estrone and Menopause studies

Hydroxyestrones: Estrone derivatives substituted with one or more hydroxyl groups in any position. They are important metabolites of estrone and other estrogens.

Menopause: The last menstrual period. Permanent cessation of menses (MENSTRUATION) is usually defined after 6 to 12 months of AMENORRHEA in a woman over 45 years of age. In the United States, menopause generally occurs in women between 48 and 55 years of age.

Research Excerpts

Excerpt	Relevance	Reference
"One hundred and one postmenopausal patients with advanced breast cancer were enrolled in a randomized phase II clinical trial to investigate the clinical and hormonal response to aminoglutethimide administered at daily doses of 2 x 125 mg, 3 x 125 mg or 2 x 250 mg, with no addition of hydrocortisone."	9.06	Low dose aminoglutethimide without hydrocortisone for the treatment of advanced postmenopausal breast cancer. ( Bonfrer, JM; Bruning, PF; de Jong-Bakker, M; Hart, AA; Moolenaar, AJ; Nooijen, WJ; van der Linden, E, 1989)
"4-Hydroxyandrostenedione (CGP32349; 4-OHA) is a clinically effective treatment for advanced postmenopausal breast cancer by both the parenteral and p."	9.06	Dose-related endocrine effects and pharmacokinetics of oral and intramuscular 4-hydroxyandrostenedione in postmenopausal breast cancer patients. ( Coombes, RC; Cunningham, DC; Dehennin, L; Dowsett, M; Evans, S; Hedley, A; Stein, RC, 1989)
"A group of 122 postmenopausal patients with histologically proven node-positive primary breast cancer have been randomized to receive aminoglutethimide-hydrocortisone or placebo aminoglutethimide-placebo hydrocortisone for 2 years."	9.05	Adjuvant aminoglutethimide therapy for postmenopausal patients with primary breast cancer: progress report. ( Bettelheim, R; Chilvers, C; Coombes, RC; Dowsett, M; Ford, HT; Gazet, JC; Gordon, C; Powles, TJ; Smith, IE; Zava, D, 1982)
"The effect of the dose of aminoglutethimide on the suppression of oestrone, oestradiol and dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHAS) levels was studied in 36 women with advanced postmenopausal breast cancer, all of whom received 20 mg hydrocortisone twice daily as replacement glucocorticoid."	9.05	Aminoglutethimide dose and hormone suppression in advanced breast cancer. ( Dowsett, M; Harris, AL; Jeffcoate, SL; Smith, IE, 1983)
"The endocrine effects of replacement doses of hydrocortisone in postmenopausal women with advanced breast cancer were compared with the same doses of hydrocortisone plus aminoglutethimide."	9.05	Hydrocortisone alone vs hydrocortisone plus aminoglutethimide: a comparison of the endocrine effects in postmenopausal breast cancer. ( Dowsett, M; Harris, AL; Jeffcoate, S; Smith, IE, 1984)
"Aminoglutethimide is effective in the treatment of breast cancer in postmenopausal patients as a result of its inhibition of aromatase."	7.68	Low-dose aminoglutethimide in postmenopausal breast cancer: effects on adrenal and thyroid hormone secretion. ( Cantwell, BM; Dowsett, M; Harris, AL; Mehta, A, 1991)
"Values were determined by means of a ligand binding assay using 17-FE (17-fluoresceinated estrone) in 53 breast cancer patients."	7.68	[Fixation of fluorescent estrone derivative on human breast cancer cells. Correlation with age, menopause status and histopathology]. ( Alamy, H; Baltali, E; Bouih, A; el Gueddari, B; el Hafed, A; Kettani, F; Morchid, M; Souadka, A; Souadka, F; Wydadi, M, 1990)
"The activities of aromatase and estrone sulfatase which are important enzymes involved in the local production of estrogen in breast cancer tissue were measured to examine their availability in endocrine therapy and their clinical significance."	7.67	[Local production of estrogen via aromatase and estrone sulfatase in breast cancer tissue]. ( Utsumi, T, 1989)
"The possibility that medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) is clinically effective at least in part by its suppression of adrenal steroidogenesis and a resultant reduction of circulating oestrogen levels was investigated in 49 postmenopausal patients with advanced breast cancer."	7.67	The effects of low and high dose medroxyprogesterone acetate on sex steroids and sex hormone binding globulin in postmenopausal breast cancer patients. ( Dowsett, M; Jeffcoate, SL; Lal, A; Smith, IE, 1987)
