exudates and Fractures--Bone

Osteoporosis is a major global health problem. Osteoporosis is characterized by the loss of bone mass and strength which leads to an increased risk of fracture. Glucocorticoid treatment is the leading cause of secondary osteoporosis. Glucocorticoid action in bone depends upon the expression of 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 enzyme (11β-HSD1). The oestrogen deficient state causes osteoporosis due to enhancement of osteoclastogenesis by oxidative stress which leads to increased bone resorption. Piper sarmentosum (Daun Kaduk) is commonly used in the local cuisine of South East Asia. It is also traditionally used to treat many diseases such as inflammation, dermatitis and joint pain. Studies have revealed antioxidant properties through its flavonoids compound naringenin which acts as a superoxide scavenger that may help in the endogenous antioxidant defence system to protect bone against osteoporosis. Recent studies found that Ps extract has the ability to inhibit the expression and activity of 11β-HSD1 in adipose tissue and bone which restored bone structure and strength. It also accelerates fracture healing in the oestrogen deficient state through its antioxidant properties. The cost of conventional treatment is high and together with the adverse effects it leads to noncompliance. Treatment modalities with herbal medicine, less side effects and is cheaper need to be explored.This review focused on the therapeutic effect of Ps extract on fracture healing in ovariectomized rats and its protective effects against glucocorticoid induced osteoporotic rats.

Topics: Animals; Bone Resorption; Flavanones; Fracture Healing; Fractures, Bone; Glucocorticoids; Humans; Malaysia; Medicine, East Asian Traditional; Osteoporosis; Piper; Plant Extracts; Receptors, Estrogen

With improvements in living standards and healthcare, life expectancy has been increasing dramatically in most parts of the world. These situations lead to the increase in the reported cases of geriatrics-related diseases such as hypogonadal osteoporosis with skeletal fracture being the ultimate outcome, which eventually causes significant morbidity and mortality. The deficient gonadal hormones, which are the main cause of hypogonadal osteoporosis, could be substituted with hormone replacement therapy to hinder bone loss. However, the artificial hormonal therapy has been linked to grievous conditions such as breast and prostate cancers. In view of the various adverse effects associated with conventional treatment, many researchers are now focusing on finding alternative remedies from nature. This article explores the possibilities of certain medicinal plants native to Malaysia that possess androgenic and antioxidant properties to potentially be used in the treatment of fracture due to osteoporosis in ageing people.

Topics: Animals; Antioxidants; Fracture Healing; Fractures, Bone; Hormone Replacement Therapy; Humans; Malaysia; Medicine, East Asian Traditional; Osteoporosis; Oxidative Stress; Plant Preparations; Plants, Medicinal

In Malaysia, studies on self-reported bone fractures are scarce. Due to the fact that bone fractures may serve as an indicator of osteoporosis in the community, this study aimed to identify the factors associated with their occurrence among adults in Malaysia.. Epidemiological data for selfreported bone fractures were obtained through direct interviews using a validated questionnaire from the Prospective Urban and Rural Epidemiology (PURE) study.. Of 15,378 respondents, 6.63% (n=1019) reported bone fractures, with a higher proportion of men (65.8%, n=671) than women (34.2%, n=348). Higher odds of selfreporting bone fractures were seen in males (aOR, 2.12; 95%CI: 1.69, 2.65), those with a history of injury (aOR 5.01; 95%CI: 3.10, 6.32) and those who were obese (aOR: 1.46; 95% CI: 1.13, 1.89), highly active (aOR 1.25; 95%CI: 1.02, 1.53), smokers (aOR 1.35; 95%CI: 1.11, 1.65) and alcohol consumers (aOR 1.67; 95%CI: 1.20,2.32).. Adopting a healthier lifestyle that includes a balanced diet and moderate physical activity is critical for weight loss, increased muscle and bone mass and better stability, which reduces the likelihood of fractures following a fall.

Topics: Adult; Cohort Studies; Female; Fractures, Bone; Humans; Malaysia; Male; Prospective Studies; Risk Factors; Self Report

Osteoporosis is a skeletal disorder commonly found among the elderly, in which the bones become weak, brittle, and more susceptible to fracture. Adequate knowledge and positive attitude towards the disease and osteoprotective activities may prevent osteoporosis, but comprehensive studies to verify this hypothesis are limited in Malaysia. This study aims to bridge the research gap by determining the levels of knowledge, beliefs, and practices regarding osteoporosis and their associations with bone mineral density (BMD) among men and women ≥ 40 years in Klang Valley, Malaysia. In this cross-sectional study, 786 Malaysians (382 men, 404 women) completed a questionnaire on knowledge, beliefs, and osteoprotective practices, and underwent BMD scan using a dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry device. The current study found moderate levels of knowledge and beliefs regarding osteoporosis but poor osteoprotective practices. Osteoporosis knowledge, beliefs, and practices were significantly different based on subjects' demographic characteristics (

