ethosuximide and Epilepsy, Absence studies

Ethosuximide: An anticonvulsant especially useful in the treatment of absence seizures unaccompanied by other types of seizures.
ethosuximide : A dicarboximide that is pyrrolidine-2,5-dione in which the hydrogens at position 3 are substituted by one methyl and one ethyl group. An antiepileptic, it is used in the treatment of absence seizures and may be used for myoclonic seizures, but is ineffective against tonic-clonic seizures.

Epilepsy, Absence: A seizure disorder usually occurring in childhood characterized by rhythmic electrical brain discharges of generalized onset. Clinical features include a sudden cessation of ongoing activity usually without loss of postural tone. Rhythmic blinking of the eyelids or lip smacking frequently accompanies the SEIZURES. The usual duration is 5-10 seconds, and multiple episodes may occur daily. Juvenile absence epilepsy is characterized by the juvenile onset of absence seizures and an increased incidence of myoclonus and tonic-clonic seizures. (Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, p736)

Research Excerpts

Excerpt	Relevance	Reference
"To review the evidence for the effects of ethosuximide, valproate and lamotrigine as treatments for children and adolescents with absence seizures (AS), when compared with placebo or each other."	9.12	Ethosuximide, sodium valproate or lamotrigine for absence seizures in children and adolescents. ( Brigo, F; Igwe, SC; Lattanzi, S, 2021)
"We report two rare cases of childhood epilepsy patients who developed ethosuximide-induced Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS)."	7.88	Ethosuximide-induced Stevens-Johnson syndrome: Beneficial effect of early intervention with high-dose corticosteroid therapy. ( Fujii, K; Hamada, T; Iwatsuki, K; Kobayashi, K; Shibata, T; Tachibana, K; Tsuchiya, H, 2018)
"Lacosamide (LCM) is a new generation antiepileptic drug that affects the slow inactivation of voltage-gated sodium channels."	5.72	The effect of chronic treatment with sodium channel blocker lacosamide on early development of absence seizures in genetic absence epilepsy rats. ( Akat, Ş; Akman, Ö; Çarçak, N; Karanfil, C; Onat, F, 2022)
"Intrathecal administration of antiseizure drugs (ASDs) e."	5.72	Intrathecal application of ethosuximide is highly efficient in suppressing seizures in a genetic model of absence epilepsy. ( Buschhoff, AS; de Mooij-van Malsen, JG; Scherließ, R; Schiffelholz, T; Stephani, U; Wulff, P, 2022)
"Lymphadenopathy is a common sign for drug reaction and eosinophilia with systemic symptoms (DRESS) syndrome, but hilar and mediastinal lymphadenopathy may be underreported."	5.51	Ethosuximide-induced drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms with mediastinal lymphadenopathy. ( Castrovinci, P; Contestable, J; Werbel, T, 2019)
"To review the evidence for the effects of ethosuximide, valproate and lamotrigine as treatments for children and adolescents with absence seizures (AS), when compared with placebo or each other."	5.12	Ethosuximide, sodium valproate or lamotrigine for absence seizures in children and adolescents. ( Brigo, F; Igwe, SC; Lattanzi, S, 2021)
"Valproic acid, a new anticonvulsant, is most effective in absence seizures (simple and complex), but it has produced improvement in tonicclonic seizures, mixed absence with tonic-clonic seizures, and myoclonic epilepsy."	5.04	Valproic acid (Depakene). A new anticonvulsant agent. ( Lewis, JR, 1978)
" The treatment of choice for CAE with absence seizures only is ethosuximide."	5.01	A Practical Guide to Treatment of Childhood Absence Epilepsy. ( Kessler, SK; McGinnis, E, 2019)
" The point estimates of carbamazepine and lamotrigine efficacy showed their superiority with respect to all comparator antiepileptic drugs for the treatment of newly diagnosed focal epilepsy."	4.98	Comparative efficacy of antiepileptic drugs in children and adolescents: A network meta-analysis. ( Crescioli, G; De Masi, S; Guerrini, R; Ilvento, L; Lucenteforte, E; McGreevy, KS; Mugelli, A; Pugi, A; Rosati, A; Virgili, G, 2018)
" ethosuximide), using specific protocols, prevent the development of spontaneous absence seizures."	3.91	Antiepileptogenic effects of Ethosuximide and Levetiracetam in WAG/Rij rats are only temporary. ( Caro, C; Citraro, R; Constanti, A; Iannone, M; Leo, A; Nesci, V; Palma, E; Russo, E; Sarro, G; Tallarico, M, 2019)
"We report two rare cases of childhood epilepsy patients who developed ethosuximide-induced Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS)."	3.88	Ethosuximide-induced Stevens-Johnson syndrome: Beneficial effect of early intervention with high-dose corticosteroid therapy. ( Fujii, K; Hamada, T; Iwatsuki, K; Kobayashi, K; Shibata, T; Tachibana, K; Tsuchiya, H, 2018)
"The beneficial effects of chronic and early pharmacological treatment with ethosuximide on epileptogenesis were studied in a genetic absence epilepsy model comorbid for depression."	3.79	Anti-epileptogenesis: Electrophysiology, diffusion tensor imaging and behavior in a genetic absence model. ( Bashyal, C; Blumenfeld, H; Burinov, J; Coman, D; Coquillette, M; Covolato, G; Danielson, N; Edelbroek, P; Frankenmolen, N; Hyder, F; Janeczko, K; Kiemeneij, A; Lüttjohann, A; Mishra, AM; Niermann, H; Schaapsmeerders, P; van Luijtelaar, G; van Rijn, CM, 2013)
"Ethosuximide (ESX) is a drug of choice for the symptomatic treatment of absence seizures."	3.79	Ethosuximide reduces epileptogenesis and behavioral comorbidity in the GAERS model of genetic generalized epilepsy. ( Blumenfeld, H; Dezsi, G; Jones, NC; O'Brien, TJ; Ozturk, E; Powell, KL; Stanic, D, 2013)
"Psychosis and suicidal ideation have been reported as side effects of ethosuximide treatment, but previous reports seldom place these symptoms in the context of mania."	3.77	Ethosuximide-induced mania in a 10-year-old boy. ( Chien, J, 2011)
" However, zonisamide- and carbamazepine-treated animals had IT values similar to those of controls, but only zonisamide significantly decreased absence seizure development."	3.77	Effects of early long-term treatment with antiepileptic drugs on development of seizures and depressive-like behavior in a rat genetic absence epilepsy model. ( Citraro, R; Constanti, A; De Fazio, S; De Sarro, G; Di Paola, ED; Perrota, I; Perrotta, I; Russo, E; Scicchitano, F, 2011)
"The purpose of the follow-up study was to determine whether modern therapy with ethosuximide and/or valproate with/without phenobarbitone and its derivatives improves the longterm prognosis of absence epilepsy as compared to formerly used treatments."	3.67	Longterm follow-up of childhood epilepsy with absences. I. Epilepsy with absences at onset. ( Baier, WK; Dieterich, E; Doose, H; Fichsel, H; Tuxhorn, I, 1985)
"Ethosuximide concentration in serum was monitored during the last trimester of pregnancy in a patient."	3.66	Ethosuximide pharmacokinetics in a pregnant patient and her newborn. ( Cohen, ME; Koup, JR; Rose, JQ, 1978)
"Eighty-four participants achieved seizure freedom with a wide range of ethosuximide area under the curves (AUC) ranging from 420 to 2,420 μg·h/mL."	3.30	Model-Informed Precision Dosing Guidance of Ethosuximide Developed from a Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial of Childhood Absence Epilepsy. ( Adamson, PC; Blumer, JL; Capparelli, EV; Clark, PO; Cnaan, A; Dong, M; Fukuda, T; Glauser, TA; Mizuno, K; Reed, MD; Shinnar, S; Vinks, AA, 2023)
"Epileptic negative myoclonus (ENM) is a recently defined epileptic seizure type seen in various epileptic syndromes."	2.69	Dramatic effect of ethosuximide on epileptic negative myoclonus: implications for the neurophysiological mechanism. ( Hara, M; Oguni, H; Osawa, M; Sunahara, M; Tanaka, T; Uehara, T, 1998)
" The relation between the ethosuximide dosage given and the plasma concentration level was good."	2.66	Evaluation of treatment in typical absence seizures. The roles of long-term EEG monitoring and ethosuximide. ( Blomquist, HK; Zetterlund, B, 1985)
"The mechanisms of petit mal epilepsy remain a mystery despite successful therapy."	2.64	Ethosuximide and bicuculline inhibition in petit mal epilepsy. ( Englander, RN; Hanna, GR; Johnson, RN, 1977)
"A study was conducted in 9 children with petit mal epilepsy to compare the plasma levels of ethosuximide after divided daily administration with those after single daily administration."	2.64	Ethosuximide dosage regimens. ( Buchanan, RA; Heffelfinger, JC; Kinkel, AW; Turner, JL, 1976)
"Absence seizures have a significant impact on quality of life."	2.49	Absence seizures in children. ( Posner, E, 2013)
"Ethosuximide has been associated with a wide variety of idiosyncratic reactions and with hematopoietic adverse effects."	2.44	Ethosuximide: from bench to bedside. ( Gören, MZ; Onat, F, 2007)
"We describe a case of aplastic anemia in an 8-year-old girl which was diagnosed 8 months after initiation of ethosuximide as treatment for absence seizures."	2.39	Aplastic anemia following therapy for absence seizures with ethosuximide. ( Dunn, NL; Heckel, JL; Massey, GV; Myer, EC; Russell, EC, 1994)
"Intrathecal administration of antiseizure drugs (ASDs) e."	1.72	Intrathecal application of ethosuximide is highly efficient in suppressing seizures in a genetic model of absence epilepsy. ( Buschhoff, AS; de Mooij-van Malsen, JG; Scherließ, R; Schiffelholz, T; Stephani, U; Wulff, P, 2022)
