exudates and Abortion--Spontaneous

Threatened miscarriage is a common problem during pregnancy.. The aim of this prospective, open, randomised study was to determine whether dydrogesterone was more effective than conservative management alone in preventing miscarriage in women with vaginal bleeding up to week 16 of pregnancy. Women were excluded if they had a history of recurrent miscarriage. A total of 191 women were randomised to dydrogesterone (40 mg stat followed by 10mg twice daily) or conservative management (control group). The treatment was considered successful if the pregnancy continued beyond 20 weeks of gestation.. The success rate in the dydrogesterone group was statistically significantly higher than that in the control group (87.5% vs. 71.6%; p<0.05). Miscarriage occurred in 12.5% of women in the dydrogesterone group compared with 28.4% in the control group (p<0.05). There were no differences between the groups with regard to the incidence of Caesarean section, placenta praevia, antepartum haemorrhage, preterm labour (weeks 28-36), pregnancy-induced hypertension or low birth weight (<2500 g) babies. There were no intrauterine deaths or congenital abnormalities in either group.. Compared with conservative management, dydrogesterone had beneficial effects on maintaining pregnancy in women with threatened miscarriage.

Topics: Abortion, Habitual; Abortion, Spontaneous; Abortion, Threatened; Adult; Bed Rest; Dydrogesterone; Female; Humans; Malaysia; Pregnancy; Progestins; Prospective Studies; Reproductive Control Agents; Therapeutic Equivalency; Young Adult

The presence of antiphospholipid antibodies (aPLs) is closely associated with thrombotic events and pregnancy complications such as recurrent pregnancy loss, preeclampsia and placental insufficiency. We investigated the presence of aPLs and its frequency among female patients with a history of fetal loss in a Malaysia population. Serum samples were collected from 108 patients who had (1) one or more unexplained deaths of morphologically normal fetuses at or beyond the 22nd week of gestation, or (2) one or more premature births of morphologically normal neonates at or before the 24th week of gestation due to eclampsia or preeclampsia, or recognized features of placental insufficiency, or (3) three or more unexplained, consecutive, spontaneous miscarriages before the 20th week of gestation. Serum was tested for aPLs subtypes: anticardiolipin (aCL), anti-beta-2- glycoprotein I (aβ2GPI), anti-beta-2-glycoprotein I dependent cardiolipin (aβ2GPI dependent CL), anti-phosphatidylcholine (aPC), anti-phosphatidylethanolamine (aPE), anti-phosphatidylinositol (aPI), anti-phosphatidylserine (aPS) and anti-sphingomyeline (aSph) by using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. The mean age of patients was 30±5. Four patients (3.7%) were found positive for at least one aPLs subtype. Four aPLs subtypes were detected. The most common subtypes was aβ2GPI dependent CL (3.7%), followed by aCL (2.7%), aβ2GPI (0.9%), and aPE(0.9%). In conclusion, frequency of aPLs among women with fetal loss (3.7%) in Malaysia was low with subtype aβ2GPI dependent CL being the most prevalent aPLs.

Topics: Abortion, Spontaneous; Adult; Antibodies, Antiphospholipid; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Female; Humans; Malaysia; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Young Adult

There is a high rate of unintended pregnancies in Malaysia due to low contraceptive use. Only 30% of married women use modern contraceptive methods. Emergency contraception (EC) is used within a few days of unprotected sex to prevent pregnancy. The purpose of this study was to investigate the knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding EC pill use among Malay women. A cross sectional study was conducted among married female staff using stratified random sampling from 15 faculties in the Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM). Data about sociodemographic factors, reproductive health, knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding EC use were gathered using validated self-administered questionnaire. The response rate was 87%. Half the 294 subjects who participated had a low knowledge, 33.0% a moderate knowledge and 17.0% a good knowledge about the EC pill. Eighty-eight percent of respondents had a positive attitude and 12.0% a negative attitude toward EC. Eleven percent of respondents had previously used EC. Unplanned and unwanted pregnancies were reported by 35.0% and 14.0% of respondents, respectively. Most respondents lacked knowledge about the indications for using EC, its mechanism of action, when it can be used and its side effects. Our findings show a need to educate women about EC.