Topics: Absorptiometry, Photon; Adult; Bone Density; Calcium, Dietary; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Fractures, Bone; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; Humans; Malaysia; Male; Middle Aged; Osteoporosis; Surveys and Questionnaires

To examine the medical status of children with biliary atresia (BA) surviving with native livers.. In this cross-sectional review, data collected included complications of chronic liver disease (CLD) (cholangitis in the preceding 12 mo, portal hypertension, variceal bleeding, fractures, hepatopulmonary syndrome, portopulmonary hypertension) and laboratory indices (white cell and platelet counts, total bilirubin, albumin, international normalized ratio, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, γ-glutamyl transpeptidase). Ideal medical outcome was defined as absence of clinical evidence of CLD or abnormal laboratory indices.. Fifty-two children [females = 32, 62%; median age 7.4 years,. Clinical or laboratory evidence of CLD are present in 98% of children with BA living with native livers after hepatoportoenterostomy. Portal hypertension and variceal bleeding may be seen in children younger than 5 years of age, underscoring the importance of medical surveillance for complications of BA starting at a young age.

Topics: Adolescent; Biliary Atresia; Child; Child, Preschool; Cholangitis; Chronic Disease; Cross-Sectional Studies; Esophageal and Gastric Varices; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Fractures, Bone; Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage; Hepatopulmonary Syndrome; Humans; Hypertension, Portal; Liver; Liver Function Tests; Malaysia; Male; Portoenterostomy, Hepatic

Osteoporosis and osteopenia are well-recognized complications of inflammatory bowel disease. Previous studies have suggested that vitamin D deficiency is an important risk factor for the development of osteoporosis. We hypothesized that low vitamin D levels is the main reason for reduced bone mineral density in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. We aimed to study its potential role in Malaysia, which is a tropical country with 3 large ethnic groups. We also sought to examine the relationship between fracture risk and bone mineral density in this group.. Relevant history as well as 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (vitamin D) levels and bone mineral density were obtained. Normal, inadequate, and low vitamin D levels were defined as 61-160 nmol/L (24-64 ng/mL), 30-60 nmol/L (12-24 ng/mL), and less than 30 nmol/L (<12 ng/mL), respectively.. Seventy-two patients were recruited. The prevalence of osteopenia and osteoporosis, respectively, were 58% and 17% in the spine and 51% and 14% in the hip. Mean vitamin D level in the group was low at 45.12 ± 17.4 nmol/L (18.05 ± 6.96 ng/mL), but there was no significant association between bone mineral density and vitamin D level. Twelve patients (16.7%) had a fragility fracture after the diagnosis of inflammatory bowel disease. The cumulative fracture incidence was 10% at 5 years and 35% at 10 years. There was a statistically significant association between osteoporosis of hip and a history of fracture (odds ratio 5.889; 95% confidence interval 1.41-24.53, P = .009).. Osteoporosis is prevalent among Malaysian patients with inflammatory bowel disease and is associated with a 6-fold increased risk of fractures. Most inflammatory bowel disease patients had inadequate or low vitamin D levels, but there was no association between vitamin D levels and BMD.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Bone Density; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Fractures, Bone; Humans; Incidence; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Malaysia; Male; Middle Aged; Osteoporosis; Prospective Studies; Risk; Vitamin D

The human skeleton is the most common organ to be affected by metastatic cancer and bone metastases are a major cause of cancer morbidity. The five most frequent cancers in Malaysia among males includes prostate whereas breast cancer is among those in females, both being associated with skeletal lesions. Bone metastases weaken bone structure, causing a range of symptoms and complications thus developing skeletal-related events (SRE). Patients with SRE may require palliative radiotherapy or surgery to bone for pain, having hypercalcaemia, pathologic fractures, and spinal cord compression. These complications contribute to a decline in patient health- related quality of life. The multidimensional assessment of health-related quality of life for those patients is important other than considering a beneficial treatment impact on patient survival, since the side effects of treatment and disease symptoms can significantly impact health-related quality of life. Cancer treatment could contribute to significant financial implications for the healthcare system. Therefore, it is essential to assess the health-related quality of life and treatment cost, among prostate and breast cancer patients in countries like Malaysia to rationalized cost-effective way for budget allocation or utilization of health care resources, hence helping in providing more personalized treatment for cancer patients.