"5 mg, twice a day) aminoglutethimide (AG), without hydrocortisone (HC), escalating at monthly intervals to a conventional dose of AG (500 mg twice a day) combined with HC, were studied in 33 postmenopausal breast cancer patients."	7.67	Endocrine effects of low dose aminoglutethimide as an aromatase inhibitor in the treatment of breast cancer. ( D'Souza, A; Donaldson, A; Dowsett, M; Harris, AL; Jeffcoate, SL; Smith, IE; Stuart-Harris, R, 1985)
"The effects of aging as well as body weight on conversion of circulating Androstendione (A) to Estrone (E1) in 21 postmenopausal women of different ages and body weights have been studied."	7.67	[Effects of age and obesity on the conversion of androstenedione to estrone in postmenopausal women]. ( Ortega, E; Osorio, C; Ruiz, E, 1988)
"Estrone and estradiol-17 beta concentration in breast cancer tissue are reported to be an order of magnitude higher than those of circulating plasma in breast cancer patients."	7.67	[Serum estrone sulfate levels in patients with breast cancer]. ( Honjyo, H; Oka, T; Okada, H; Yasumura, T, 1988)
"The conversion of 1 beta [3H] androstenedione to estrone in the presence of NADPH by breast cancer homogenates was assessed in tumors from 35 subjects together with estrogen and progesterone receptor concentration."	7.67	Aromatisation of androstenedione by human breast cancer tissue: correlation with hormone receptor activity and possible biologic significance. ( Bezwoda, WR; Dansey, R; Esser, JD; Mansoor, N, 1987)
"Oestrone sulphate, the oestrogen in highest concentration in the plasma, may play a role in the induction and growth of breast cancers."	7.67	Oestrone sulphate, adipose tissue, and breast cancer. ( Hawkins, RA; Killen, E; Thomson, ML, 1985)
"Postmenopausal women with metastatic breast cancer were treated with trilostane, initially 240 mg daily increasing after 3 days to 480 mg daily and after a further three days to 960 mg daily."	7.67	Hormonal changes in postmenopausal women with breast cancer treated with trilostane and dexamethasone. ( Beardwell, CG; Bu'lock, D; Hindley, AC; St John, J; Wilkinson, PM, 1985)
"Peripheral serum levels of cortisol, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHA), dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHA-S), oestradiol-17 beta and total oestrone were measured in 17 postmenopausal breast cancer patients and on age-matched healthy controls."	7.66	Effects of tamoxifen on the serum levels of oestrogens and adrenocortical steroids in postmenopausal breast cancer patients. ( Carlström, K; Sköldefors, H; Theve, NO; Wallgren, A; Wilking, N, 1982)
"Plasma androstenedione (A) levels and plasma oestrone (E1) levels were measured by radioimmunoassay in a total of 135 healthy women (the control group), around the menopause."	7.66	Plasma androstenedione and oestrone levels before and after the menopause. I. Glandular hyperplasia and adenocarcinoma of the endometrium. ( Battaglia, F; Mango, D; Montemurro, A; Scirpa, P; Scirpa, S, 1982)
"To study the relation between body weight and height and the plasma sex-hormone levels wer measured the plasma levels of oestrone (E1), oestradiol (E2) and androstenedione (A) in a group of healthy post-menopausal women with a wide range of body weight."	7.66	Plasma oestrone, oestradiol and androstenedione levels in post-menopausal women: relation to body weight and height. ( de Waard, F; Poortman, J; Thijssen, JH, 1981)
"The daily excretion of estrone, estradiol, and estriol was determined for 22 normal women and 35 women with primary breast cancer."	7.66	Urinary excretion of estrone, estradiol, and estriol in postmenopausal women with primary breast cancer. ( Dao, TL; Lonergan, PA; Morreal, CE; Nemoto, T, 1979)
