exudates and Deficiency-Diseases

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Afghanistan; Aged; Animals; Asia, Southeastern; Child; Child, Preschool; Congenital Hypothyroidism; Deficiency Diseases; Diet; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; Female; Goats; Goiter, Endemic; Humans; India; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Iodine; Malaysia; Male; Middle Aged; Myanmar; Pregnancy; Seasons; Sex Factors; Sri Lanka; Thailand; Thyroid Gland

Nutrition and HIV are closely related. Any immune impairment as a result of HIV leads to malnutrition, which in turn, can also lead to reduced immunity, thus contributing to a more rapid progression to AIDS.. This cross-sectional study determined the nutritional status of children living with HIV and are receiving antiretroviral medication in the Klang Valley. A total of 95 children aged one to eighteen years old were recruited between September 2008 and February 2009. Data collected included socio-economic status, anthropometric measurements, dietary intake, medical history and serum levels of selected micronutrients specific for immunity.. The mean age of the children was 8.4 +/- 3.9 years and the mean duration on antiretroviral medications was 68.3 +/- 38.3 months. Anthropometric assessment found that 9.5% of the children were underweight and 31.6% were overweight. In contrast, 20.8% were stunted and 14.6% severely stunted. Biochemical indicators showed that 10.4% had deficiency in vitamin A while 12.5% had deficiency in selenium. Total cholesterol and HDL-C levels were found to be low in 30.5% and 10.5% of the children respectively.. Dietary assessment showed almost all the children did not achieve the recommended energy intake for their age groups and almost half of the children did not achieve the RNI for selenium and vitamin A. This study provides an insight on the nutritional status of children living with HIV.

Topics: Adolescent; Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; Body Composition; Child; Child, Preschool; Cross-Sectional Studies; Deficiency Diseases; Female; HIV Infections; Humans; Infant; Malaysia; Male; Nutritional Status; Selenium; Social Class; Vitamin A Deficiency

Kuala Lumpur is the capital city of Malaysia with an estimated population of 1.55 million. Approximately 12% of the population live in squatter settlements occupying about 7% of the city total area. The squatter settlements generally are provided with basic amenities such as piped water, toilet facilities and electricity. Health indicators for the overall population of Kuala Lumpur are better off than for the rest of the country; however, intra-city differentials prevail along ethnic and socio-economic lines. Malays and Indians have higher rates for stillbirths, and neonatal, infant and toddler mortality than the Chinese. The wide disparity in the socio-economic status between the advantaged and the poor groups in the city is reflected in the dietary practices and nutritional status of young children from these communities. The percentage of preschool children from urban poor households with inadequate intakes of calories and nutrients is two to three times higher than those from the advantaged group. Compared to rural infants, a lower percentage of urban infants are breastfed. A lower percentage of Malays from the urban advantaged group breastfed, compared with the urban poor group. The reversed trend is found for the Chinese community. Growth attainment of young children from the urban poor is worse than the urban advantaged, though better than the rural poor. Health and nutritional practices implications related to both undernutrition and overnutrition are discussed, to illustrate the twin challenges of malnutrition in the city.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Breast Feeding; Child; Child, Preschool; Cross-Sectional Studies; Deficiency Diseases; Developing Countries; Female; Humans; Hypercholesterolemia; Ill-Housed Persons; Incidence; Infant, Newborn; Malaysia; Male; Maternal-Child Health Centers; Nutrition Disorders; Nutritional Requirements; Nutritional Sciences; Obesity; Population Growth; Poverty; Pregnancy; Protein-Energy Malnutrition; Socioeconomic Factors; Transients and Migrants; Urban Population

The effect of oral contraceptives (OC) on folate and vitamin B12 levels was studied in a group of 180 women of the 3 ethnic groups in Malaysia attending family planning clinics. These findings confirm previous reports of a drop in serum B12 levels, from a mean of 596.8 pg/ml in the control group to 393.3 pg/ml in women who had been OC users for more than 3 years. The incidence of vitamin B12 deficiency, however, was only 8.0% in the longterm OC users. A significant drop in serum folate levels was seen only in women who had been OC users for more than 3 years; the incidence of folate deficiency, however, increased with the duration of OC therapy. These data justify the need to supplement OC users with folates. Vitamin B12 supplementation does not appear to be indicated. Previous studies have suggested that it is the metabolism, and not the absorption, of folate and vitamin B12 which is affected by OC use.

Topics: Asia; Asia, Southeastern; Biology; Blood; Contraception; Contraceptives, Oral; Deficiency Diseases; Demography; Developing Countries; Disease; Family Planning Services; Folic Acid; Longitudinal Studies; Malaysia; Metabolism; Nutrition Disorders; Physiology; Population; Population Dynamics; Research; Time Factors; Vitamin B Complex; Vitamins

Topics: Adult; Africa; Asia; Australia; Body Height; Body Weight; Deficiency Diseases; Diet Therapy; Eclampsia; Edema; Epidemiologic Methods; Europe; Female; Humans; Hypertension; Israel; Jamaica; Kidney Diseases; Malaysia; Maternal Age; Maternal Mortality; New Zealand; Pre-Eclampsia; Pregnancy; Proteinuria; Racial Groups; Social Class; Socioeconomic Factors; South America; Trinidad and Tobago; United States; USSR; Warfare

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Ancylostomatoidea; Child; Child, Preschool; Cholera; Colombia; Congresses as Topic; Costa Rica; Deficiency Diseases; Female; Humans; India; Infant; Infections; Malaysia; Male; Middle Aged; National Institutes of Health (U.S.); Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Pakistan; Schistosomiasis; United States

Topics: Anemia; Animals; Culicidae; Deficiency Diseases; Humans; Malaysia; Tracheophyta

Topics: Child; Deficiency Diseases; Hepatomegaly; Humans; Liver; Malaysia; Malnutrition