Topics: Bone and Bones; Bone Neoplasms; Breast Neoplasms; Female; Fractures, Bone; Health Care Costs; Humans; Hypercalcemia; Malaysia; Male; Pain; Prostatic Neoplasms; Quality of Life; Spinal Cord Compression

We hereby present a case of planned complex suicide. In this case study, we report a teen-aged girl who committed suicide by strangulating herself, and subsequently fell from the 13th floor of a housing apartment. The planned complex suicide was substantiated by the presence of a suicide note and a photograph captured in a mobile handset. To the best of our knowledge, it is the first case involving self-strangulation and fall from height, in which the photograph was stored in the handset. This is to further emphasize that objects like mobile handsets can be important in determining the cause and manner of death. The available evidence at the site of incident should be explored meticulously in order to arrive at a proper conclusion.

Topics: Adolescent; Asphyxia; Cell Phone; Contusions; Correspondence as Topic; Female; Forensic Pathology; Fractures, Bone; Hematoma; Hemothorax; Humans; Malaysia; Multiple Trauma; Photography; Subarachnoid Hemorrhage, Traumatic; Suicide

The pattern of fracture, including the anatomical location and age distribution, may differ among urban and rural populations due to various factors such as the inhabitants' occupation and living environment.. This was a retrospective multicentre study involving two urban and three rural hospitals in Malaysia. The demographic data and anatomical location of fracture of patients admitted in 2007 were collected for analysis.. A total of 7,973 patients were admitted for fractures between January and December 2007. The femur was the commonest fracture site that required admission in the urban population (21.9 percent), followed by the tibia-fibula (18.7 percent), while the radius-ulna was the commonest site among the rural population (22.0 percent), followed by the tibia-fibula (19.4 percent). The rates of head and pelvic fractures were comparatively higher in the urban population, while hand fractures were more common in the rural population. The higher rate of femur fracture in the urban group, especially among the elderly, may be due to the higher incidence of osteoporosis or a higher proportion of older people in the population.. The anatomical locations of common fractures differed between the urban and rural populations. A higher rate of upper limb fractures was observed in the rural areas, while femur fractures in the elderly was the main cause of fracture admission in the urban areas. The relatively high rate of hand fractures in the rural areas, especially among children and young adults, may require further investigation.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Developing Countries; Female; Femoral Fractures; Fractures, Bone; Hospitals, Rural; Humans; Malaysia; Male; Middle Aged; Radius Fractures; Retrospective Studies; Rural Population; Tibial Fractures; Ulna Fractures; Urban Population

Topics: Fractures, Bone; Humans; Malaysia; Medicine, Traditional; Patient Discharge

A survey of 61 canine and 26 feline fractures diagnosed between January 1980 and June 1983 at a veterinary teaching hospital was conducted. More than 80 per cent of the fractures occurred in animals less than two years old. Male animals were more frequently involved. In the dog, the femur, tibia, pelvis, radius and ulna were most often affected while in the cat, the femur, mandible, pelvis and spine were more often involved. All the findings were consistent with other reports in the literature.

Topics: Age Factors; Animals; Cat Diseases; Cats; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Female; Fractures, Bone; Malaysia; Male; Sex Factors

This study has analyzed 260 patients with multiple injuries sustained in road accidents admitted to the University Hospital during the period July 1967 to July 1976, in relation to age, sex, and ethnic distribution. The types of injuries sustained have been discussed to highlight their effects on the community in a developing country. The extremities have been most frequently involved, while head injuries followed closely. The causative factors of multiple injury-producing accidents have been evaluated. The categories of victims most liable to multiple injuries have been discussed. The significance of understanding the mechanism of these accidents and the effect of such knowledge in minimizing diagnostic errors, thus enabling management and the urgent need for regional accident services in developing countries, have been stressed.

Topics: Accidents, Traffic; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Child; Craniocerebral Trauma; Female; Fractures, Bone; Hospitals, Teaching; Hospitals, University; Humans; Malaysia; Male; Middle Aged; Triage; Wounds and Injuries

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Cervical Vertebrae; Child; Female; Fractures, Bone; Humans; Lumbar Vertebrae; Malaysia; Male; Middle Aged; Spinal Injuries

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Fractures, Bone; Hand Injuries; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Leg Injuries; Malaysia; Male; Middle Aged

Topics: Accidents, Traffic; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Fractures, Bone; Hospitalization; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Malaysia; Male; Middle Aged

Topics: Arm Injuries; Child; Child, Preschool; Clavicle; Female; Femoral Fractures; Femur Head; Fibula; Fracture Fixation; Fractures, Bone; Humans; Humeral Fractures; Leg Injuries; Malaysia; Male; Radius Fractures; Tibial Fractures