"To determine if delta 1-testololactone can inhibit the peripheral aromatization of androstenedione (delta), nine postmenopausal women with metastatic breast cancer were studied before and after 2 weeks of therapy with 250 mg of the drug, given every 6 h by mouth."	7.66	Inhibition of peripheral aromatization of androstenedione to estrone in postmenopausal women with breast cancer using delta 1-testololactone. ( Barone, RM; Judd, HL; Shamonki, IM; Siiteri, PK, 1979)
"The concentrations of estrone (E1), androstenedione (A), testosterone (T) and sex-hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) in the serum were determined in 122 postmenopausal women, unselected with respect to age and stage of disease and with a newly diagnosed breast cancer."	7.66	Serum concentrations of estrone, androstenedione, testosterone and sex-hormone-binding globulin in postmenopausal women with breast cancer and in age-matched controls. ( Adami, HO; Johansson, ED; Vegelius, J; Victor, A, 1979)
"The purpose of this study was to ascertain if a relationship exists between the transfer constant of conversion of plasma androstenedione to estrone ([rho]AE1BU) and total body weight or excessive body weight in 50 postmenopausal women, of whom 25 had adenocarcinoma of the endometrium and 25 had no endometrial disease."	7.66	Effect of obesity on conversion of plasma androstenedione to estrone in postmenopausal women with and without endometrial cancer. ( Edman, CD; Hemsell, DL; MacDonald, PC; Porter, JC; Siiteri, PK, 1978)
"We have infused [6,7-3H]estrone or [6,7-3H]estradiol and [4-14C]estriol into seven women who had had breast cancer and into five normal postmenopausal women."	7.66	Estriol production rates and breast cancer. ( Longcope, C; Pratt, JH, 1978)
"Fifty-nine postmenopausal women with advanced breast cancer were treated with tamoxifen (antiestrogen), 20 mg orally twice a day for at least 2 months."	7.65	Tamoxifen (antiestrogen) therapy in advanced breast cancer. ( Kennedy, BJ; Kiang, DT, 1977)
" There was a significant monotonic dose-response relationship of estrone sulfate in raising HDL levels, lowering LDL levels, and raising the HDL/LDL ratio at all intervals measured."	6.67	Effect of cyclic estrone sulfate treatment on lipid profiles of postmenopausal women with elevated cholesterol levels. ( Green, EM; Jennings, D; Katz-Karp, S; Lancaster, J; Notelovitz, M; Stoll, RW, 1990)
" While this regimen effectively blocked adrenal function, it was complicated by a drug interaction in which aminoglutethimide accelerated the metabolism and reduced the bioavailability of dexamethasone."	6.36	Kinetic, hormonal and clinical studies with aminoglutethimide in breast cancer. ( Harvey, H; Kendall, J; Lipton, A; Ruby, EB; Samojlik, E; Santen, RJ; Wells, SA, 1977)
"Serum and urine were collected from 65 breast cancer patients and 36 controls after an overnight fast."	5.30	Urinary 2/16 alpha-hydroxyestrone ratio: correlation with serum insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 and a potential biomarker of breast cancer risk. ( Foo, SC; Ho, GH; Ji, CY; Luo, XW; Ng, EH, 1998)
"There was no change in the size of the uterine leiomyomata."	5.28	Tamoxifen prolongs luteal phase in premenopausal women but has no effect on the size of uterine fibroids. ( Baird, DT; Lumsden, MA; West, CP, 1989)
"Ketoconazole was poorly tolerated due to gastrointestinal toxicity."	5.27	High dose ketoconazole: endocrine and therapeutic effects in postmenopausal breast cancer. ( Cantwell, BM; Dowsett, M; Harris, AL, 1988)
" Ten patients with histologically proven endometrial hyperplasia were treated with Danazol at a dosage of 600 mg/day for 30 days."	5.27	Preliminary report on postmenopausal endometrial hyperplasia treatment with Danazol: histological and endocrinological aspects. ( Bulletti, C; Ciotti, P; Flamigni, C; Jasonni, VM; La Marca, L; Naldi, S; Vignudelli, A, 1986)
" The dosages of E3 employed appear to vary considerably, and the need was felt to establish the dosage on a scientific basis."	5.26	The significance of oestriol in the management of the post-menopause. ( Aksu, MF; Greenblatt, RB; Tzingounis, VA, 1980)
