ethamolin and Disease-Models--Animal

Sclerotherapy is useful for the treatment of arteriovenous vascular malformations. However, intravascular administration of sclerotic agents into small arteriovenous niduses is often difficult. Extravascular administration of sclerotic agents causes reduction of vascular flow on Doppler echo during clinical sclerotherapy. Therefore, we aimed to investigate whether the extravascular injection of sclerotic agents affects tiny vessels.. Animal study.. The effect of extravascular injection of sclerotic agents on vessels was investigated using rat femoral and superficial inferior epigastric vessels.. After surgical exposure of vessels, absolute ethanol, 5% ethanolamine oleate and 3% polidocanol were injected into perivascular surrounding tissues, and their effect on vessels was evaluated after 14 days using histology and coloured silicone rubber injection.. The integrity of the vascular lumen, endothelial cells and vascular patency were not affected by injection of sclerotic agents.. Attenuation of vascular flow of an arteriovenous shunt after extravascular injection of sclerotic agents is transient and/or trivial and does not cause disruption of vessels. Therefore, sclerotic agents should be delivered to obtain sufficient destruction of arteriovenous malformation lesions and blood flow.

Topics: Animals; Arteriovenous Malformations; Disease Models, Animal; Endothelium, Vascular; Epigastric Arteries; Ethanol; Femoral Artery; Femoral Vein; Follow-Up Studies; Injections; Oleic Acids; Polidocanol; Polyethylene Glycols; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Sclerosing Solutions; Sclerotherapy; Solvents; Tissue Adhesives; Treatment Outcome

Iatrogenic inflammation of the porcine uterine horn may serve as an in vivo appendicitis model for the development of endoscopic transgastric appendectomy.. Five female pigs.. Animal study.. General anesthesia.. Anatomical appearance and technical feasibility.. Three pigs were used to identify an injectable material that would inflame the uterine horn, and 2 pigs were used for a pilot appendectomy. Three types of materials were individually injected into the bilateral uterine horns, and the ideal material to inflame the uterine horn was injected into the right uterine horn for the last 2 pigs. After 24 hours, the injected uterine horns of the first 3 pigs were assessed and a pilot appendectomy was performed in the last 2 pigs.. Ethanolamine oleate (EO) injected uterine horns demonstrated similarities to the inflamed human appendix. Simulations of the appendectomy were successfully performed by using the EO model.. Suboptimal existing tools.. This preliminary study demonstrated the technical feasibility to create a model for acute appendicitis by using the porcine uterine horn and transgastric appendectomy.

Topics: Animals; Appendectomy; Appendicitis; Disease Models, Animal; Endometritis; Endoscopy, Digestive System; Feasibility Studies; Female; Gastrostomy; Oleic Acids; Pilot Projects; Research Design; Sclerosing Solutions; Swine; Uterus

The safety and efficacy of poly-N-acetyl glucosamine (p-GlcNAc) gels were compared with standard agents in three different dog studies to assess abdominal venous collaterals, bleeding esophageal varices, and bleeding gastric varices.. Adult dogs with prehepatic portal hypertension and large abdominal venous collaterals, esophageal varices, or gastric varices were studied.. Significantly higher sclerosis rates were seen with F2 or F4 p-GlcNAc gels and standard sclerosants. F2 and F4 gels had high rates of permanent hemostasis, low rates of secondary ulceration, and significant reductions in esophageal and gastric variceal size. These results were either equivalent to or significantly better than the most commonly used gastric varix hemostatic agent (glue) or other sclerosing agents.. F2 and F4 poly-N-acetyl glucosamine gels are promising therapeutic agents for venous and variceal hemostasis.

Topics: Acetylglucosamine; Alcohols; Animals; Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; Disease Models, Animal; Dogs; Double-Blind Method; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; Enbucrilate; Esophageal and Gastric Varices; Esophagoscopy; Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage; Gastroscopy; Gels; Hemostatic Techniques; Hemostatics; Hypertension, Portal; Oleic Acids; Random Allocation; Sclerosing Solutions; Sclerotherapy; Sodium Morrhuate; Wound Healing

Acute hepatic failure models with extensive hepatic necrosis and hyperammonemia were developed in small animals. One model is bases on the retrograde infusion of ethanolamine oleate into the common bile duct of guinea pigs and another is based on the infusion of TNF-lipiodol emulsion into the portal tract of rats.

Topics: Alanine Transaminase; Ammonia; Animals; Bilirubin; Common Bile Duct; Disease Models, Animal; Emulsions; Guinea Pigs; Iodized Oil; Liver; Liver Failure, Acute; Male; Necrosis; Oleic Acids; Portal Vein; Rats; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha

Currently available treatments for hepatocellular carcinoma are not satisfactory in terms of recurrence rates. In this study, we injected ethanolamine oleate (EO) into a portal branch in an attempt to cause necrosis of a liver segment in which hepatocellular carcinoma might be located.. Nine dogs received EO injections via a balloon catheter into a segmental portal branch of the liver.. Immediately after injection, 80-100% of the liver cells in the EO-injected segment underwent coagulative necrosis. After 1 week, the EO-injected segment had become completely necrotic in two dogs. Only a few viable hepatocytes were still observed around the arteries and beneath the liver capsule in another dog. No pathologic changes were observed in the lungs, kidneys, or heart of any dog. There was a correlation between the EO dosages and the volume of the EO-injected liver tissue.. EO injection into a portal branch results in the pharmacologic destruction of the corresponding liver segment. This procedure may be beneficial in the treatment of hepatic malignancies.

Topics: Animals; Catheterization; Contrast Media; Disease Models, Animal; Dogs; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Hepatectomy; Injections, Intravenous; Iopamidol; Liver; Liver Cirrhosis, Experimental; Oleic Acids; Portal Vein; Portography; Sclerosing Solutions; Sclerotherapy; Transaminases