Topics: Abortion, Induced; Abortion, Spontaneous; Adult; Contraception, Postcoital; Cross-Sectional Studies; Faculty; Female; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; Humans; Malaysia; Marriage; Middle Aged; Pregnancy; Pregnancy, Unplanned; Pregnancy, Unwanted; Reproductive Health; Surveys and Questionnaires; Universities; Young Adult

This study was done to determine the prevalence of chromosomal abnormalities and the subsequent reproductive outcome in couples who had two or more miscarriages.. 56 couples with a history of at least two previous miscarriages were evaluated for prevalence and types of chromosomal abnormalities from their karyotype records. The study was a retrospective one, and subsequent reproductive outcome after a period of 12-24 months from the time of karyotyping was obtained by telephone interviews and scrutiny of the case records. The comparison of reproductive outcome was done by chi-square statistics.. Five couples (8.9 percent) had a chromosomal abnormality in one partner. Three cases of reciprocal translocations t(5;11), t(9;14), dup(9q); one Robertsonian D/D translocation 13/14; and one mosaic Down syndrome male karyotype were found. Among the 32 couples available for follow-up, there was a lower incidence of subsequent live healthy births among chromosomally-normal couples (35.7 percent) compared to chromosomally-abnormal ones (25 percent). However, the difference was not statistically significant (p-value is 1.0). There was a lower incidence of subsequent abortions in chromosomally-normal couples (42.8 percent) compared to chromosomally-abnormal ones (50 percent), but the difference was also not statistically significant (p-value is 1.0).. Chromosomal abnormalities were seen in 8.9 percent of the couples, and translocations were the commonest abnormality found. The frequencies of subsequent live healthy births and subsequent abortions showed no significant difference between couples having normal karyotypes and those having chromosomal abnormality in one partner.

Topics: Abortion, Spontaneous; Adult; Chromosome Aberrations; Chromosome Disorders; Female; Humans; Karyotyping; Malaysia; Male; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Outcome; Prognosis; Retrospective Studies; Translocation, Genetic; Treatment Outcome

To evaluate the risk factors of spontaneous abortion.. A case-control study was conducted by interviewing 350 women who were admitted to the university gynaecological unit for spontaneous abortion and 350 women who delivered normally at the university obstetric unit. Odds ratios, as the estimators of relative risks, were calculated.. The relative risk for spontaneous abortion among women in the age-group 30 to 39 years was 1.61 and among women above 40 years of age was 3.68 when compared to those below 30 years of age. In relation to career women, the relative risk of spontaneous abortion for housewives was 0.45. Ethnic group, parity, subfertility, previous induced abortion, ectopic pregnancy, contraception and menarcheal age did not influence the risk of spontaneous abortion.. Increasing age and a woman's career are significant risk factors of spontaneous abortion.

Topics: Abortion, Spontaneous; Adult; Case-Control Studies; Female; Humans; Malaysia; Odds Ratio; Pregnancy; Risk Factors; Socioeconomic Factors

Between December 1990 and May 1991 in Malaysia, clinicians at the Sultanah Aminah Hospital in Johor Bahru screened 200 women with a diagnosis of threatened miscarriage with ultrasound to determine whether ultrasound could evaluate the viability of the fetus and thus the outcome of pregnancy in cases of threatened abortion. A fetal heartbeat was absent in 65% of cases with the remaining 35% of cases having a fetal heartbeat. Nonviability of the fetus or an abnormal or very early pregnancy may have accounted for an absent fetal heartbeat. The pregnancy of 46% of cases continued while 41% experienced spontaneous abortion. Just 6.2% of cases with a fetal heartbeat suffered from spontaneous abortion compared with 69.7% of those without a fetal heartbeat. 93.8% of cases with a fetal heartbeat continued their pregnancies compared with 30.3% of those without a fetal heartbeat. Inability of ultrasound to detect fetal heartbeats during early pregnancy probably accounted for the somewhat high percentage of those without a fetal heartbeat who continued their pregnancies. Among patients with a fetal heartbeat, the number of pregnancies that continued. Ultrasound detected 13% abnormal pregnancies (i.e., molar pregnancy or ectopic pregnancy). Surgery on these cases confirmed the ultrasound findings. These results showed that ultrasound should be used in every case of threatened miscarriage and that a fetal heartbeat does indicate the viability of the fetus.