"Lacosamide (LCM) is a new generation antiepileptic drug that affects the slow inactivation of voltage-gated sodium channels."	1.72	The effect of chronic treatment with sodium channel blocker lacosamide on early development of absence seizures in genetic absence epilepsy rats. ( Akat, Ş; Akman, Ö; Çarçak, N; Karanfil, C; Onat, F, 2022)
"Lymphadenopathy is a common sign for drug reaction and eosinophilia with systemic symptoms (DRESS) syndrome, but hilar and mediastinal lymphadenopathy may be underreported."	1.51	Ethosuximide-induced drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms with mediastinal lymphadenopathy. ( Castrovinci, P; Contestable, J; Werbel, T, 2019)
"Seizure relapses were rare and comparable in patients who reached seizure freedom with first or second AED, indicating that the resistance to one AED does not influence the outcome."	1.51	Early clinical and EEG findings associated with the outcome in childhood absence epilepsy. ( Canafoglia, L; Casellato, S; Dettori, MS; Duran, D; Franceschetti, S; Freri, E; Granata, T; Panzica, F; Ragona, F, 2019)
"The understanding of childhood absence epilepsy (CAE) has been revolutionized over the past decade, but the biological mechanisms responsible for variable treatment outcomes are unknown."	1.48	Ictal connectivity in childhood absence epilepsy: Associations with outcome. ( Agler, W; Altaye, M; Glauser, TA; Kadis, DS; Rozhkov, L; Tenney, JR; Vannest, J; Xiang, J, 2018)
"Treatment with ethosuximide significantly blocks seizures in both stg/stg and tg/tg, but the abnormal PAC remains."	1.46	Persistent aberrant cortical phase-amplitude coupling following seizure treatment in absence epilepsy models. ( Akbar, A; Foster, BL; Maheshwari, A; Marks, RL; Noebels, JL; Park, S; Wang, M; Yu, K, 2017)
"As ethosuximide is a first-line therapy for absence seizures in childhood, and drug-induced cognitive impairment may interfere with development, learning, and academic achievement, these findings are of interest to clinicians who prescribe this drug, especially when informing parents."	1.43	The Cognitive Profile of Ethosuximide in Children. ( Aldenkamp, AP; de Louw, AJ; Debeij-van Hall, MH; IJff, DM; Jansen, JF; Majoie, MH; van Veenendaal, TM, 2016)
"The results suggest that seizure activity is necessary for the expression of depression-like behavioral symptoms and confirm that epileptogenesis can be prevented by early and chronic treatment."	1.36	Spike-wave discharges are necessary for the expression of behavioral depression-like symptoms. ( Kulikov, MA; Kuznetsova, GD; Sarkisova, KY; van Luijtelaar, G, 2010)
"Models of genetic absence epilepsy are resistant to secondary generalization of focal limbic seizures."	1.36	Localized cortical injections of ethosuximide suppress spike-and-wave activity and reduce the resistance to kindling in genetic absence epilepsy rats (GAERS). ( Akin, D; Carçak, N; Gülhan Aker, R; Onat, FY; Sakalli, E; Tezcan, K, 2010)
"Absence epilepsy is a form of generalized epilepsy commonly seen in children."	1.35	Ethosuximide converts ictogenic neurons initiating absence seizures into normal neurons in a genetic model. ( Charpier, S; Polack, PO, 2009)
"Oral ethosuximide was given from age p21 to 5 months, covering the usual period in which seizures develop in this model (age approximately 3 months)."	1.35	Early treatment suppresses the development of spike-wave epilepsy in a rat model. ( Agarwal, RK; Bashyal, C; Blumenfeld, H; Englot, DJ; Giblin, K; Khera, DS; Klein, JP; Levin, AR; Mission, J; Motelow, J; Nersesyan, H; Paul-Laughinghouse, C; Phadke, A; Rice, T; Schridde, U; Vestal, M; Wang, F; Waxman, SG, 2008)
"This article describes a girl with mental retardation, probably due to a perinatal complication, who had typical absence seizures with characteristic electroencephalographic findings of childhood absence epilepsy, including normal background activity."	1.35	Childhood absence epilepsy with clinically apparent genetic and acquired burdens: a diagnostic consideration. ( Wakamoto, H, 2008)
"Ethosuximide (ESM) also was used to block seizure activity."	1.33	Imaging the neural substrates involved in the genesis of pentylenetetrazol-induced seizures. ( Brevard, ME; Ferris, CF; King, JA; Kulkarni, P, 2006)
" However, dose-response studies showed that lower doses of CGP35348 that failed to influence atypical absence seizure activity, completely reversed the spatial working memory deficit."	1.33	GABAB receptor antagonism abolishes the learning impairments in rats with chronic atypical absence seizures. ( Burnham, WM; Chan, KF; Cortez, MA; Jia, Z; Snead, OC, 2006)
"Absence epilepsy is characterised by recurrent periods of physical and mental inactivity coupled to bilateral, synchronous spike and wave discharges (SWDs) on the electroencephalogram."	1.32	Targeting thalamic nuclei is not sufficient for the full anti-absence action of ethosuximide in a rat model of absence epilepsy. ( Barnes, D; Bowery, NG; Caccia, S; Crunelli, V; Leresche, N; Manning, JP; Richards, DA; Rombola, L, 2003)
"Absence epilepsy is characterised by a paroxysmal loss of consciousness, of abrupt onset and termination, and is associated with a bilateral synchronous spike and wave discharge (SWD) on the electroencephalogram."	1.32	Cortical-area specific block of genetically determined absence seizures by ethosuximide. ( Bowery, NG; Crunelli, V; Leresche, N; Manning, JP; Richards, DA, 2004)
"ethosuximide, an increase after i."	1.31	Opposite effects of T- and L-type Ca(2+) channels blockers in generalized absence epilepsy. ( Elants, C; Scheenen, W; van Luijtelaar, G; Wiaderna, D, 2000)
"To report on the association of childhood absence epilepsy and paroxysmal dyskinesia (PD)."	1.31	Early-onset absence epilepsy and paroxysmal dyskinesia. ( Bernardina, BD; Bhatia, KP; Deonna, T; Guerrini, R; Moreno, T; Parmeggiani, L; Sanchez-Carpintero, R; Santucci, M, 2002)
"Ethosuximide is an alternative medicament that is used for coupling of petit mal, especially in childhood."	1.30	Ethosuximide inducted changes in the gastro-intestinal tract. ( Sirakov, N; Sirakov, V; Uchikov, A; Zagorchev, P, 1998)
"The effects of AEDS on seizures of the tremor rat showed profiles similar to those observed in human absence seizures and also in absence-like seizures of SER."	1.29	Effect of antiepileptic drugs on absence-like seizures in the tremor rat. ( Amano, T; Fujita, Y; Hanaya, R; Matsubayashi, H; Sasa, M; Serikawa, T; Ujihara, H; Uozumi, T, 1995)
"Ethosuximide (ESM) was used as first line drug."	1.29	How long to treat childhood onset absence epilepsy. ( Amit, R; Maytal, J; Vitale, S, 1995)
"In haloperidol-treated epileptic rats, LCMRglc decreased to levels comparable to those measured in untreated control rats."	1.28	Mapping of cerebral energy metabolism in rats with genetic generalized nonconvulsive epilepsy. ( Boyet, S; Marescaux, C; Nehlig, A; Vergnes, M, 1992)
"Only when the epilepsy is uncontrolled despite high plasma concentrations which cannot be raised because of side effects, a second drug should be given."	1.27	[Pharmacotherapy of epilepsy--current problems and controversies]. ( Schmidt, D, 1983)
"Ethosuximide (ESM) was used as the drug of first choice in 43 children, and valproate (VPA) was used first in 4 children; 15 of the patients later received VPA alone or in combination with ESM."	1.27	Absence seizures: valproate or ethosuximide? ( Santavuori, P, 1983)
"A girl, born in 1975, developed severe aplastic anemia in November 1982 while on ethosuximide monotherapy for petit mal epilepsy, about 3 months after starting the ethosuximide medication."	1.27	Aplastic anemia during ethosuximide medication. Treatment with bolus-methylprednisolone. ( Seip, M, 1983)
"Ethosuximide was ineffective against GHB seizure until the third postnatal week of life."	1.27	Ontogeny of gamma-hydroxybutyric acid. II. Electroencephalographic effects. ( Snead, OC, 1984)
"Carbamazepine and phenytoin were ineffective or aggravated the seizures."	1.27	Antiepileptic drug evaluation in a new animal model: spontaneous petit mal epilepsy in the rat. ( Depaulis, A; Marescaux, C; Micheletti, G; Reis, J; Rumbach, L; Vergnes, M; Warter, JM, 1985)
" The dose-response curve for naloxone against seizure activity induced by leucine enkephalin was the same as that in gamma-hydroxybutyrate-induced petit mal."	1.26	Anticonvulsants specific for petit mal antagonize epileptogenic effect of leucine enkephalin. ( Bearden, LJ; Snead, OC, 1980)
"Gamma hydroxybutyrate (GHB) was administered intravenously to monkeys that had been pretreated orally for 2 weeks with various anticonvulsant drugs or with L-DOPA at different dosage levels."	1.26	Gamma hydroxybutyrate in the monkey. II. Effect of chronic oral anticonvulsant drugs. ( Snead, OC, 1978)
" The 3 drugs also show differences in elimination rate, which make it desirable to give valproate 3 times a day and clonazepam twice a day, whereas ethosuximide could reasonably be given once daily without undesirably wide fluctuations in plasma drug level over the dosage interval."	1.26	Pharmacokinetics of drugs used for petit mal 'absence' epilepsy. ( Eadie, MJ; McKauge, L; Smith, GA; Tyrer, JH, 1977)

