etifoxine and Pain

Inflammatory processes are critical promoting factors of chronic pain states, mostly by inducing peripheral and central sensitization of the nociceptive system. These processes are associated with a massive increase in glutamatergic transmission, sometimes facilitated by spinal disinhibition. In this study, we used etifoxine, a non-benzodiazepine anxiolytic known to amplify inhibition mediated by gamma-aminobutyric acid type A (GABA

Topics: Analgesics; Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Carrageenan; Disease Models, Animal; Edema; Formaldehyde; Hyperalgesia; Male; Mice; Oxazines; Pain; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate

Etifoxine (EFX) is a non-benzodiazepine anxiolytic which potentiate GABAA receptor (GABAAR) function directly or indirectly via the production of 3α-reduced neurosteroids. The later effect is now recognized to account for the long-term reduction of pain symptoms in various neuropathic and inflammatory pain models. In the present study, we characterized the acute antinociceptive properties of EFX during spinal pain processing in naive and monoarthritic rats using in vivo electrophysiology. The topical application of EFX on lumbar spinal cord segment, at concentrations higher than 30 μM, reduced the excitability of wide dynamic range neurons receiving non-nociceptive and nociceptive inputs. Windup discharge resulting from the repetitive stimulation of the peripheral receptive field, and recognized as a short-term plastic process seen in central nociceptive sensitization, was significantly inhibited by EFX at these concentrations. In good agreement, mechanical nociceptive thresholds were also significantly increased following an acute intrathecal injection of EFX. The acute modulatory properties of EFX on spinal pain processing were never seen in the simultaneous presence of bicuculline. This result further confirmed EFX antinociception to result from the potentiation of spinal GABAA receptor function.

Topics: Action Potentials; Analgesics; Animals; Male; Nerve Fibers, Unmyelinated; Nociception; Oxazines; Pain; Pain Threshold; Posterior Horn Cells; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, GABA-A

Topics: Animals; Anti-Anxiety Agents; Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions; Humans; Neoplasms; Oxazines; Pain