ethyl-cellulose and Periodontitis

Ethylcellulose inserts of niridazole fabricated by casting were studied for in vitro release and in vivo clinical effectiveness. The in vitro drug release was steady and sustained for over 7 days and followed diffusion kinetics. Selected batch, EN3, was evaluated clinically in patients with periodontitis for 6 months. A significant improvement (alpha < or = 0.05) in clinical indices from baseline was observed. Intergroup study revealed a significant (alpha < or = 0.01) change in the bleeding index, gingival index, plaque index, calculus criteria, and pocket depth. Significant reduction in total bacterial count in gingival crevicular fluid was observed before and postdevice insertion, as well as between control and treatment groups.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Biological Availability; Cellulose; Delayed-Action Preparations; Dental Calculus; Dental Plaque; Drug Delivery Systems; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Hemorrhage; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Niridazole; Orphan Drug Production; Periodontal Diseases; Periodontal Index; Periodontal Pocket; Periodontitis; Pilot Projects; Single-Blind Method; Time Factors; Treatment Outcome

This study reports the development of a sustained-release system of sparfloxacin for use in the treatment of periodontal disease. A sustained-release sparfloxacin device was formulated, based on ethyl cellulose (EC) 10 cps, polyethylene glycol (PEG) 4000, and diethyl phthalate (DEPh). It will hereafter be called the sparfloxacin chip (SRS chip). The chip has dimensions of 10 mm length, 2 mm width, and 0.5 mm thickness. The in vitro drug release pattern and clinical evaluation of the formulations were studied. Reports of the short-term clinical study show that the use of the SRS chip may cause complete eradication of the pathogenic bacteria in the periodontal pockets of patients who have chronic generalized periodontitis. In this clinical study, the baseline and follow-up measurements of various clinical indices, such as oral hygiene index(es), plaque index, sulcular depth component of periodontal disease index, gingival crevicular fluid flow measurement, and dark field microscopic examinations of oral pathogens in plaque samples were studied. Significant improvements were observed in many parameters of the treatment group compared with the placebo group.

Topics: Analysis of Variance; Anti-Infective Agents; Cellulose; Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; Delayed-Action Preparations; Female; Fluoroquinolones; Humans; Male; Periodontitis; Polyethylene Glycols; Treatment Outcome

An in situ forming gel is a dosage form which is promised for site-specific therapy such as periodontal pocket of periodontitis treatment. Ethylcellulose, bleached shellac, and Eudragit RS were applied in this study as a polymeric matrix for in situ forming gel employing N-methyl pyrrolidone (NMP) as solvent. Solutions comprising ethylcellulose, bleached shellac, and Eudragit RS in NMP were evaluated for viscosity, rheology, and rate of water penetration. Ease of administration by injection was determined as the force required to expel polymeric solutions through a needle using texture analyzer. In vitro gel formation and in vitro gel degradation were conducted after injection into phosphate buffer solution pH 6.8. Ethylcellulose, bleached shellac, and Eudragit RS could form the in situ gel, in vitro. Gel viscosity and pH value depended on percentage amount of the polymer, whereas the water diffusion at early period likely relied on types of polymer. Furthermore, the solutions containing higher polymer concentration exhibited the lower degree of degradation. All the preparations were acceptable as injectable dosage forms because the applied force was lower than 50 N. All of them inhibited Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Candida albicans, Streptococcus mutans, and Porphyrommonas gingivalis growth owing to antimicrobial activity of NMP which exhibited a potential use for periodontitis treatment. Moreover, the developed systems presented as the solvent exchange induced in situ forming gel and showed capability to be incorporated with the suitable antimicrobial active compounds for periodontitis treatment which should be further studied.

Topics: Acrylic Resins; Anti-Infective Agents; Candida albicans; Cellulose; Diffusion; Drug Delivery Systems; Escherichia coli; Gels; Periodontitis; Polymers; Porphyromonas gingivalis; Pyrrolidinones; Resins, Plant; Solubility; Solvents; Staphylococcus aureus; Streptococcus mutans; Viscosity; Water

A conceptually novel periodontal drug delivery system (DDS) is described that is intended for treatment of microbial infections associated with periodontitis. The DDS is a composite wafer with surface layers possessing adhesive properties, while the bulk layer consists of antimicrobial agents, biodegradable polymers, and matrix polymers. The wafers contain poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) as the main bioerodible component used in the bulk layer and ethyl cellulose applied as a matrix polymer enabling diffusion-controlled release. Starch and other polymers in combination with AgNO(3) serve as coatings adhesive to the teeth. In vitro experiments demonstrate that the wafers are capable of zero-order release of antimicrobial agents such as silver nitrate, benzylpenicillin, and tetracycline, for over 4 weeks.

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Infective Agents; Cellulose; Cross-Linking Reagents; Drug Delivery Systems; Excipients; Gingiva; Lactic Acid; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; Penicillin G; Penicillins; Periodontitis; Polyethylene Glycols; Polyglycolic Acid; Polylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid Copolymer; Polymers; Silver Nitrate; Tetracycline