Research

Studies (223)

Authors

Clinical Trials (3)

Trial Overview

Trial Outcomes

Number of Participants With Attention Deficit as Measured by the Confidence Index of the CPT-II and the K-CPT

Timeframe	Studies, this research(%)	All Research%
pre-1990	111 (49.78)	18.7374
1990's	23 (10.31)	18.2507
2000's	40 (17.94)	29.6817
2010's	41 (18.39)	24.3611
2020's	8 (3.59)	2.80

Authors	Studies
Çarçak, N	2
Karanfil, C	1
Akat, Ş	1
Akman, Ö	1
Onat, F	2
Buschhoff, AS	1
Scherließ, R	1
de Mooij-van Malsen, JG	1
Schiffelholz, T	1
Stephani, U	1
Wulff, P	1
Sanghavi, R	1
Sukumaran, S	1
Mizuno, K	1
Capparelli, EV	2
Fukuda, T	1
Dong, M	1
Adamson, PC	3
Blumer, JL	1
Cnaan, A	4
Clark, PO	3
Reed, MD	1
Shinnar, S	4
Vinks, AA	1
Glauser, TA	5
Canafoglia, L	1
Dettori, MS	1
Duran, D	1
Ragona, F	1
Freri, E	1
Casellato, S	1
Granata, T	1
Franceschetti, S	1
Panzica, F	1
Cao, F	1
Liu, JJ	1
Zhou, S	1
Cortez, MA	2
Snead, OC	5
Han, J	1
Jia, Z	2
Myers, KA	1
Bennett, MF	1
Grinton, BE	1
Dabscheck, G	1
Chan, EK	1
Bello-Espinosa, LE	1
Sadleir, LG	1
D'Alfonso, S	1
Schneider, AL	1
Damiano, JA	1
Hildebrand, MS	1
Bahlo, M	1
Berkovic, SF	2
Buchhalter, J	1
Scheffer, IE	1
Citraro, R	6
Lembo, F	1
De Caro, C	1
Tallarico, M	2
Coretti, L	1
Iannone, LF	1
Leo, A	2
Palumbo, D	1
Cuomo, M	1
Buommino, E	1
Nesci, V	2
Marascio, N	1
Iannone, M	2
Quirino, A	1
Russo, R	1
Calignano, A	1
Constanti, A	4
Russo, E	5
De Sarro, G	4
Brigo, F	3
Igwe, SC	3
Lattanzi, S	2
Martínez-Ferrández, C	1
Martínez-Salcedo, E	1
Casas-Fernández, C	1
Alarcón-Martínez, H	1
Ibáñez-Micó, S	1
Domingo-Jiménez, R	1
Bloch, J	1
Miranda, MJ	1
Maheshwari, A	1
Akbar, A	1
Wang, M	1
Marks, RL	1
Yu, K	1
Park, S	1
Foster, BL	1
Noebels, JL	2
Shinnar, RC	1
Clark, P	1
Dlugos, D	3
Hirtz, DG	3
Hu, F	1
Liu, C	1
Masur, D	3
Weiss, EF	1
Rosati, A	1
Ilvento, L	1
Lucenteforte, E	1
Pugi, A	1
Crescioli, G	1
McGreevy, KS	1
Virgili, G	1
Mugelli, A	1
De Masi, S	1
Guerrini, R	2
Tachibana, K	1
Hamada, T	1
Tsuchiya, H	1
Shibata, T	1
Fujii, K	1
Kobayashi, K	3
Iwatsuki, K	1
Tenney, JR	1
Kadis, DS	1
Agler, W	1
Rozhkov, L	1
Altaye, M	1
Xiang, J	1
Vannest, J	1
Pawluski, JL	1
Kuchenbuch, M	1
Hadjadj, S	1
Dieuset, G	1
Costet, N	1
Vercueil, L	1
Biraben, A	1
Martin, B	1
Kessler, SK	1
McGinnis, E	1
Morse, E	1
Giblin, K	2
Chung, MH	1
Dohle, C	1
Berg, AT	1
Blumenfeld, H	4
Miyamoto, H	1
Tatsukawa, T	1
Shimohata, A	1
Yamagata, T	1
Suzuki, T	1
Amano, K	1
Mazaki, E	1
Raveau, M	1
Ogiwara, I	1
Oba-Asaka, A	1
Hensch, TK	1
Itohara, S	1
Sakimura, K	1
Yamakawa, K	1
Werbel, T	1
Castrovinci, P	1
Contestable, J	1
Caro, C	1
Palma, E	1
Sarro, G	1
Dezsi, G	1
Ozturk, E	1
Stanic, D	1
Powell, KL	1
O'Brien, TJ	1
Jones, NC	1
Desai, J	1
Mitchell, WG	1
van Luijtelaar, G	4
Mishra, AM	1
Edelbroek, P	1
Coman, D	1
Frankenmolen, N	1
Schaapsmeerders, P	1
Covolato, G	1
Danielson, N	1
Niermann, H	1
Janeczko, K	1
Kiemeneij, A	1
Burinov, J	1
Bashyal, C	2
Coquillette, M	1
Lüttjohann, A	1
Hyder, F	1
van Rijn, CM	1
Posner, E	6
Yau, M	1
Rao, N	1
Nimkarn, S	1
Vogiatzi, M	1
Pires, NM	1
Bonifácio, MJ	1
Soares-da-Silva, P	1
Bomben, VC	1
Aiba, I	1
Qian, J	1
Mark, MD	1
Herlitze, S	1
IJff, DM	1
van Veenendaal, TM	1
Debeij-van Hall, MH	1
Jansen, JF	1
de Louw, AJ	1
Majoie, MH	1
Aldenkamp, AP	1
De Fazio, S	3
Marra, R	1
Gitto, R	1
Chimirri, A	1
Di Paola, ED	3
Polack, PO	1
Charpier, S	1
Shaw, FZ	3
Chuang, SH	1
Shieh, KR	1
Wang, YJ	1
Sarkisova, KY	1
Kuznetsova, GD	1
Kulikov, MA	1
Crespel, A	1
Velizarova, R	1
Agullo, M	1
Gélisse, P	1
Penovich, PE	1
Willmore, LJ	1
Scicchitano, F	3
Gülhan Aker, R	1
Tezcan, K	1
Sakalli, E	1
Akin, D	1
Onat, FY	2
Vining, EP	1
Arzimanoglou, A	1
Ryvlin, P	1
Perucca, E	1
Verrotti, A	2
Coppola, G	2
D'Egidio, C	1
Parisi, P	2
Chiarelli, F	2
Potera, C	1
Olivieri, C	1
Agostinelli, S	1
Grosso, S	1
Spalice, A	1
Zamponi, N	1
Franzoni, E	1
Iannetti, P	1
Curatolo, P	1
Perrotta, I	1
Perrota, I	1
Chien, J	1
Chen, SD	1
Yeh, KH	1
Huang, YH	1
Hwang, H	1
Kim, H	1
Kim, SH	2
Lim, BC	1
Chae, JH	1
Choi, JE	1
Kim, KJ	1
Hwang, YS	1
Wilde, M	1
van Rijn, C	1
Farooque, P	1
Goraya, J	1
Valencia, I	1
Carvalho, KS	1
Hardison, HH	1
Legido, A	1
Khurana, DS	1
Anyanwu, C	1
Ghavami, F	1
Schuelein, M	1
Motamedi, GK	1
Sanchez-Carpintero, R	1
Deonna, T	1
Santucci, M	1
Bhatia, KP	1
Moreno, T	1
Parmeggiani, L	1
Bernardina, BD	1
Ono, T	1
Hattori, H	1
Richards, DA	2
Manning, JP	2
Barnes, D	1
Rombola, L	1
Bowery, NG	2
Caccia, S	1
Leresche, N	3
Crunelli, V	3
Posner, EB	3
Mohamed, K	3
Marson, AG	3
HEATHFIELD, KW	2
JEWESBURY, EC	2
LUGARESI, E	1
VOLTERRA, V	1
GOETT, H	1
HERRLIN, KM	2
SUTTER, M	1
SABATINI, R	1
SAINT-JEAN, M	1
SZULC-KUBERSKA, J	1
SCHOLL, ML	1
SPIEL, W	1
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CURRIER, RD	1
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Trial	Phase	Enrollment	Study Type	Start Date	Status
Childhood Absence Epilepsy Rx PK-PD-Pharmacogenetics Study[NCT00088452]	Phase 3	453 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2004-07-31	Completed
Localizing Functional Brain Cortices and Epileptogenic Zones With High Frequency Brain Signals[NCT00600717]		420 participants (Anticipated)	Observational	2000-11-01	Enrolling by invitation
A Randomized, Parallel-group，Placebo-controlled, Double-blind Clinical Trial to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Ethosuximide in Chinese Patients With Treatment-Resistant Depression.[NCT03887624]	Early Phase 1	16 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2019-05-21	Terminated (stopped due to Participates could not stand the side effects)
[information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024]

A Confidence Index of 0.60 or higher on the Conners' Continuous Performance Test at the visit at 16 or 20 weeks or at an earlier visit when treatment was discontinued (as long as the discontinuation occurred 1 month or more after the baseline visit and was not due to intolerable adverse events). A Confidence Index of 0.60 corresponds to a 60% probability that the child has clinical attention deficit disorder. (NCT00088452)
Timeframe: First 16-20 weeks of double blind therapy

Number of Participants With Freedom From Treatment Failure at 12 Months of Double Blind Therapy

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
Ethosuximide	35
Lamotrigine	25
Valproic Acid	52

Treatment failure was defined as persistence of absence seizures at 12 months of double blind therapy, a generalized tonic-clonic seizure at any time, excessive drug-related systemic toxicity, a moderately severe rash (possibly drug-related), pancreatitis, or increase in the body-mass index of at least 3.0 from baseline, dose-limiting toxicity after a single downward dose modification, or withdrawal initiated by the parent or physician. (NCT00088452)
Timeframe: First 12 months of double blind therapy

Number of Participants With Freedom From Treatment Failure at 16-20 Weeks of Double Blind Therapy

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
Ethosuximide	70
Lamotrigine	31
Valproic Acid	64

Treatment failure was defined as persistence of absence seizures at week 16 or week 20, a generalized tonic-clonic seizure at any time, excessive drug-related systemic toxicity, a moderately severe rash (possibly drug-related), pancreatitis, or increase in the body-mass index of at least 3.0 from baseline, dose-limiting toxicity after a single downward dose modification, or withdrawal initiated by the parent or physician. (NCT00088452)
Timeframe: First 16-20 weeks of double blind therapy

Article	Year
Ethosuximide, sodium valproate or lamotrigine for absence seizures in children and adolescents. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2021, 01-21, Volume: 1 Topics: Adolescent; Anticonvulsants; Child; Epilepsy, Absence; Ethosuximide; Female; Humans; Lamotrigine; Ma	2021
[Scientific evidence on treatment and prognosis of childhood absence epilepsy]. Ugeskrift for laeger, 2017, Mar-27, Volume: 179, Issue:13 Topics: Anticonvulsants; Child; Cognition Disorders; Comorbidity; Electroencephalography; Epilepsy, Absence;	2017
Comparative efficacy of antiepileptic drugs in children and adolescents: A network meta-analysis. Epilepsia, 2018, Volume: 59, Issue:2 Topics: Adolescent; Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Anticonvulsants; Carbamazepine; Ch	2018
A Practical Guide to Treatment of Childhood Absence Epilepsy. Paediatric drugs, 2019, Volume: 21, Issue:1 Topics: Anticonvulsants; Child; Child, Preschool; Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions; Electroen	2019
Ethosuximide, sodium valproate or lamotrigine for absence seizures in children and adolescents. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2019, 02-08, Volume: 2 Topics: Adolescent; Anticonvulsants; Child; Epilepsy, Absence; Ethosuximide; Humans; Lamotrigine; Randomized	2019
Historical trend toward improved long-term outcome in childhood absence epilepsy. Epilepsy research, 2019, Volume: 152 Topics: Anticonvulsants; Child; Child, Preschool; Epilepsy, Absence; Ethosuximide; Female; History, 21st Cen	2019
Absence seizures in children. BMJ clinical evidence, 2013, Dec-18, Volume: 2013 Topics: Acute Disease; Anticonvulsants; Child; Epilepsy, Absence; Ethosuximide; Evidence-Based Medicine; Hum	2013
Ethosuximide, sodium valproate or lamotrigine for absence seizures in children and adolescents. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2017, 02-14, Volume: 2 Topics: Adolescent; Anticonvulsants; Child; Epilepsy, Absence; Ethosuximide; Humans; Lamotrigine; Randomized	2017
Absence seizures in children. BMJ clinical evidence, 2008, Jan-10, Volume: 2008 Topics: Acute Disease; Anticonvulsants; Child; Epilepsy, Absence; Ethosuximide; Evidence-Based Medicine; Hum	2008
[Childhood absence epilepsy(pyknolepsy)]. Ryoikibetsu shokogun shirizu, 2002, Issue:37 Pt 6 Topics: Child; Child, Preschool; Diagnosis, Differential; Epilepsy, Absence; Ethosuximide; Humans; Prognosis	2002
[Juvenile absence epilepsy(JAE)]. Ryoikibetsu shokogun shirizu, 2002, Issue:37 Pt 6 Topics: Adolescent; Diagnosis, Differential; Epilepsy, Absence; Ethosuximide; Humans; Prognosis; Valproic Ac	2002
Absence seizures in children. Clinical evidence, 2002, Issue:8 Topics: Acetates; Amines; Anticonvulsants; Child; Cyclohexanecarboxylic Acids; Epilepsy, Absence; Ethosuximi	2002
Ethosuximide, sodium valproate or lamotrigine for absence seizures in children and adolescents. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2003, Issue:3 Topics: Adolescent; Anticonvulsants; Child; Epilepsy, Absence; Ethosuximide; Humans; Lamotrigine; Randomized	2003
Absence seizures in children. Clinical evidence, 2003, Issue:10 Topics: Amines; Anticonvulsants; Child; Cyclohexanecarboxylic Acids; Epilepsy, Absence; Ethosuximide; Gabape	2003
[Childhood and juvenile absence epilepsy. Treatment and prognosis]. Ugeskrift for laeger, 2004, Nov-08, Volume: 166, Issue:46 Topics: Anticonvulsants; Child; Child Development; Child, Preschool; Cognition; Epilepsy, Absence; Ethosuxim	2004
Absence seizures in children. Clinical evidence, 2004, Issue:11 Topics: Adolescent; Amines; Anticonvulsants; Child; Cyclohexanecarboxylic Acids; Epilepsy, Absence; Ethosuxi	2004
A systematic review of treatment of typical absence seizures in children and adolescents with ethosuximide, sodium valproate or lamotrigine. Seizure, 2005, Volume: 14, Issue:2 Topics: Anticonvulsants; Child; Epilepsy, Absence; Ethosuximide; Humans; Lamotrigine; Randomized Controlled	2005
Absence seizures in children. Clinical evidence, 2005, Issue:13 Topics: Adolescent; Amines; Anticonvulsants; Child; Child, Preschool; Cyclohexanecarboxylic Acids; Epilepsy,	2005
Ethosuximide, sodium valproate or lamotrigine for absence seizures in children and adolescents. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2005, Oct-19, Issue:4 Topics: Adolescent; Anticonvulsants; Child; Epilepsy, Absence; Ethosuximide; Humans; Lamotrigine; Randomized	2005
Ethosuximide: from bench to bedside. CNS drug reviews, 2007,Summer, Volume: 13, Issue:2 Topics: Animals; Anticonvulsants; Child; Child, Preschool; Epilepsy, Absence; Epilepsy, Generalized; Ethosux	2007
Aplastic anemia following therapy for absence seizures with ethosuximide. Pediatric neurology, 1994, Volume: 11, Issue:1 Topics: Anemia, Aplastic; Blood Cell Count; Bone Marrow Transplantation; Child; Drug Monitoring; Epilepsy, A	1994
The pharmacological treatment of epilepsy. South African medical journal = Suid-Afrikaanse tydskrif vir geneeskunde, 1979, Oct-06, Volume: 56, Issue:15 Topics: Anticonvulsants; Carbamazepine; Child, Preschool; Clonazepam; Drug Therapy, Combination; Epilepsies,	1979
Use of ethosuximide and valproate in the treatment of epilepsy. Neurologic clinics, 1986, Volume: 4, Issue:3 Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Brain Diseases; Drug Interactions; Epilepsies, Myoclonic; Epilepsies, P	1986
Treatment and prognosis of petit mal epilepsy. Pediatric clinics of North America, 1967, Volume: 14, Issue:4 Topics: Acetazolamide; Anticonvulsants; Child; Child, Preschool; Drug Synergism; Epilepsy, Absence; Ethosuxi	1967
[Anticonvulsants. 8. Petit mal in children]. Lakartidningen, 1971, Oct-18, Volume: 68 Topics: Child; Child, Preschool; Electroencephalography; Epilepsy, Absence; Ethosuximide; Humans	1971