"Estriol was administered for a six-month period as estrogen replacement therapy to 52 symptomatic postmenopausal women."	5.26	Estriol in the management of the menopause. ( Aksu, MF; Greenblatt, RB; Tzingounis, VA, 1978)
"One hundred and one postmenopausal patients with advanced breast cancer were enrolled in a randomized phase II clinical trial to investigate the clinical and hormonal response to aminoglutethimide administered at daily doses of 2 x 125 mg, 3 x 125 mg or 2 x 250 mg, with no addition of hydrocortisone."	5.06	Low dose aminoglutethimide without hydrocortisone for the treatment of advanced postmenopausal breast cancer. ( Bonfrer, JM; Bruning, PF; de Jong-Bakker, M; Hart, AA; Moolenaar, AJ; Nooijen, WJ; van der Linden, E, 1989)
"4-Hydroxyandrostenedione (CGP32349; 4-OHA) is a clinically effective treatment for advanced postmenopausal breast cancer by both the parenteral and p."	5.06	Dose-related endocrine effects and pharmacokinetics of oral and intramuscular 4-hydroxyandrostenedione in postmenopausal breast cancer patients. ( Coombes, RC; Cunningham, DC; Dehennin, L; Dowsett, M; Evans, S; Hedley, A; Stein, RC, 1989)
"A group of 122 postmenopausal patients with histologically proven node-positive primary breast cancer have been randomized to receive aminoglutethimide-hydrocortisone or placebo aminoglutethimide-placebo hydrocortisone for 2 years."	5.05	Adjuvant aminoglutethimide therapy for postmenopausal patients with primary breast cancer: progress report. ( Bettelheim, R; Chilvers, C; Coombes, RC; Dowsett, M; Ford, HT; Gazet, JC; Gordon, C; Powles, TJ; Smith, IE; Zava, D, 1982)
"The effect of the dose of aminoglutethimide on the suppression of oestrone, oestradiol and dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHAS) levels was studied in 36 women with advanced postmenopausal breast cancer, all of whom received 20 mg hydrocortisone twice daily as replacement glucocorticoid."	5.05	Aminoglutethimide dose and hormone suppression in advanced breast cancer. ( Dowsett, M; Harris, AL; Jeffcoate, SL; Smith, IE, 1983)
"The endocrine effects of replacement doses of hydrocortisone in postmenopausal women with advanced breast cancer were compared with the same doses of hydrocortisone plus aminoglutethimide."	5.05	Hydrocortisone alone vs hydrocortisone plus aminoglutethimide: a comparison of the endocrine effects in postmenopausal breast cancer. ( Dowsett, M; Harris, AL; Jeffcoate, S; Smith, IE, 1984)
"Aminoglutethimide (AG) has antitumor activity in disseminated breast cancer similar to that of surgical adrenalectomy."	5.05	The role of aromatase inhibitors in breast cancer. ( Powles, TJ, 1983)
" Occult hypothyroidism reduces the rate of oestrogen inactivation by C2 hydroxylation, and 15-20% of women have low rates of C16 hydroxylation to oestriol."	4.76	Pathophysiologic considerations in the treatment of menopausal patients with oestrogens; the role of oestriol in the prevention of mammary carcinoma. ( Lemon, HM, 1980)
"Androstenedione, the main circulating ovarian hormone present after menopause, has been shown to positively correlate with poor spatial memory in an ovary-intact rodent model of follicular depletion, and to impair spatial memory when administered exogenously to surgically menopausal ovariectomized rats."	3.81	Pharmacological blockade of the aromatase enzyme, but not the androgen receptor, reverses androstenedione-induced cognitive impairments in young surgically menopausal rats. ( Acosta, JI; Alderete, TJ; Bimonte-Nelson, HA; Camp, BW; Demers, LM; Koebele, SV; Mennenga, SE; Mousa, AA; Tsang, CW, 2015)
"To describe changes in levels of cognitive symptoms (forgetting and difficulty concentrating) during the menopausal transition (MT) stages and early postmenopause, including effects of age, MT-related factors(MT stages, estrone, follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), testosterone), symptoms (hot flush, sleep, mood), health-related factors (alcohol use, smoking, exercise, perceived health), stress-related factors (perceived stress, history of sexual abuse, cortisol, catecholamines) and social factors (partner and parenting status, education, employment)."	3.77	Cognitive symptoms during the menopausal transition and early postmenopause. ( Mitchell, ES; Woods, NF, 2011)