Topics: Abortion, Spontaneous; Asia; Asia, Southeastern; Developing Countries; Diagnosis; Disease; Fetal Viability; Fetus; Longitudinal Studies; Malaysia; Mass Screening; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Pregnancy Outcome; Pregnancy, Ectopic; Reproduction; Research; Ultrasonics

Trends in selected pregnancy complications from 1969 to 1987 in a tertiary hospital in Malaysia are presented. Complications reviewed were abortion, ectopic pregnancy, anemia, hypertension, hyperemesis, antepartum and postpartum hemorrhage. Possible explanations for the observed trends were discussed, including the role of improved obstetric care and changes in the characteristics of the childbearing population. The data presented give some indication of maternal morbidity in the childbearing population served by this tertiary center and should lead to improvements in provision of services as well as in health data collection in the future.

Topics: Abortion, Spontaneous; Anemia; Female; Hemorrhage; Humans; Hyperemesis Gravidarum; Hypertension; Malaysia; Postpartum Hemorrhage; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Pregnancy Complications, Cardiovascular; Pregnancy Complications, Hematologic; Pregnancy, Ectopic

Topics: Abnormalities, Radiation-Induced; Abortion, Spontaneous; Child; Female; Humans; Leukemia; Malaysia; Pregnancy; Radioactive Waste

Out of a total of 6992 pregnancies which occurred among the 1616 Malaysian women at their various stages of reproductive cycles in 1982. 1.1% ended in stillbirths, 6.1% in spontaneous abortions, an 2.2% in induced abortions. Life cycle and family formation variables provided far sharper differentials in pregnancy wasstage as compared to the ethnic and educational variables. Pregnancy wastage rate varied from 5% at maternal age below 20, to 24% at maternal age 40-44, and from about 7.5% at the 1st 2 pregnancy orders to 13.8% at the 7th and higher orders. Intervals of 1 year or less had a wastage of 29.4%. Pregnancy outcome was strongly associated with the outcome of the preceding pregnancy. Data is based on analysis of the 1982 Survey on Health and Family Planning in Johore an Perak.

Topics: Abortion, Induced; Abortion, Spontaneous; Age Factors; Asia; Asia, Southeastern; Birth Order; Data Collection; Demography; Developing Countries; Disease; Family Characteristics; Family Planning Services; Family Relations; Fetal Death; Health; Health Surveys; Malaysia; Maternal Age; Mortality; Parents; Population; Population Characteristics; Population Dynamics; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Pregnancy Outcome; Reproduction; Research; Sampling Studies; Statistics as Topic

Topics: Abortion, Spontaneous; Adolescent; Contraception; Family Planning Services; Female; Health Services Research; Humans; Malaysia; Male; Pregnancy; Pregnancy in Adolescence; Sex Education; Sexual Maturation; Sri Lanka

We evaluated 3,066 consecutive women admitted during 1 year to two major hospitals of Kuala Lumpur and the adjacent urban area of Malaysia. Indicators of acute pelvic inflammatory disease were more common among patients with induced abortions. PID was thought to be a major contributor to the higher costs associated with management of patients with induced abortions.

Topics: Abortion, Induced; Abortion, Spontaneous; Abortion, Therapeutic; Female; Humans; Malaysia; Pelvic Inflammatory Disease; Pregnancy; Prospective Studies

Topics: Abortion, Septic; Abortion, Spontaneous; Female; Humans; Malaysia; Pregnancy