Article	Year
Model-Informed Precision Dosing Guidance of Ethosuximide Developed from a Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial of Childhood Absence Epilepsy. Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics, 2023, Volume: 114, Issue:2 Topics: Anticonvulsants; Epilepsy, Absence; Ethosuximide; Humans; Seizures; Valproic Acid	2023
Pretreatment behavior and subsequent medication effects in childhood absence epilepsy. Neurology, 2017, Oct-17, Volume: 89, Issue:16 Topics: Adolescent; Anticonvulsants; Checklist; Child; Child Behavior Disorders; Child, Preschool; Cross-Ove	2017
Ethosuximide, valproic acid, and lamotrigine in childhood absence epilepsy. The New England journal of medicine, 2010, Mar-04, Volume: 362, Issue:9 Topics: Adolescent; Analysis of Variance; Anticonvulsants; Attention Deficit and Disruptive Behavior Disorde	2010
Ethosuximide, valproic acid, and lamotrigine in childhood absence epilepsy: initial monotherapy outcomes at 12 months. Epilepsia, 2013, Volume: 54, Issue:1 Topics: Age Factors; Anticonvulsants; Child; Child, Preschool; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Double-Blin	2013
Beneficial effects of antiepileptic medication on absence seizures and cognitive functioning in children. Epilepsy & behavior : E&B, 2007, Volume: 11, Issue:1 Topics: Adolescent; Anticonvulsants; Asthma; Attention; Child; Child, Preschool; Cognition; Discrimination,	2007
Controlled and comparative trials with valproate: United States. Epilepsia, 1984, Volume: 25 Suppl 1 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Child; Child, Preschool; Clinical Trials as Topic; Epilepsy; Epilepsy, Absence; E	1984
Valproic acid versus ethosuximide in the treatment of absence seizures. Neurology, 1982, Volume: 32, Issue:2 Topics: Adolescent; Child; Child, Preschool; Clinical Trials as Topic; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Dou	1982
Comparative study of ethosuximide and sodium valproate in the treatment of typical absence seizures (petit mal). Developmental medicine and child neurology, 1982, Volume: 24, Issue:6 Topics: Acute Disease; Adolescent; Adult; Child; Child, Preschool; Clinical Trials as Topic; Epilepsy, Absen	1982
Dramatic effect of ethosuximide on epileptic negative myoclonus: implications for the neurophysiological mechanism. Neuropediatrics, 1998, Volume: 29, Issue:1 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Anticonvulsants; Carbamazepine; Cerebral Cortex; Child; Child, Preschool; Electro	1998
Ethosuximide and bicuculline inhibition in petit mal epilepsy. Neurologia, neurocirugia, psiquiatria, 1977, Volume: 18, Issue:2-3 Suppl Topics: Animals; Bicuculline; Cats; Clinical Trials as Topic; Epilepsy, Absence; Ethosuximide; Evoked Potent	1977
Valproic acid (Depakene). A new anticonvulsant agent. JAMA, 1978, Nov-10, Volume: 240, Issue:20 Topics: Animals; Child; Clinical Trials as Topic; Drug Evaluation; Drug Interactions; Epilepsies, Myoclonic;	1978
Ethosuximide in the treatment of absence (peptit mal) seizures. Neurology, 1975, Volume: 25, Issue:6 Topics: Adolescent; Child; Child, Preschool; Clinical Trials as Topic; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Ele	1975
Ethosuximide dosage regimens. Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics, 1976, Volume: 19, Issue:2 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Child; Clinical Trials as Topic; Drug Administration Schedule; Epilepsy, Absence;	1976
Evaluation of treatment in typical absence seizures. The roles of long-term EEG monitoring and ethosuximide. Acta paediatrica Scandinavica, 1985, Volume: 74, Issue:3 Topics: Child; Child, Preschool; Clinical Trials as Topic; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Electroencephal	1985
[Clinical trials with ethosuximide (Zarontin) in therapy-resistant epileptics]. No to shinkei = Brain and nerve, 1965, Volume: 17, Issue:9 Topics: Clinical Trials as Topic; Epilepsy, Absence; Ethosuximide; Humans	1965
[Therapy of generalized epilepsies using Acrisuxine]. Revue neurologique, 1969, Volume: 120, Issue:6 Topics: Behavior; Child; Clinical Trials as Topic; Electroencephalography; Epilepsy, Absence; Epilepsy, Toni	1969

