exudates and Bone-Diseases

Children with epilepsy on long-term antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) are at risk of low bone mineral density (BMD). The aims of our study were to evaluate the prevalence and determinants of low BMD among Malaysian children with epilepsy.. Cross-sectional study of ambulant children with epilepsy on long-term AEDs for >1 year seen in a tertiary hospital in Malaysia from 2014 to 2015. Detailed assessment of anthropometric measurements; environmental lifestyle risk factors; serum vitamin D, calcium and parathyroid hormone levels; genotyping of single nucleotide polymorphisms of genes in vitamin D and calcium metabolism; and lumbar spine BMD were obtained. Low BMD was defined as BMD Z-score ≤ -2.0 SD.. Eighty-seven children with mean age of 11.9 years (56 males) participated in the study. The prevalence of low lumbar BMD was 21.8% (19 patients). Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified polytherapy >2 AEDs (OR: 7.86; 95% CI 1.03-59.96), small frame size with wrist breadth of <15th centile (OR 14.73; 95% CI 2.21-98.40), and body mass index Z-score < -2.0 (OR 8.73, 95% CI 1.17-65.19) as significant risk factors for low BMD.. One-fifth of Malaysian children with epilepsy on long-term AEDs had low BMD. Targeted BMD should be performed for those who are on >2 AEDs, underweight or with small frame size as they are at higher risk of having low BMD.

Topics: Adolescent; Anticonvulsants; Bone Density; Bone Diseases; Calcium; Child; Child, Preschool; Cross-Sectional Studies; Epilepsy; Female; Genotype; Humans; Lumbar Vertebrae; Malaysia; Male; Parathyroid Hormone; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; Prevalence; Risk Factors; Vitamin D

Topics: Biopsy; Bone and Bones; Bone Diseases; Bone Neoplasms; Demography; Hospitals, University; Humans; Malaysia; Retrospective Studies

The organisation of the radiological services in Malaysia is described and those diseases in which radiology plays an important part in diagnosis are discussed. As radiology embraces all specialities a pattern of diseases emerges which is different from that seen in the West. The control of infectious diseases, the general improvement in health care and the more sophisticated radiological investigations now available mean that in future radiology will play a much more important part in diagnosis and management of patients.

Topics: Biliary Tract Diseases; Bone Diseases; Cardiovascular Diseases; Communicable Diseases; Community Health Services; Diagnostic Services; Gastrointestinal Diseases; Humans; Joint Diseases; Lung Diseases; Malaysia; Neoplasms; Radiography; Radiology; Urinary Tract Infections

Topics: Adult; Amphotericin B; Asian People; Body Temperature; Bone Diseases; Cryptococcosis; Granulation Tissue; Humans; Injections, Intravenous; Joint Diseases; Malaysia; Male; Pulse; Radiography; Sternum