conductivity, and five types of scatter angles of individual cells which would form clusters or populations. This study considered 126 CPD parameter values of 1077 healthy Malaysian adults to develop reference intervals for each CPD parameter. The utility of the CPD reference interval established may range from understanding the normal haematological cellular structures to analysis of distinct cellular features related to the development of haematological disorders and malignancies.

Topics: Adult; Blood Cell Count; Ethnicity; Female; Hematologic Diseases; Humans; Malaysia; Male; Morbidity; Reference Values

Haemolytic disease of the foetus and newborn (HDFN) is caused by maternal red blood cells (RBC) alloimmunisation resulted from incompatibility of maternal and foetal RBCs. However, only a few HDFN attributed to anti-M were reported, varying from asymptomatic to severe anaemia with hydrops foetalis and even intrauterine death. A case of severe HDFN due to anti-M alloantibody from an alloimmunized grandmultiparous Malay woman with recurrent pregnancy loss is reported here. The newborn was delivered with severe and prolonged anaemia which required frequent RBC transfusions, intensive phototherapy and intravenous immunoglobulin administration. Although anti-M is rarely known to cause severe HDFN, a careful serological work-up and close assessment of foetal well-being is important, similar to the management of RhD HDFN. Alloimmunisation with anti-M type can lead to severe HDFN and even foetal loss.

Topics: Adult; Erythroblastosis, Fetal; Female; Fetal Development; Fetus; Hematologic Diseases; Hemolysis; Humans; Hydrops Fetalis; Isoantibodies; Malaysia; Pregnancy