Article	Year
The effect of chronic treatment with sodium channel blocker lacosamide on early development of absence seizures in genetic absence epilepsy rats. Epilepsy research, 2022, Volume: 182 Topics: Animals; Electroencephalography; Epilepsy, Absence; Ethosuximide; Lacosamide; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Se	2022
Intrathecal application of ethosuximide is highly efficient in suppressing seizures in a genetic model of absence epilepsy. Epilepsy research, 2022, Volume: 184 Topics: Animals; Disease Models, Animal; Electroencephalography; Epilepsy, Absence; Epilepsy, Generalized; E	2022
Drug-Induced Lupus in Association With Ethosuximide Therapy in an 11-Year-Old Child. Pediatric neurology, 2023, Volume: 143 Topics: Anticonvulsants; Child; Epilepsy, Absence; Ethosuximide; Humans; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic	2023
Early clinical and EEG findings associated with the outcome in childhood absence epilepsy. Epilepsy & behavior : E&B, 2019, Volume: 98, Issue:Pt A Topics: Adolescent; Anticonvulsants; Child; Child, Preschool; Electroencephalography; Epilepsy, Absence; Eth	2019
Neuroligin 2 regulates absence seizures and behavioral arrests through GABAergic transmission within the thalamocortical circuitry. Nature communications, 2020, 07-27, Volume: 11, Issue:1 Topics: Action Potentials; Animals; Anxiety; Behavior, Animal; Cell Adhesion Molecules, Neuronal; Electrodes	2020
Contribution of rare genetic variants to drug response in absence epilepsy. Epilepsy research, 2021, Volume: 170 Topics: Anticonvulsants; Epilepsy, Absence; Ethosuximide; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Humans; Pharmaceutical Pr	2021
First evidence of altered microbiota and intestinal damage and their link to absence epilepsy in a genetic animal model, the WAG/Rij rat. Epilepsia, 2021, Volume: 62, Issue:2 Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anticonvulsants; Bacteroidetes; Butyrates; Colon; Disease Models, An	2021
Long-term prognosis of childhood absence epilepsy. Neurologia, 2019, Volume: 34, Issue:4 Topics: Adolescent; Anticonvulsants; Child; Disease Progression; Epilepsy, Absence; Ethosuximide; Female; Hu	2019
Persistent aberrant cortical phase-amplitude coupling following seizure treatment in absence epilepsy models. The Journal of physiology, 2017, 12-01, Volume: 595, Issue:23 Topics: Animals; Anticonvulsants; Brain Waves; Calcium Channels; Calcium Channels, N-Type; Cerebral Cortex;	2017
Ethosuximide-induced Stevens-Johnson syndrome: Beneficial effect of early intervention with high-dose corticosteroid therapy. The Journal of dermatology, 2018, Volume: 45, Issue:5 Topics: Administration, Intravenous; Anticonvulsants; Biopsy; Child, Preschool; Diagnosis, Differential; Dos	2018
Ictal connectivity in childhood absence epilepsy: Associations with outcome. Epilepsia, 2018, Volume: 59, Issue:5 Topics: Anticonvulsants; Brain; Child; Drug Resistance; Electroencephalography; Epilepsy, Absence; Ethosuxim	2018
Long-term negative impact of an inappropriate first antiepileptic medication on the efficacy of a second antiepileptic medication in mice. Epilepsia, 2018, Volume: 59, Issue:7 Topics: Animals; Anticonvulsants; Disease Models, Animal; Drug Therapy, Combination; Electroencephalography;	2018
Impaired cortico-striatal excitatory transmission triggers epilepsy. Nature communications, 2019, 04-23, Volume: 10, Issue:1 Topics: Action Potentials; Animals; Anticonvulsants; Corpus Striatum; Dioxoles; Electroencephalography; Epil	2019
Ethosuximide-induced drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms with mediastinal lymphadenopathy. Pediatric dermatology, 2019, Volume: 36, Issue:4 Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Biopsy, Needle; Child; Drug Hypersensitivity Syndrome; Eosinophilia; Epilep	2019
Antiepileptogenic effects of Ethosuximide and Levetiracetam in WAG/Rij rats are only temporary. Pharmacological reports : PR, 2019, Volume: 71, Issue:5 Topics: Animals; Anticonvulsants; Behavior, Animal; Depression; Disease Models, Animal; Duration of Therapy;	2019
Ethosuximide reduces epileptogenesis and behavioral comorbidity in the GAERS model of genetic generalized epilepsy. Epilepsia, 2013, Volume: 54, Issue:4 Topics: Aging; Animals; Anticonvulsants; Anxiety; Behavior, Animal; Body Weight; Brain; DNA (Cytosine-5-)-Me	2013
Assessment of control in typical childhood absence epilepsy. Journal of child neurology, 2013, Volume: 28, Issue:5 Topics: Anticonvulsants; Child; Data Collection; Electroencephalography; Epilepsy, Absence; Ethosuximide; Fo	2013
Anti-epileptogenesis: Electrophysiology, diffusion tensor imaging and behavior in a genetic absence model. Neurobiology of disease, 2013, Volume: 60 Topics: Animals; Anticonvulsants; Behavior, Animal; Brain; Depression; Diffusion Tensor Imaging; Disease Mod	2013
Effect of ethosuximide on cortisol metabolism in the treatment of congenital adrenal hyperplasia. Journal of pediatric endocrinology & metabolism : JPEM, 2014, Volume: 27, Issue:5-6 Topics: Adrenal Hyperplasia, Congenital; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Anticonvulsants; Child; Drug Interactions	2014
Carbamazepine aggravates absence seizures in two dedicated mouse models. Pharmacological reports : PR, 2015, Volume: 67, Issue:5 Topics: 4-Butyrolactone; Animals; Anticonvulsants; Calcium Channels, T-Type; Carbamazepine; Dose-Response Re	2015
Isolated P/Q Calcium Channel Deletion in Layer VI Corticothalamic Neurons Generates Absence Epilepsy. The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience, 2016, Jan-13, Volume: 36, Issue:2 Topics: Animals; Anticonvulsants; Calcium Channels, N-Type; Disease Models, Animal; Epilepsy, Absence; Ethos	2016
The Cognitive Profile of Ethosuximide in Children. Paediatric drugs, 2016, Volume: 18, Issue:5 Topics: Adolescent; Anticonvulsants; Child; Cognition; Cross-Sectional Studies; Epilepsy, Absence; Ethosuxim	2016
Enhancement of anti-absence effects of ethosuximide by low doses of a noncompetitive alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptor antagonist in a genetic animal model of absence epilepsy. Epilepsy & behavior : E&B, 2008, Volume: 13, Issue:2 Topics: alpha-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic Acid; Animals; Anticonvulsants; Cerebral Cortex;	2008
Ethosuximide converts ictogenic neurons initiating absence seizures into normal neurons in a genetic model. Epilepsia, 2009, Volume: 50, Issue:7 Topics: Action Potentials; Animals; Brain Mapping; Cerebral Cortex; Electrodes, Implanted; Electroencephalog	2009
Depression- and anxiety-like behaviors of a rat model with absence epileptic discharges. Neuroscience, 2009, May-05, Volume: 160, Issue:2 Topics: Action Potentials; Animals; Anticonvulsants; Anxiety; Depression; Disease Models, Animal; Epilepsy,	2009
Spike-wave discharges are necessary for the expression of behavioral depression-like symptoms. Epilepsia, 2010, Volume: 51, Issue:1 Topics: Animals; Anticonvulsants; Antidepressive Agents; Behavior, Animal; Depression; Depressive Disorder;	2010
Ethosuximide-induced de novo systemic lupus erythematosus with anti-double-strand DNA antibodies: a case report with definite evidence. Epilepsia, 2009, Volume: 50, Issue:8 Topics: Antibodies, Antinuclear; Anticonvulsants; Epilepsy, Absence; Ethosuximide; Female; Humans; Lupus Ery	2009
Use of a new antiepileptic drug or an old one as first drug for treatment of absence epilepsy. Epilepsia, 2009, Volume: 50 Suppl 8 Topics: Anticonvulsants; Drug Monitoring; Epilepsy, Absence; Ethosuximide; Humans; Lamotrigine; Treatment Ou	2009
Comparison of the antiepileptogenic effects of an early long-term treatment with ethosuximide or levetiracetam in a genetic animal model of absence epilepsy. Epilepsia, 2010, Volume: 51, Issue:8 Topics: Age Factors; Analysis of Variance; Animals; Anticonvulsants; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D	2010
Localized cortical injections of ethosuximide suppress spike-and-wave activity and reduce the resistance to kindling in genetic absence epilepsy rats (GAERS). Epilepsy research, 2010, Volume: 89, Issue:1 Topics: Amygdala; Analysis of Variance; Animals; Anticonvulsants; Cerebral Cortex; Disease Models, Animal; E	2010
Ethosuximide in childhood absence epilepsy--older and better. The New England journal of medicine, 2010, Mar-04, Volume: 362, Issue:9 Topics: Anticonvulsants; Child; Diagnosis, Differential; Epilepsy, Absence; Epilepsy, Tonic-Clonic; Ethosuxi	2010
When the past challenges the present: are older antiepileptic drugs still the best choice in childhood absence epilepsy? The Lancet. Neurology, 2010, Volume: 9, Issue:5 Topics: Anticonvulsants; Child; Epilepsy, Absence; Ethosuximide; Humans; Randomized Controlled Trials as Top	2010
Gastaut type-idiopathic childhood occipital epilepsy and childhood absence epilepsy: a clinically significant association? Seizure, 2010, Volume: 19, Issue:6 Topics: Anticonvulsants; Blindness; Child; Electroencephalography; Epilepsy; Epilepsy, Absence; Ethosuximide	2010
An older drug for childhood absence epilepsy. The American journal of nursing, 2010, Volume: 110, Issue:6 Topics: Anticonvulsants; Child; Electroencephalography; Epilepsy, Absence; Ethosuximide; Humans; Lamotrigine	2010
Long term outcome in children affected by absence epilepsy with onset before the age of three years. Epilepsy & behavior : E&B, 2011, Volume: 20, Issue:2 Topics: Adolescent; Age of Onset; Anticonvulsants; Child; Child, Preschool; Cognition; Epilepsy, Absence; Et	2011
Effects of early long-term treatment with antiepileptic drugs on development of seizures and depressive-like behavior in a rat genetic absence epilepsy model. Epilepsia, 2011, Volume: 52, Issue:7 Topics: Animals; Anticonvulsants; Brain; Carbamazepine; Depression; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Electr	2011
Ethosuximide-induced mania in a 10-year-old boy. Epilepsy & behavior : E&B, 2011, Volume: 21, Issue:4 Topics: Bipolar Disorder; Child; Epilepsy, Absence; Ethosuximide; Humans; Male; Psychoses, Substance-Induced	2011
Effect of intracranial administration of ethosuximide in rats with spontaneous or pentylenetetrazol-induced spike-wave discharges. Epilepsia, 2011, Volume: 52, Issue:7 Topics: Animals; Anticonvulsants; Brain; Disease Models, Animal; Epilepsy, Absence; Ethosuximide; Infusions,	2011
Long-term effectiveness of ethosuximide, valproic acid, and lamotrigine in childhood absence epilepsy. Brain & development, 2012, Volume: 34, Issue:5 Topics: Adolescent; Anticonvulsants; Child; Child, Preschool; Electroencephalography; Epilepsy, Absence; Eth	2012
Does antiepileptogenesis affect sleep in genetic epileptic rats? International journal of psychophysiology : official journal of the International Organization of Psychophysiology, 2012, Volume: 85, Issue:1 Topics: Animals; Anticonvulsants; Brain; Depression; Disease Models, Animal; Electrodes, Implanted; Electroe	2012
Early-onset childhood absence epilepsy: is it a distinct entity? Epileptic disorders : international epilepsy journal with videotape, 2011, Volume: 13, Issue:4 Topics: Age Factors; Age of Onset; Anticonvulsants; Child; Child Development; Child, Preschool; Cohort Studi	2011
Ethosuximide-induced conversion of typical childhood absence to Rolandic spikes. Journal of child neurology, 2013, Volume: 28, Issue:1 Topics: Anticonvulsants; Child; Electroencephalography; Epilepsy, Absence; Epilepsy, Rolandic; Ethosuximide;	2013
Early-onset absence epilepsy and paroxysmal dyskinesia. Epilepsia, 2002, Volume: 43, Issue:10 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Age of Onset; Anticonvulsants; Child; Child, Preschool; Chorea; Comorbidity; Elec	2002