"A subset of Seattle Midlife Women's Health Study (SMWHS) participants who provided data during the early reproductive, early and late menopausal transition stages, or postmenopause (n = 286), including menstrual calendars for staging the MT, annual health reports between 1990 and 2005, and morning urine samples assayed for estrone glucuronide (E(1)G), testosterone (T), and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) was included."	3.76	Sexual desire during the menopausal transition and early postmenopause: observations from the Seattle Midlife Women's Health Study. ( Mitchell, ES; Smith-Di Julio, K; Woods, NF, 2010)
" Daily oral MPG (1000 mg/kg body weight) for 2 weeks significantly recovered uterine and adrenal gland atrophy and restored serum estradiol, estrone and progesterone levels that were decreased in rats by bilateral ovariectomy."	3.76	Estrogenic effects of the herbal formula, menoprogen, in ovariectomized rats. ( Chung, MH; Hattori, M; Lu, Y; Ma, H; Nishihara, T, 2010)
"The aims of this study were to examine the association of smoking with the occurrence, frequency, and severity of hot flashes and to determine whether the mechanism by which active cigarette smoking increases the risk of hot flashes is by lowering estradiol and estrone levels."	3.73	Cigarette smoking, estrogen levels, and hot flashes in midlife women. ( Babus, J; Flaws, JA; Gallicchio, L; Lewis, LM; Miller, SR; Visvanathan, K; Zacur, H, 2006)
" Although angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition has been shown to prevent progression of the disease in postmenopausal women, the interaction of angiotensin II and estrogen in this process before and after the menopause is poorly understood."	3.70	Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition modulates cardiac fibroblast growth. ( Grohé, C; Kahlert, S; Löbbert, K; Neyses, L; Stimpel, M; van Eickels, M; Vetter, H, 1998)
"This study examines the cross-sectional association of hysterectomy and oophorectomy status, chronological age, and years since menopause with plasma levels of total and bioavailable testosterone and estradiol, androstenedione, estrone, and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) in community-dwelling postmenopausal women who were not using estrogen replacement therapy."	3.70	Hysterectomy, oophorectomy, and endogenous sex hormone levels in older women: the Rancho Bernardo Study. ( Barrett-Connor, E; Kritz-Silverstein, D; Laughlin, GA; von Mühlen, D, 2000)
"A major obstacle to the understanding of the mechanisms of action of aromatase inhibitors in breast cancer is the observation that plasma estrogens are sustained at about 30-50% of their control levels despite 85-95% inhibition of the conversion of tracer androstenedione (A) to estrone (E1)."	3.69	A sensitive assay for measurement of plasma estrone sulphate in patients on treatment with aromatase inhibitors. ( Ekse, D; Lønning, PE, 1995)
"Serum dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), estrone (E1), and estradiol (E2) levels were prospectively measured in 47 breast cancer patients before and during tamoxifen therapy for 2 years."	3.69	Changes in serum estrogen levels in women during tamoxifen therapy. ( Fletcher, WS; Lum, SS; Pommier, RF; Woltering, EA, 1997)
"The aim of this study was to investigate the possible role of epidermal growth factor (EGF) and of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) in physiological and pathological changes of the endometrial tissue during aging."	3.68	Role of growth factors in the human endometrium during aging. ( Costantini, C; de Cecco, L; Gallo, G; Leone, M; Massajoli, M; Messeni Leone, M; Voci, A, 1993)
"Aminoglutethimide is effective in the treatment of breast cancer in postmenopausal patients as a result of its inhibition of aromatase."	3.68	Low-dose aminoglutethimide in postmenopausal breast cancer: effects on adrenal and thyroid hormone secretion. ( Cantwell, BM; Dowsett, M; Harris, AL; Mehta, A, 1991)
