exudates and Cell-Transformation--Neoplastic

Reported associations of capsaicin with gastric cancer development have been conflicting. Here, we examine 10 published articles that explore these associations using 2,452 cases and 3,996 controls.. We used multiple search strategies in MEDLINE through PubMed to seek for suitable articles that had case-control design with gastric cancer as outcome.. The outcomes of our study shows protection (odds ratio [OR] 0.55, P = 0.003) and susceptibility (OR 1.94, P = 0.0004), both significant with low and medium-high intake of capsaicin, respectively, although under relatively heterogeneous conditions (P(heterogeneity) = <0.0001). Outlier analysis resulted in loss of overall heterogeneity (P = 0.14) without affecting the pooled ORs. Among the subgroups, low intake elicited protection in both Korean (OR 0.37) and Mexican (OR 0.63) populations while high intake rendered these subgroups susceptible (OR 2.96 and OR 1.57, respectively). These subgroup values were highly significant (P = 0.0001-0.01) obtained in heterogeneous conditions (P(heterogeneity) < 0.0001-0.04). The homogeneous (P(heterogeneity) = 0.27-0.37) H. pylori (OR 0.60 and 1.69) effects were highly significant (P < 0.001) in the low and medium-high intake analyses, respectively. Given outcomes from the tests of interaction, high capsaicin intake is significantly different from the protection that low consumption offers.. This meta-analysis implies moderation in capsaicin consumption in order to derive its protective benefits.

Topics: Animals; Anticarcinogenic Agents; Apoptosis; Asia; Capsaicin; Capsicum; Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic; Diet; Disease Susceptibility; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Gastric Mucosa; Gastritis; Gene Expression Regulation; Helicobacter Infections; Helicobacter pylori; Humans; Life Style; Malaysia; Research Design; Risk; Stomach Neoplasms

Endemic goitre is a major concern in many parts of the world, including Southeast Asia. Goitrous thyroid lesion is postulated as a precursor lesion to thyroid cancer (TC). This paper reviews the prevalence rates and characteristics of TC among cases of goitrous thyroid-swelling in different parts of Malaysia and Myanmar. Recorded data from hospital-based retrospective studies of thyroid cases, whose study periods ranged from three to 11 years, were analysed. These included research findings from the author's publications as well as other published review articles of retrospective analyses. The incidence of TC varies among gender, age, race/ethnicity and histological type. There appears to be a higher rate of occurrence among females aged 21-60 years. Papillary thyroid carcinoma is the more common histological type compared to follicular cancer. This review also presents a descriptive analysis and discussion on studies conducted in other countries. Further exploration is warranted in order to uncover the possible risk factors for the rising incidence of TC.

Topics: Adult; Age Distribution; Biopsy, Needle; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic; Developing Countries; Female; Goiter, Endemic; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Incidence; Malaysia; Male; Middle Aged; Myanmar; Precancerous Conditions; Risk Assessment; Sex Distribution; Thyroid Neoplasms; Young Adult

Early detection of oral potentially malignant epithelial lesions (PMELs) is aimed at improving survival rates as carcinogenesis is a multistep process and prevention is possible if these lesions are detected at an early and reversible stage of the disease. A prospective clinical study aimed at determining the prevalence of bilateral 'mirror-image' oral PMELs was carried out. Sample consisted of 32 (53.3%) Indians, 23 (38.3%) Chinese, 4 (6.7%) Malays and one (1.7%) Nepalese. All had histopathological confirmation of their primary existing PMEL as inclusion criteria. A total of 70 primary lesions were detected. The most common PMEL found was oral lichen planus. Of these, 28 (46.7%) patients exhibited bilateral 'mirror-image' lesions (n = 42) either synchronously (n = 32/42) or metachronously (n = 10/42). The remaining 32 (53.3%) patients had normal-looking contralateral mucosa. Present findings suggest that patients presenting with oral PMELs are at greater risk of developing a second lesion, most probably in the contralateral 'mirror-image' site.

Topics: Cell Transformation, Neoplastic; Diagnosis, Differential; Early Diagnosis; Ethnicity; Female; Humans; Lichen Planus, Oral; Malaysia; Male; Mass Screening; Mouth Mucosa; Mouth Neoplasms; Precancerous Conditions; Prevalence; Prospective Studies

Conventional methods for writing case notes detailing the progress of oral lichen planus (OLP), a precancerous condition that requires long-term surveillance, is both time-consuming and tedious for the busy clinician.. To design and perform a simple surveillance on OLP patients based on colour-coded topography mouth maps (TMM).. Three colour-coded TMM were employed: red for OLP in high risk oral mucosal sites, yellow for cases showing improvement and green for asymptomatic lesions at each recall visit. In this preliminary study, these were applied on 30 histologically confirmed OLP individuals attending the Oral Medicine Clinic at the Department of Oral Pathology, Oral Medicine and Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya. The sites and extent of OLP lesions were charted on either red, yellow or green TMM based on defined criteria. This surveillance evaluated OLP in relation to patientandapos;s age, race, gender, underlying systemic conditions, oral habits, initial onset of OLP, oral manifestations and presence/absence of clinically suspicious areas.. Study sample comprised 4 (13.3%) Malays, 9 (30.0%) Chinese and 17 (56.7%) Indians. Most OLP patients belong to the green TMM (n= 14, 46.6%) group followed by red (n= 11, 36.7%) and yellow (n= 5, 16.7%) groups. Of the 11 cases with red TMM, rebiopsy was performed on 4 cases but no dysplasia was detected. Any local confounding factors namely periodontal disease or faulty dental restorations were managed accordingly.. TMM is simple to use and aided the clinicians in terms of time saving and patient management. Hence, follow-up of OLP patients can be carried out more efficiently and appropriately. TMM can be used for surveillance of other oral precancerous lesions and conditions.