Is spontaneous high-voltage rhythmic spike discharge in Long Evans rats an absence-like seizure activity? Journal of neurophysiology, 2004, Volume: 91, Issue:1 Topics: Animals; Anticonvulsants; Arousal; Behavior, Animal; Cerebral Cortex; Disease Models, Animal; Electr	2004
Targeting thalamic nuclei is not sufficient for the full anti-absence action of ethosuximide in a rat model of absence epilepsy. Epilepsy research, 2003, Volume: 54, Issue:2-3 Topics: Animals; Anticonvulsants; Disease Models, Animal; Drug Delivery Systems; Epilepsy, Absence; Ethosuxi	2003
Treatment of petit mal with ethosuximide. British medical journal, 1961, Aug-26, Volume: 2, Issue:5251 Topics: Anticoagulants; Epilepsy; Epilepsy, Absence; Ethosuximide	1961
[1st observations on a new drug against "petit mal": PM-671 or Zarontin]. La Clinica pediatrica, 1960, Volume: 42 Topics: Anticonvulsants; Epilepsy; Epilepsy, Absence; Ethosuximide	1960
[The treatment of pyknolepsy with a new succinimide compound (PM 671-"zarontin")]. Zeitschrift fur Kinderheilkunde, 1960, Volume: 84 Topics: Anticonvulsants; Epilepsy; Epilepsy, Absence; Ethosuximide; Succinimides	1960
[Ethosuximide in the treatment of oxazolidineresistant petit mal epilepsy]. Nordisk medicin, 1963, Mar-14, Volume: 69 Topics: Anticonvulsants; Epilepsy; Epilepsy, Absence; Ethosuximide; Humans; Pyrrolidinones	1963
[Significant amelioration of a severe epilepsy by A.C.T.H. Favorable symptomatic action of Zarontin]. Pediatrie, 1963, Volume: 18 Topics: Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Anticonvulsants; Epilepsy; Epilepsy, Absence; Ethosuximide; Humans	1963
[Treatment of petit mal epilepsy with 3-ethyl-3-methylsuccinimide (Zarontin, Suxinutin)]. Polski tygodnik lekarski (Warsaw, Poland : 1960), 1963, Jan-01, Volume: 18 Topics: Anticonvulsants; Epilepsy; Epilepsy, Absence; Ethosuximide; Humans	1963
CURRENT CONCEPTS IN THERAPY: TREATMENT OF SEIZURE DISORDERS (EPILEPSY). (CONCLUDED FROM DECEMBER 12). The New England journal of medicine, 1963, Dec-26, Volume: 269 Topics: Acetazolamide; Anticonvulsants; Child; Chlordiazepoxide; Dextroamphetamine; Epilepsy; Epilepsy, Abse	1963
[THERAPEUTIC EXPERIENCES WITH A SUCCINIMIDE DERIVATIVE IN THE FORM OF A SYRUP]. Wiener medizinische Wochenschrift (1946), 1963, Sep-28, Volume: 113 Topics: Anticonvulsants; Epilepsy; Epilepsy, Absence; Ethosuximide; Humans; Succinimides	1963
[PRESENT-DAY TREATMENT OF PETIT MAL]. La Revue du praticien, 1963, Nov-21, Volume: 13 Topics: Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Anticonvulsants; Child; Electroencephalography; Epilepsy; Epilepsy, Abs	1963
[ERYTHEMA EXSUDATIVUM MULTIFORME MAJUS (STEVENS-JOHNSON SYNDROME) DUE TO SUXINUTIN HYPERSENSITIVITY]. Zeitschrift fur Kinderheilkunde, 1963, Dec-04, Volume: 88 Topics: Adolescent; Anticonvulsants; Child; Drug Eruptions; Drug Hypersensitivity; Epilepsy; Epilepsy, Absen	1963
[ETHOSUXIMIDE (ZARONDAN) IN THE TREATMENT OF PETIT MAL EPILEPSY AND RELATED SEIZURES]. Ugeskrift for laeger, 1964, Feb-13, Volume: 126 Topics: Anticonvulsants; Electroencephalography; Epilepsy; Epilepsy, Absence; Ethosuximide; Humans; Seizures	1964
CONVULSIONS IN INFANCY AND CHILDHOOD. Pediatric clinics of North America, 1963, Volume: 10 Topics: Anticonvulsants; Child; Electroencephalography; Encephalitis; Epilepsy; Epilepsy, Absence; Epilepsy,	1963
ZARONTIN (ETHOSUXIMIDE) IN THE TREATMENT OF PETIT MAL AND RELATED DISORDERS. Epilepsia, 1964, Volume: 5 Topics: Adolescent; Anticonvulsants; Biomedical Research; Child; Denmark; Drug Therapy; Epilepsy; Epilepsy,	1964
ETHOSUXIMIDE (ALPHA-ETHYL-ALPHA-METHYLSUCCINIMIDE) AND GRAND MAL. Epilepsia, 1964, Volume: 5 Topics: Anticonvulsants; Biomedical Research; Drug Therapy; Electroencephalography; Epilepsy; Epilepsy, Abse	1964
TREATMENT OF PETIT MAL WITH ETHOSUXIMIDE: FOLLOW-UP REPORT. British medical journal, 1964, Sep-05, Volume: 2, Issue:5409 Topics: Anticonvulsants; Epilepsy; Epilepsy, Absence; Ethosuximide; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Pregn	1964
HINTS ON SEIZURE MANAGEMENT. GP, 1964, Volume: 30 Topics: Anticonvulsants; Drug Therapy; Epilepsy; Epilepsy, Absence; Epilepsy, Tonic-Clonic; Ethosuximide; Hu	1964
CERTAIN BASIC CONCEPTS CONCERNING THE TREATMENT OF THE EPILEPSIES. The British journal of clinical practice, 1964, Volume: 18 Topics: Amphetamine; Anticonvulsants; Barbiturates; Child; Drug Therapy; Electroencephalography; Epilepsy; E	1964
NOTE ON THE INTERACTIONS OF AMPHETAMINE WITH ANTICONVULSANT DRUGS. Acta pharmacologica et toxicologica, 1964, Volume: 21 Topics: Amphetamine; Amphetamines; Animals; Anticonvulsants; Electricity; Electroshock; Epilepsy; Epilepsy,	1964
TREATMENT OF PETIT MAL WITH ETHOSUXIMIDE. Developmental medicine and child neurology, 1964, Volume: 6 Topics: Adolescent; Child; Drug Therapy; Electroencephalography; Epilepsy; Epilepsy, Absence; Ethosuximide;	1964
[PANMYELOPATHY DUE TO THE TREATMENT OF RETROPULSIVE PETIT MAL EPILEPSY WITH SUXINUTIN AND ITS CURE]. Kinderarztliche Praxis, 1965, Volume: 33 Topics: Anemia; Anemia, Aplastic; Bone Marrow Diseases; Child; Epilepsy; Epilepsy, Absence; Ethosuximide; Hu	1965
Cortical-area specific block of genetically determined absence seizures by ethosuximide. Neuroscience, 2004, Volume: 123, Issue:1 Topics: Animals; Epilepsy, Absence; Ethosuximide; Motor Cortex; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Somatosensory Cortex	2004
Uptake of GABA and activity of GABA transaminase in blood platelets from children with absence epilepsy. Neurochemical research, 2004, Volume: 29, Issue:10 Topics: 4-Aminobutyrate Transaminase; Adolescent; Blood Platelets; Child; Child, Preschool; Dose-Response Re	2004
Anticonvulsant medications extend worm life-span. Science (New York, N.Y.), 2005, Jan-14, Volume: 307, Issue:5707 Topics: Aging; Aldicarb; Animals; Anticonvulsants; Caenorhabditis elegans; Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins;	2005
Development of a new genetic model for absence epilepsy: spike-wave seizures in C3H/He and backcross mice. The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience, 2005, Mar-30, Volume: 25, Issue:13 Topics: Analysis of Variance; Animals; Anticonvulsants; Brain Mapping; Chromosome Mapping; Disease Models, A	2005
The effects of ethosuximide on amino acids in genetic absence epilepsy rat model. Journal of pharmacological sciences, 2006, Volume: 100, Issue:3 Topics: Animals; Anticonvulsants; Disease Models, Animal; Electroencephalography; Epilepsy, Absence; Ethosux	2006
Imaging the neural substrates involved in the genesis of pentylenetetrazol-induced seizures. Epilepsia, 2006, Volume: 47, Issue:4 Topics: Animals; Brain Mapping; Dentate Gyrus; Disease Models, Animal; Electroencephalography; Epilepsy, Abs	2006
GABAB receptor antagonism abolishes the learning impairments in rats with chronic atypical absence seizures. European journal of pharmacology, 2006, Jul-10, Volume: 541, Issue:1-2 Topics: Animals; Anticholesteremic Agents; Anticonvulsants; Chronic Disease; Disease Models, Animal; Dose-Re	2006
Levetiracetam attenuates spontaneous spike-and-wave discharges in DBA/2J mice. Epilepsy research, 2007, Volume: 75, Issue:2-3 Topics: Animals; Anticonvulsants; Electroencephalography; Epilepsy, Absence; Ethosuximide; Injections, Intra	2007
T-current related effects of antiepileptic drugs and a Ca2+ channel antagonist on thalamic relay and local circuit interneurons in a rat model of absence epilepsy. Neuropharmacology, 2007, Volume: 53, Issue:3 Topics: Animals; Animals, Newborn; Anticonvulsants; Calcium Channel Blockers; Calcium Channels, T-Type; Dise	2007
Is ethosuximide a risk factor for generalised tonic-clonic seizures in absence epilepsy? Neuropediatrics, 2007, Volume: 38, Issue:2 Topics: Adolescent; Anticonvulsants; Child; Child, Preschool; Electroencephalography; Epilepsy, Absence; Epi	2007
Reduced cortical inhibition in a mouse model of familial childhood absence epilepsy. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2007, Oct-30, Volume: 104, Issue:44 Topics: Animals; Disease Models, Animal; Epilepsy, Absence; Ethosuximide; Genetic Predisposition to Disease;	2007
Early treatment suppresses the development of spike-wave epilepsy in a rat model. Epilepsia, 2008, Volume: 49, Issue:3 Topics: Animals; Animals, Newborn; Anticonvulsants; Cerebral Cortex; Cyclic Nucleotide-Gated Cation Channels	2008
Childhood absence epilepsy with clinically apparent genetic and acquired burdens: a diagnostic consideration. Journal of child neurology, 2008, Volume: 23, Issue:1 Topics: Action Potentials; Anticonvulsants; Birth Injuries; Brain; Causality; Child; Child, Preschool; Comor	2008
Anticonvulsants specific for petit mal antagonize epileptogenic effect of leucine enkephalin. Science (New York, N.Y.), 1980, Nov-28, Volume: 210, Issue:4473 Topics: Animals; Anticonvulsants; Disease Models, Animal; Endorphins; Enkephalins; Epilepsy, Absence; Ethosu	1980
Anticonvulsant sensitivity of absence seizures in the tottering mutant mouse. Epilepsia, 1983, Volume: 24, Issue:1 Topics: Animals; Anticonvulsants; Diazepam; Electroencephalography; Epilepsy, Absence; Ethosuximide; Genes,	1983
Clinical and EEG estimates of absence seizure frequency. Archives of neurology, 1983, Volume: 40, Issue:8 Topics: Adolescent; Child; Child, Preschool; Electroencephalography; Epilepsy, Absence; Ethosuximide; Humans	1983
Valproate-ethosuximide combination therapy for refractory absence seizures. Archives of neurology, 1983, Volume: 40, Issue:13 Topics: Adolescent; Child; Drug Therapy, Combination; Epilepsy, Absence; Ethosuximide; Female; Humans; Male;	1983
[Pharmacotherapy of epilepsy--current problems and controversies]. Fortschritte der Neurologie-Psychiatrie, 1983, Volume: 51, Issue:11 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Carbamazepine; Child; Child, Preschool; Epilepsies, Partial; Epilepsy; Epilepsy,	1983
Absence seizures: valproate or ethosuximide? Acta neurologica Scandinavica. Supplementum, 1983, Volume: 97 Topics: Adolescent; Child; Child, Preschool; Drug Therapy, Combination; Electroencephalography; Epilepsy, Ab	1983
Aplastic anemia during ethosuximide medication. Treatment with bolus-methylprednisolone. Acta paediatrica Scandinavica, 1983, Volume: 72, Issue:6 Topics: Anemia, Aplastic; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Blood Transfusion; Child; Epilepsy, Absence; Ethosuximide;	1983
Psychiatric complications of absence therapy and their relation to alteration of sleep. Epilepsia, 1984, Volume: 25 Suppl 1 Topics: Delusions; Depression; Epilepsy, Absence; Ethosuximide; Female; Humans; Hypochondriasis; Hysteria; M	1984
Ontogeny of gamma-hydroxybutyric acid. II. Electroencephalographic effects. Brain research, 1984, Volume: 317, Issue:1 Topics: Age Factors; Animals; Brain; Electroencephalography; Epilepsy, Absence; Ethosuximide; Hydroxybutyrat	1984
Antiabsence drugs and inhibitory pathways. Neurology, 1980, Volume: 30, Issue:2 Topics: Animals; Anticonvulsants; Cats; Cerebral Ventricles; Epilepsy, Absence; Ethosuximide; Imipramine; Ne	1980
[Differential treatment of epilepsy patients]. Zhurnal nevropatologii i psikhiatrii imeni S.S. Korsakova (Moscow, Russia : 1952), 1980, Volume: 80, Issue:6 Topics: Anticonvulsants; Carbamazepine; Diagnosis, Differential; Drug Therapy, Combination; Epilepsy; Epilep	1980
Valproic acid and ethosuximide interaction. Annals of neurology, 1980, Volume: 7, Issue:6 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Child; Child, Preschool; Drug Interactions; Drug Therapy, Combination; Epilepsy,	1980
