ethisterone and Abnormalities--Drug-Induced

Various changes that have been observed after intrauterine exposure to exogenous hormones are presented. Often, alterations observed after exogenous maternal hormone therapy consist of varying degrees of masculinization of the female genitalia. The following specific drug interactions are described in some detail: 1) effects of progestational agents and androgens on female genitalia; 2) relationship of corticosteroids to the development of cleft palate; and 3) effects of synthetic estrogens (e.g., diethylstilbestrol) on the female reproductive tract. The discussion closes with a review of the association of therapy with such drugs to the delayed appearance of clear-cell adenocarcinoma of the genital tract in young women.

Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Adenocarcinoma; Adolescent; Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Adult; Bone and Bones; Cleft Palate; Diethylstilbestrol; Disorders of Sex Development; Estrogens, Conjugated (USP); Ethinyl Estradiol; Ethisterone; Female; Fetus; Genital Neoplasms, Female; Gestational Age; Hormones; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Medroxyprogesterone; Mestranol; Methandrostenolone; Methyltestosterone; Norethindrone; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Progesterone; Testosterone

The 27-year follow-up is reported of 136 children whose mothers were involved in a randomised trial of high doses of stilboestrol and ethisterone therapy during pregnancy. The children were not contacted directly. Information about them was obtained from hospitals, general practitioners, and other official sources; and the persons who responded to our inquiries were unaware of who had been exposed to hormones in utero and whose mothers had received an inactive tablet. All children were traced. Urogenital anomalies were reported more frequently in the hormone-exposed than the unexposed children (14% and 9% respectively). The earlier in pregnancy the therapy began, the higher the prevalence rate of abnormalities (X2 for trend, p less than 0.02). No malignant tumours were reported. For males, the proportion reported to be married or living as married was lower in the exposed than in the unexposed group (32% and 62% respectively). The proportion was lower the earlier in pregnancy hormonal exposure occurred and the higher the total hormone dose to which they were exposed (X2 for trend, p less than 0.02). These findings suggest that some interference with sexual function may not be uncommon in males exposed to high doses of stilboestrol and ethisterone while in utero.

Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Adult; Clinical Trials as Topic; Diethylstilbestrol; Ethisterone; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Male; Marriage; Pregnancy; Pregnancy in Diabetics; Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; Random Allocation; Urogenital Abnormalities

Comparison of a cohort of 988 offspring exposed in utero to exogenous progestins with a matched cohort of unexposed offspring did not result in detection of an association of congenital anomalies with exposure. The conclusions are based primarily on outcomes of pregnancy with exposure to progesterone and 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone caproate, and may not apply to androgenic progestins. Offspring exposed to combinations of progestins and estrogens were excluded from this study and may have a different distribution of anomalies.

Topics: 17 alpha-Hydroxyprogesterone Caproate; Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Ethisterone; Female; Fetal Death; Humans; Hydroxyprogesterones; Infant, Newborn; Male; Maternal-Fetal Exchange; Medroxyprogesterone; Minnesota; Norethindrone; Pregnancy; Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; Progesterone; Progestins

Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Arm; Benzyl Compounds; Birth Weight; Congenital Abnormalities; England; Erythromycin; Ethinyl Estradiol; Ethisterone; Ethylenediamines; Female; Fingers; Hallux Valgus; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Leg; Male; Maternal Age; Meclizine; Norethindrone; Pyridines; Pyridoxine; Seasons; Sulfamethoxazole; Tibia; Trimethoprim

Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Drug Combinations; Ethinyl Estradiol; Ethisterone; Female; Gestational Age; Hormones; Humans; Maternal-Fetal Exchange; Norethindrone; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Tests; Spinal Dysraphism

Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Abortion, Induced; Adolescent; Adult; Ethinyl Estradiol; Ethisterone; Female; Humans; Infertility, Female; Menarche; Norethindrone; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Pregnancy Tests; Spinal Dysraphism

Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Ethinyl Estradiol; Ethisterone; Female; Fetus; Humans; Maternal Age; Norethindrone; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Tests; Spinal Dysraphism