Topics: Biopsy; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic; China; Color; Disease Progression; Female; Humans; India; Lichen Planus, Oral; Malaysia; Male; Neoplasm Staging; Population Surveillance; Precancerous Conditions; Prognosis; Risk Factors; Surveys and Questionnaires

Inactivation of the retinoblastoma (pRB) pathway is a common event in oral squamous cell carcinoma particularly through the aberrant expression of the components within this pathway. This study examines the alterations of molecules within the pRB pathway by looking at the presence of homozygous deletions in p16(INK4A) and the expression patterns of pRB, cyclin D1 and CDK4, as well as the presence of human papillomavirus (HPV) in our samples. In our study, 5/20 samples demonstrated deletions of p16(INK4A) exon 1alpha. pRB overexpression was found in 20/20 samples, the expression was mainly observed in all layers of the epithelia, particularly in the basal layer where cells are actively dividing and aberrant pRB expression was found in 12/20 samples. Cyclin D1 and CDK4 overexpression was detected in 6/20 and 2/20 samples respectively in comparison to hyperplasias where both proteins were either not expressed or expressed at minimal levels (<10%). Strikingly, HPV was found to be present in all of our samples, suggesting that HPV plays a significant role in driving oral carcinogenesis. Notably, 17/20 of our samples showed more than one alteration in the pRB pathway, however, we did not find any significant relationship between the presence of HPV, homozygous deletion of p16(INK4A) and overexpression of pRB, cyclin D1 and CDK4. Collectively, this data demonstrates that alterations in the pRB pathway are a common event and involve the aberration of more than one molecule within the pathway. Furthermore, the involvement of HPV in all our samples suggests that HPV infection may play an important role in oral carcinogenesis.

Topics: Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic; Cyclin D1; Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 4; Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16; Exons; Female; Gene Deletion; Homozygote; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Malaysia; Male; Mouth Neoplasms; Papillomaviridae; Papillomavirus Infections; Retinoblastoma Protein; Tumor Suppressor Proteins

Some oral verrucal lesions may constitute parts of the clinicopathological spectrum of proliferative verrucous leukoplakia (PVL). Because of its idiopathic yet sinister nature, it is possible that PVL may exist in other populations. The aim of this study was to review the clinicopathological features of persistent, multifocal, oral verrucal lesions in Malaysian population.. Patients with multifocal oral verrucal lesions were selected from surgical and histopathological records.. Nine patients of diverse ethnicity with 43 biopsies were reviewed. The mean age at the presentation was 62 years. The most frequent sites affected were gum, sulci, cheek and tongue. Indulgence in risk habits was reported in about 70% of patients. Four cases developed multifocal carcinoma from multifocal leukoplakia.. In retrospect, none of the cases fulfilled the original PVL criteria, although three cases were suggestive of PVL. Nevertheless, these findings do not necessarily preclude the existence of PVL as a clinicopathological entity in Malaysian population.

Topics: Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Carcinoma, Verrucous; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic; Ethnicity; Female; Gingival Neoplasms; Humans; Leukoplakia, Oral; Malaysia; Male; Middle Aged; Mouth Diseases; Mouth Mucosa; Mouth Neoplasms; Risk Factors; Tongue Neoplasms; Warts

The objective of this study was to determine the socio-demography (age, race and gender) of a group of Malaysian patients who were diagnosed as suffering from oral lichen planus (OLP). The occurrence of malignancy was also investigated. A total of 77 clinical and biopsy records of patients with OLP were studied. Females were affected more than males, with the female to male ratio being 2:1. Middle-aged Indian and Chinese females tend to be affected by OLP when compared with the rest of the population. Only 19 patients returned for further follow-up. One adult Indian female with a six-year history of lichenoid reaction showed the presence of malignancy.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Age Distribution; Aged; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic; China; Female; Humans; India; Lichen Planus, Oral; Malaysia; Male; Middle Aged; Oral Hygiene; Retrospective Studies; Sex Ratio; Tongue Neoplasms

A total of 114 methanol extracts from 42 plant families of edible Malaysian plants were screened for their inhibitory activities toward tumor promoter 12-O-hexadecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (HPA)-induced Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) activation in Raji cells. By testing at a concentration of 200 micrograms/ml, 74% of the 114 extracts inhibited EBV activation by 30% or more. This rate is comparable to those observed in the previous tests on edible Thai (60%) and Indonesian (71%) plants, and, importantly, much higher than that (26%) observed for Japanese edible plants. Approximately half of the Malaysian plants did not taxonomically overlap those from the other three countries, suggesting that Malaysian plants, as well as Thai and Indonesian plants, are an exclusive source of effective chemopreventive agents. Further dilution experiments indicated an extract from the leaves of Piper betle L. (Piperaceae) to be one of the most promising species. The high potential of edible Southeast Asian plants for cancer chemoprevention is collectively discussed.

Topics: Antineoplastic Agents; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic; Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor; Herpesvirus 4, Human; Malaysia; Plant Extracts; Plants, Edible; Plants, Medicinal; Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate; Tumor Cells, Cultured