Monotherapy or polytherapy for epilepsy? Epilepsia, 1981, Volume: 22, Issue:1 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Carbamazepine; Clonazepam; Drug Combinations; Drug Interactions; Drug Therapy, Co	1981
Alpha-substituted gamma-butyrolactones: new class of anticonvulsant drugs. Science (New York, N.Y.), 1982, Sep-10, Volume: 217, Issue:4564 Topics: 4-Butyrolactone; Animals; Anticonvulsants; Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry; Convulsants; Drug Evaluati	1982
[Clinical evaluation of certain modern antiepileptic preparations]. Zhurnal nevropatologii i psikhiatrii imeni S.S. Korsakova (Moscow, Russia : 1952), 1982, Volume: 82, Issue:6 Topics: Anticonvulsants; Automatism; Carbamazepine; Child; Clonazepam; Diencephalon; Epilepsy; Epilepsy, Abs	1982
[Predicting therapeutic success in the treatment of children with petit mal using a pattern recognition method]. Zhurnal nevropatologii i psikhiatrii imeni S.S. Korsakova (Moscow, Russia : 1952), 1982, Volume: 82, Issue:6 Topics: Adolescent; Anticonvulsants; Child; Child, Preschool; Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted; Epilepsy, Absenc	1982
How long to treat childhood onset absence epilepsy. Clinical EEG (electroencephalography), 1995, Volume: 26, Issue:3 Topics: Anticonvulsants; Child; Child, Preschool; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Administration Sche	1995
Mania and anticonvulsant therapy. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 1995, Volume: 34, Issue:6 Topics: Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity; Bipolar Disorder; Child; Electroencephalography; Epil	1995
Effect of antiepileptic drugs on absence-like seizures in the tremor rat. Epilepsia, 1995, Volume: 36, Issue:9 Topics: Animals; Anticonvulsants; Data Interpretation, Statistical; Drug Therapy, Combination; Electroenceph	1995
[Absence seizures in adulthood: four cases]. Neurologia (Barcelona, Spain), 1994, Volume: 9, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Age Factors; Age of Onset; Drug Therapy, Combination; Electroencephalography; Epilepsy, Absen	1994
A new chronic model of spontaneous nonconvulsive generalized seizures. The Japanese journal of psychiatry and neurology, 1993, Volume: 47, Issue:2 Topics: 4-Butyrolactone; Animals; Cerebral Cortex; Corpus Callosum; Electroencephalography; Epilepsy, Absenc	1993
Cerebral energy metabolism in rats with genetic absence epilepsy is not correlated with the pharmacological increase or suppression of spike-wave discharges. Brain research, 1993, Jul-30, Volume: 618, Issue:1 Topics: Action Potentials; Animals; Autoradiography; Brain; Electroencephalography; Energy Metabolism; Epile	1993
Absence seizures induce a decrease in cerebral blood flow: human and animal data. Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism : official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism, 1996, Volume: 16, Issue:1 Topics: Animals; Anticonvulsants; Blood Flow Velocity; Blood Pressure; Carbon Dioxide; Cerebral Cortex; Cere	1996
Prognostic factors for childhood and juvenile absence epilepsies. European neurology, 1997, Volume: 37, Issue:3 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Age of Onset; Anticonvulsants; Child; Child, Preschool; Drug Therapy, Combination	1997
On the action of the anti-absence drug ethosuximide in the rat and cat thalamus. The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience, 1998, Jul-01, Volume: 18, Issue:13 Topics: Action Potentials; Animals; Anticonvulsants; Baclofen; Calcium Channels; Cats; Epilepsy, Absence; Et	1998
Ethosuximide-associated lupus with cerebral and renal manifestations. European journal of pediatrics, 1998, Volume: 157, Issue:9 Topics: Anticonvulsants; Brain Diseases; Child; Epilepsy, Absence; Ethosuximide; Female; Humans; Kidney Dise	1998
Bicuculline-induced rhythmic EEG episodes: gender differences and the effects of ethosuximide and baclofen treatment. Epilepsia, 1998, Volume: 39, Issue:12 Topics: Animals; Baclofen; Bicuculline; Epilepsy; Epilepsy, Absence; Estradiol; Ethosuximide; Female; Incide	1998
Pharmacological profiles of absence seizure-induced increases in CRE- and AP-1 DNA-binding activities in gamma-butyrolactone-treated mice. Nihon shinkei seishin yakurigaku zasshi = Japanese journal of psychopharmacology, 1998, Volume: 18, Issue:4 Topics: 4-Butyrolactone; Activating Transcription Factor 2; Animals; Anticonvulsants; Brain; Brain Chemistry	1998
Ethosuximide inducted changes in the gastro-intestinal tract. Folia medica, 1998, Volume: 40, Issue:3B Suppl 3 Topics: Adolescent; Anticonvulsants; Digestive System; Epilepsy, Absence; Ethosuximide; Humans; In Vitro Tec	1998
Sleep and epilepsy: A key role for nitric oxide? Epilepsia, 2000, Volume: 41, Issue:7 Topics: Animals; Anticonvulsants; Brain; Cerebral Cortex; Circadian Rhythm; Disease Models, Animal; Electroe	2000
Opposite effects of T- and L-type Ca(2+) channels blockers in generalized absence epilepsy. European journal of pharmacology, 2000, Oct-20, Volume: 406, Issue:3 Topics: 3-Pyridinecarboxylic acid, 1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-5-nitro-4-(2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-, Methyl e	2000
Repeated administration of CGP 46381, a gamma-aminobutyric acidB antagonist, and ethosuximide suppresses seizure-associated cyclic adenosine 3'5' monophosphate response element- and activator protein-1 DNA-binding activities in lethargic (lh/lh) mice. Neuroscience letters, 2001, Jan-19, Volume: 297, Issue:3 Topics: Animals; Anticonvulsants; Cerebellum; Cerebral Cortex; Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein;	2001
Comparative profiles of sodium valproate and ethosuximide on electro-behavioural correlates in gamma-hydroxybutyrate and pentylenetetrazol induced absence seizures in rats. Indian journal of physiology and pharmacology, 2000, Volume: 44, Issue:4 Topics: Animals; Anticonvulsants; Convulsants; Disease Models, Animal; Electroencephalography; Epilepsy, Abs	2000
Interaction of flunarizine with sodium valproate or ethosuximide in gamahydroxybutyrate induced absence seizures in rats. Indian journal of experimental biology, 2001, Volume: 39, Issue:10 Topics: Animals; Anticonvulsants; Calcium Channel Blockers; Disease Models, Animal; Drug Interactions; Drug	2001
Ethosuximide induced lymphadenopathy--a case report. The Central African journal of medicine, 2001, Volume: 47, Issue:1 Topics: Anticonvulsants; Child; Epilepsy, Absence; Ethosuximide; Female; Humans; Hyperplasia; Lymphatic Dise	2001
Gamma hydroxybutyrate in the monkey. II. Effect of chronic oral anticonvulsant drugs. Neurology, 1978, Volume: 28, Issue:7 Topics: Administration, Oral; Animals; Anticonvulsants; Disease Models, Animal; Electroencephalography; Epil	1978
Pharmacokinetics of drugs used for petit mal 'absence' epilepsy. Clinical and experimental neurology, 1977, Volume: 14 Topics: Administration, Oral; Benzodiazepinones; Biotransformation; Clonazepam; Drug Interactions; Epilepsy,	1977
Ethosuximide pharmacokinetics in a pregnant patient and her newborn. Epilepsia, 1978, Volume: 19, Issue:6 Topics: Adult; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Epilepsy, Absence; Epilepsy, Tonic-Clonic; Ethosuximide; Fe	1978
Urinary metabolites of 2-ethyl-2-methylsuccinimide (ethosuximide) studied by combined gas chromatography mass spectrometry. Biomedical mass spectrometry, 1978, Volume: 5, Issue:11 Topics: Adolescent; Epilepsy, Absence; Ethosuximide; Humans; Male; Mass Spectrometry; Stereoisomerism	1978
A case of Stevens-Johnson syndrome associated with the anti-convulsants sulthiame and ethosuximide. British dental journal, 1975, Mar-04, Volume: 138, Issue:5 Topics: Adolescent; Epilepsy, Absence; Ethosuximide; Humans; Male; Phenobarbital; Prednisolone; Stevens-John	1975
[Atypical petit mal status. Case contribution on diagnostic difficulties]. Der Nervenarzt, 1977, Volume: 48, Issue:2 Topics: Adult; Cerebral Ventricle Neoplasms; Diagnostic Errors; Electroencephalography; Epilepsy, Absence; E	1977
Epilepsies with astatic seizures of late onset. Epilepsia, 1977, Volume: 18, Issue:1 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Age Factors; Child; Electroencephalography; Epilepsy; Epilepsy, Absence; Ethosuxi	1977
Effects of antiepileptic drugs on thalamocortical excitability. Neurology, 1977, Volume: 27, Issue:12 Topics: Animals; Bicuculline; Cats; Computers; Diazepam; Electric Stimulation; Electroencephalography; Epile	1977
Exacerbation generalized nonconvulsive seizures with ethosuximide therapy. Archives of neurology, 1978, Volume: 35, Issue:6 Topics: Child; Epilepsy, Absence; Ethosuximide; Humans; Male	1978
Dyskinesia-an unusual reaction to ethosuximide. Archives of neurology, 1975, Volume: 32, Issue:2 Topics: Adolescent; Diphenhydramine; Epilepsy, Absence; Ethosuximide; Female; Humans; Movement Disorders	1975
Seizures in adolescents. The Medical clinics of North America, 1975, Volume: 59, Issue:6 Topics: Adolescent; Anticonvulsants; Automobile Driving; Benzodiazepines; Carbamazepine; Diagnosis, Differen	1975
Diseases of the central nervous system: Epilepsy. British medical journal, 1975, Nov-01, Volume: 4, Issue:5991 Topics: Age Factors; Diazepam; Epilepsies, Partial; Epilepsy; Epilepsy, Absence; Epilepsy, Tonic-Clonic; Eth	1975
Sensible prescribing. XI.--Juvenile and adult epilepsy. The Practitioner, 1975, Volume: 215, Issue:1289 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Age Factors; Carbamazepine; Child; Clonazepam; Epilepsy; Epilepsy, Absence; Epile	1975
Gas-chromatographic analysis for succinimide anticonvulsants in serum: macro- and micro-scale methods. Clinical chemistry, 1976, Volume: 22, Issue:3 Topics: Animals; Chromatography, Gas; Epilepsy, Absence; Ethosuximide; Microchemistry; Succinimides; Tempera	1976
[Pyknoleptic petit mal and secondary grand mal]. Der Nervenarzt, 1976, Volume: 47, Issue:5 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Age Factors; Barbiturates; Drug Therapy, Combination; Educational Status; Epileps	1976
Mania and anticonvulsant therapy. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 1992, Volume: 31, Issue:6 Topics: Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity; Bipolar Disorder; Child; Epilepsy, Absence; Ethosuxim	1992
Mapping of cerebral energy metabolism in rats with genetic generalized nonconvulsive epilepsy. Journal of neural transmission. Supplementum, 1992, Volume: 35 Topics: Animals; Brain; Brain Mapping; Disease Models, Animal; Electroencephalography; Energy Metabolism; Ep	1992
Common epileptic syndromes in children. Pediatric annals, 1991, Volume: 20, Issue:1 Topics: Adolescent; Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Carbamazepine; Child; Child, Preschool; Electroencephalogra	1991
Development of tolerance to the anticonvulsant effect of valproate but not to ethosuximide in a rat model of absence epilepsy. European journal of pharmacology, 1990, May-31, Volume: 181, Issue:1-2 Topics: Animals; Anticonvulsants; Drug Tolerance; Electroencephalography; Epilepsy, Absence; Ethosuximide; F	1990
Differential effects of petit mal anticonvulsants and convulsants on thalamic neurones: GABA current blockade. British journal of pharmacology, 1990, Volume: 100, Issue:4 Topics: Animals; Anticonvulsants; Bicuculline; Convulsants; Epilepsy, Absence; Ethosuximide; gamma-Aminobuty	1990
[A case of adult-onset spike-wave stupor associated with hypoparathyroidism and hyperostosis frontalis interna (HFI)]. Rinsho shinkeigaku = Clinical neurology, 1990, Volume: 30, Issue:10 Topics: Adult; Electroencephalography; Epilepsy, Absence; Ethosuximide; Female; Humans; Hyperostosis Frontal	1990
