ex-527 and Cardiomegaly

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) leads to cardiomyopathy characterized by cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, followed by mitochondrial dysfunction and interstitial fibrosis, all of which are exacerbated by angiotensin II (AT). SIRT1 and its transcriptional coactivator target PGC-1α (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator), and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) modulates mitochondrial biogenesis and antioxidant protection. We have previously shown the beneficial effect of caloric restriction (CR) on diabetic cardiomyopathy through intracellular signaling pathways involving the SIRT1-PGC-1α axis. In the current study, we examined the role of HO-1 in diabetic cardiomyopathy in mice subjected to CR.. Cardiomyopathy was induced in obese diabetic (. Diabetic mice had low levels of HO-1 and elevated levels of the oxidative marker malondialdehyde (MDA). CR attenuated left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), increased HO-1 levels, and decreased MDA levels. SnMP abolished the protective effects of CR and caused pronounced LVH and cardiac metabolic dysfunction represented by suppressed levels of adiponectin, SIRT1, PPARγ, PGC-1α, and increased MDA. High glucose (33 mM) increased ROS in cultured cardiomyocytes, while SnMP reduced SIRT1, PGC-1α levels, and HO activity. Similarly, SIRT1 inhibition led to a reduction in PGC-1α and HO-1 levels. CoPP increased HO-1 protein levels and activity, SIRT1, and PGC-1α levels, and decreased ROS production, suggesting a positive feedback between SIRT1 and HO-1.. These results establish a link between SIRT1, PGC-1α, and HO-1 signaling that leads to the attenuation of ROS production and diabetic cardiomyopathy. CoPP mimicked the beneficial effect of CR, while SnMP increased oxidative stress, aggravating cardiac hypertrophy. The data suggest that increasing HO-1 levels constitutes a novel therapeutic approach to protect the diabetic heart. Brief Summary: CR attenuates cardiomyopathy, and increases HO-1, SIRT activity, and PGC-1α protein levels in diabetic mice. High glucose reduces adiponectin, SIRT1, PGC1-1α, and HO-1 levels in cardiomyocytes, resulting in oxidative stress. The pharmacological activation of HO-1 activity mimics the effect of CR, while SnMP increased oxidative stress and cardiac hypertrophy. These data suggest the critical role of HO-1 in protecting the diabetic heart.

Topics: Angiotensin II; Animals; Blood Glucose; Caloric Restriction; Carbazoles; Cardiomegaly; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Cardiomyopathies; Heme Oxygenase-1; Male; Malondialdehyde; Mesoporphyrins; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Myocytes, Cardiac; Obesity; Oxidative Stress; Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma Coactivator 1-alpha; PPAR gamma; Protoporphyrins; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Reactive Oxygen Species; Signal Transduction; Sirtuin 1