[Possibility for provoking grand mal series in ethosuximide therapy--2 case reports]. Psychiatrie, Neurologie, und medizinische Psychologie, 1990, Volume: 42, Issue:9 Topics: Adult; Anticonvulsants; Drug Therapy, Combination; Electroencephalography; Epilepsy, Absence; Epilep	1990
Differential effects of petit mal anticonvulsants and convulsants on thalamic neurones: calcium current reduction. British journal of pharmacology, 1990, Volume: 100, Issue:4 Topics: Animals; Anticonvulsants; Calcium Channels; Convulsants; Epilepsy, Absence; Ethosuximide; gamma-Amin	1990
[Zarontin]. Soins. Psychiatrie, 1986, Issue:72 Topics: Epilepsy, Absence; Ethosuximide; Humans	1986
[Metabolism and elimination of ethosuximide in neonates whose mothers had petit mal]. Anales espanoles de pediatria, 1987, Volume: 27, Issue:5 Topics: Epilepsy, Absence; Ethosuximide; Female; Half-Life; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Co	1987
Temporal lobe and petit mal antiepileptics differentially affect ventral lateral thalamic and motor cortex excitability patterns. Brain research, 1988, Nov-15, Volume: 473, Issue:2 Topics: Animals; Carbamazepine; Cats; Disease Models, Animal; Epilepsy, Absence; Ethosuximide; Evoked Potent	1988
Antiepileptic drug evaluation in a new animal model: spontaneous petit mal epilepsy in the rat. Arzneimittel-Forschung, 1985, Volume: 35, Issue:2 Topics: Animals; Anticonvulsants; Carbamazepine; Diazepam; Disease Models, Animal; Drug Evaluation, Preclini	1985
Blockade of "antiabsence" activity of sodium valproate by THIP in rats with petit mal-like seizures. Comparison with ethosuximide. Journal of neural transmission, 1985, Volume: 63, Issue:2 Topics: Animals; Epilepsy, Absence; Ethosuximide; GABA Antagonists; Injections; Isoxazoles; Male; Oxazoles;	1985
Longterm follow-up of childhood epilepsy with absences. I. Epilepsy with absences at onset. Neuropediatrics, 1985, Volume: 16, Issue:3 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Anticonvulsants; Child; Child, Preschool; Epilepsy; Epilepsy, Absence; Ethosuximi	1985
Longterm follow-up of childhood epilepsy with absences. II. Absence-epilepsy with initial grand mal. Neuropediatrics, 1985, Volume: 16, Issue:3 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Epilepsy, Absence; Epilepsy, Tonic-Clonic; Ethosuximide; Female; Follow-Up Studie	1985
Pyknoleptic petit mal. Acta neurologica Scandinavica, 1985, Volume: 72, Issue:4 Topics: Adolescent; Age Factors; Animals; Bibliographies as Topic; Child; Child, Preschool; Clonazepam; Diag	1985
Effects of diphenylhydantoin and cholinergic agents on the neuronally isolated cerebral cortex. Electroencephalography and clinical neurophysiology, 1971, Volume: 30, Issue:5 Topics: Animals; Atropine; Cats; Cerebral Cortex; Disease Models, Animal; Electroencephalography; Epilepsy;	1971
Gas chromatographic determination of ethosuximide and phensuximide in plasma and urine of man. The Journal of pharmacy and pharmacology, 1973, Volume: 25, Issue:4 Topics: Adolescent; Child; Chromatography, Gas; Epilepsy, Absence; Ethosuximide; Humans; Kinetics; Methods;	1973
Epilepsy. The Practitioner, 1974, Volume: 213, Issue:1276 SPEC Topics: Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Carbamazepine; Diazepam; Drug Hypersensitivity; Drug-Related Side Effec	1974
A neuropathological study of a case of petit mal epilepsy. Electroencephalography and clinical neurophysiology, 1968, Volume: 24, Issue:3 Topics: Adolescent; Basal Ganglia; Brain; Cerebellum; Cerebral Cortex; Epilepsy; Epilepsy, Absence; Ethosuxi	1968
Depamide in the treatment of epilepsy. A clinical trial. Epilepsia, 1973, Volume: 14, Issue:3 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Amides; Anticonvulsants; Barbiturates; Child; Child, Preschool; Electroencephalog	1973
Petit mal status presenting as psychasis. Transactions of the American Neurological Association, 1973, Volume: 98 Topics: Anticonvulsants; Depression; Electroencephalography; Epilepsy, Absence; Ethosuximide; Female; Humans	1973
Absorption of anticonvulsants after jejunoileal bypass. Bulletin of the Los Angeles neurological societies, 1974, Volume: 39, Issue:2 Topics: Adult; Anticonvulsants; Diazepam; Epilepsy, Absence; Epilepsy, Tonic-Clonic; Ethosuximide; Female; H	1974
[Isolated petit mal status epilepticus. A new epilepsy syndrome characterised by paroxysmal behavioural disturbances (author's transl)]. Deutsche medizinische Wochenschrift (1946), 1974, Mar-01, Volume: 99, Issue:9 Topics: Benzodiazepinones; Child; Child Behavior Disorders; Cognition Disorders; Diagnosis, Differential; Di	1974
Therapy of seizures in children. American family physician, 1974, Volume: 10, Issue:3 Topics: Child; Diazepam; Epilepsy; Epilepsy, Absence; Ethosuximide; Humans; Injections, Intramuscular; Injec	1974
[Outpatient therapy of epilepsy]. Zeitschrift fur arztliche Fortbildung, 1970, Jul-15, Volume: 64, Issue:14 Topics: Anticonvulsants; Barbiturates; Depression, Chemical; Drug Eruptions; Drug Hypersensitivity; Epilepsi	1970
Absence attacks and diffuse neuronal disease. Neurology, 1967, Volume: 17, Issue:3 Topics: Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Anticonvulsants; Child; Electroencephalography; Epilepsy, Absence; Etho	1967
Drug treatment of convulsive disorders. The New England journal of medicine, 1972, Mar-02, Volume: 286, Issue:9 Topics: Acetazolamide; Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Adult; Anticonvulsants; Barbiturates; Child; Diazepam; E	1972
[Anticonvulsants. 7. Treatment of myclonic-astatic epilepsy in small children]. Lakartidningen, 1971, Oct-18, Volume: 68 Topics: Acetazolamide; Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Child, Preschool; Diazepam; Epilepsy, Absence; Epilepsy,	1971
The role of inhibitory pathways in petit mal epilepsy. Neurology, 1972, Volume: 22, Issue:10 Topics: Action Potentials; Animals; Anticonvulsants; Carbamazepine; Cats; Cerebral Cortex; Electric Stimulat	1972
Classification and treatment of seizure disorders in children. Virginia medical monthly, 1970, Volume: 97, Issue:2 Topics: Acetazolamide; Adolescent; Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Anticonvulsants; Barbiturates; Child; Child,	1970
Epilepsy. British medical journal, 1969, Nov-01, Volume: 4, Issue:5678 Topics: Adult; Child; Epilepsies, Partial; Epilepsy; Epilepsy, Absence; Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe; Epilepsy, T	1969
Drug treatment of epilepsy in childhood. British medical journal, 1969, Nov-22, Volume: 4, Issue:5681 Topics: Anticonvulsants; Carbamazepine; Child; Child, Preschool; Diazepam; Epilepsy; Epilepsy, Absence; Epil	1969
Anticonvulsant drugs in idiopathic epilepsy. The Medical letter on drugs and therapeutics, 1970, Jun-26, Volume: 12, Issue:13 Topics: Acetazolamide; Anticonvulsants; Epilepsy; Epilepsy, Absence; Ethosuximide; Humans; Hydantoins; Mepho	1970
A medical and social survey of 231 children with seizures. Epilepsia, 1972, Volume: 13, Issue:1 Topics: Adolescent; Attitude to Health; Child; Child Behavior Disorders; Child, Preschool; Electroencephalog	1972
The prognosis of petit mal in adults. Epilepsia, 1972, Volume: 13, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Electroencephalography; Epilepsy, Absence; Epilepsy, Tonic-Clonic; Ethosux	1972
Imipramine in epilepsy. Archives of neurology, 1972, Volume: 27, Issue:3 Topics: Adolescent; Animals; Anticonvulsants; Cats; Child; Child, Preschool; Diazepam; Electroencephalograph	1972
[Epilepsy with non-pyknoleptic petit mal]. Kinderarztliche Praxis, 1972, Volume: 40, Issue:5 Topics: Adolescent; Electroencephalography; Epilepsy, Absence; Ethosuximide; Female; Humans; Male; Primidone	1972
[Experience with a combination of ethosuximide and mepacrine (Acrisuxin) in the treatment of chronic epileptic seizures in children]. Padiatrie und Padologie, 1972, Volume: 7, Issue:4 Topics: Child; Child, Preschool; Chronic Disease; Drug Combinations; Epilepsy; Epilepsy, Absence; Epilepsy,	1972
Improved control of epilepsy by monitoring plasma ethosuximide. Archives of neurology, 1973, Volume: 28, Issue:3 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Child; Child, Preschool; Chromatography, Gas; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; E	1973
Drugs for petit mal. Canadian Medical Association journal, 1965, Sep-25, Volume: 93, Issue:13 Topics: Acetazolamide; Amphetamine; Anticonvulsants; Barbiturates; Child; Child, Preschool; Chlordiazepoxide	1965
Petit mal epilepsy. Results of a prolonged follow-up study of 117 patients. JAMA, 1965, Oct-18, Volume: 194, Issue:3 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Anticonvulsants; Child; Child, Preschool; Epilepsy, Absence; Epilepsy, Tonic-Clon	1965
Ethosuximide treatment of petit mal seizures. A study of 87 pediatric patients. American journal of diseases of children (1960), 1966, Volume: 111, Issue:1 Topics: Anticonvulsants; Child; Epilepsy, Absence; Ethosuximide; Humans; Male	1966
[Ethosuximide in treatment of petit mal epilepsy]. No to shinkei = Brain and nerve, 1965, Volume: 17, Issue:8 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Anticonvulsants; Child; Child, Preschool; Electroencephalography; Epilepsy, Absen	1965
[New methods of seizure treatment in epilepsy]. Munchener medizinische Wochenschrift (1950), 1965, Nov-05, Volume: 107, Issue:45 Topics: Acetazolamide; Anticonvulsants; Electroencephalography; Epilepsy; Epilepsy, Absence; Epilepsy, Tempo	1965
Self-induced seizures. Archives of neurology, 1966, Volume: 15, Issue:6 Topics: Adolescent; Child; Child, Preschool; Electroencephalography; Epilepsy, Absence; Epilepsy, Tonic-Clon	1966
Long-term follow-up of patients with petit mal. Archives of neurology, 1967, Volume: 16, Issue:6 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aging; Child; Electroencephalography; Epilepsy, Absence; Epilepsy, Tonic-Clonic;	1967
[Our experiences with suximide (Zarontin) therapy of some childhood forms of epilepsy]. Neuropsihijatrija, 1963, Volume: 11, Issue:3 Topics: Adolescent; Child; Electroencephalography; Epilepsy; Epilepsy, Absence; Ethosuximide; Humans	1963
Systemic lupus erythematosus. Occurrence in association with ethosuximide therapy. JAMA, 1968, May-20, Volume: 204, Issue:8 Topics: Child, Preschool; Epilepsy, Absence; Ethosuximide; Female; Humans; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic	1968
[Experience with clinico-electroencephalographic studies on the action of zarontine in petit mal seizures in children]. Zhurnal nevropatologii i psikhiatrii imeni S.S. Korsakova (Moscow, Russia : 1952), 1967, Volume: 67, Issue:10 Topics: Adolescent; Child; Child, Preschool; Electroencephalography; Epilepsy, Absence; Ethosuximide; Humans	1967
[Importance of adequate and early therapy of simple petit mal]. Minerva pediatrica, 1968, Jan-28, Volume: 20, Issue:4 Topics: Anticonvulsants; Barbiturates; Child; Child, Preschool; Epilepsy, Absence; Epilepsy, Tonic-Clonic; E	1968
Occurrence of systemic lupus erythematosus in association with ethosuccimide therapy. Case report. The Journal of pediatrics, 1970, Volume: 76, Issue:4 Topics: Child; Epilepsy, Absence; Ethosuximide; Humans; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic; Male	1970
[Experiences with suxilep in childhood epilepsy]. Das Deutsche Gesundheitswesen, 1969, Jan-16, Volume: 24, Issue:3 Topics: Child; Child, Preschool; Electroencephalography; Epilepsies, Partial; Epilepsy; Epilepsy, Absence; E	1969
Spike-wave stupor. Petit mal status. American journal of diseases of children (1960), 1971, Volume: 121, Issue:4 Topics: Anticonvulsants; Child; Diazepam; Electroencephalography; Epilepsy; Epilepsy, Absence; Ethosuximide;	1971

ethosuximide and Epilepsy, Absence