"The effect of tamoxifen on the vaginal mucosa and on serum oestrone, oestradiol and gonadotrophin concentrations was investigated in a group of nine postmenopausal women with non-metastatic breast cancer."	3.68	Tamoxifen and partial oestrogen agonism in postmenopausal women. ( Burton, R; Castleden, CM; Ekelund, P; Miodrag, A, 1991)
"Values were determined by means of a ligand binding assay using 17-FE (17-fluoresceinated estrone) in 53 breast cancer patients."	3.68	[Fixation of fluorescent estrone derivative on human breast cancer cells. Correlation with age, menopause status and histopathology]. ( Alamy, H; Baltali, E; Bouih, A; el Gueddari, B; el Hafed, A; Kettani, F; Morchid, M; Souadka, A; Souadka, F; Wydadi, M, 1990)
"Plasma estrone sulphate ( E1S ) and estrone (E1) concentrations were determined in healthy postmenopausal women and in postmenopausal women with endometrial cancer, matched for body weight, age, and years since menopause."	3.67	Estrone sulphate plasma levels in postmenopausal women with and without endometrial cancer. ( Bolelli, G; Bonavia, M; Bulletti, C; Ciotti, P; Flamigni, C; Franceschetti, F; Jasonni, VM, 1984)
"Plasma androstenedione (A) and oestrone (E1) levels were measured by radioimmunoassay in a group of 78 healthy women who had undergone a natural menopause."	3.67	Plasma androstenedione and oestrone levels in the climacteric syndrome. ( Battaglia, F; Bini, E; Mango, D; Scirpa, P, 1984)
"Plasma 4-en-androstenedione, testosterone, estradiol and estrone were measured during the day in six healthy postmenopausal women and in six breast cancer patients, three of whom received treatment with glucocorticoids."	3.67	Lack of diurnal variation in plasma levels of androstenedione, testosterone, estrone and estradiol in postmenopausal women. ( Dowsett, M; Hardy, J; Jacobs, S; Lønning, PE; Powles, TJ; Schem, B, 1989)
"The activities of aromatase and estrone sulfatase which are important enzymes involved in the local production of estrogen in breast cancer tissue were measured to examine their availability in endocrine therapy and their clinical significance."	3.67	[Local production of estrogen via aromatase and estrone sulfatase in breast cancer tissue]. ( Utsumi, T, 1989)
"The endocrine effects of aminoglutethimide 125 mg twice daily and hydrocortisone 20 mg twice daily were assessed in 45 postmenopausal women with advanced breast cancer."	3.67	Endocrine effects of low dose aminoglutethimide with hydrocortisone--an optimal hormone suppressive regimen. ( Cantwell, BM; Dowsett, M; Farndon, J; Harris, AL; Needham, G; Sainsbury, JR; Wilson, R, 1986)
"The possibility that medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) is clinically effective at least in part by its suppression of adrenal steroidogenesis and a resultant reduction of circulating oestrogen levels was investigated in 49 postmenopausal patients with advanced breast cancer."	3.67	The effects of low and high dose medroxyprogesterone acetate on sex steroids and sex hormone binding globulin in postmenopausal breast cancer patients. ( Dowsett, M; Jeffcoate, SL; Lal, A; Smith, IE, 1987)
" This loss, combined with the low plasma concentrations of androstenedione, dehydroepiandrosterone, and testosterone (and low concentrations of oestrone of adrenal origin), indicates that adrenal androgens may be essential for the maintenance of bone mass in postmenopausal women with Addison's disease."	3.67	Bone mineral density in Addison's disease: evidence for an effect of adrenal androgens on bone mass. ( Crabbé, J; Devogelaer, JP; Nagant de Deuxchaisnes, C, 1987)
"5 mg, twice a day) aminoglutethimide (AG), without hydrocortisone (HC), escalating at monthly intervals to a conventional dose of AG (500 mg twice a day) combined with HC, were studied in 33 postmenopausal breast cancer patients."	3.67	Endocrine effects of low dose aminoglutethimide as an aromatase inhibitor in the treatment of breast cancer. ( D'Souza, A; Donaldson, A; Dowsett, M; Harris, AL; Jeffcoate, SL; Smith, IE; Stuart-Harris, R, 1985)
"The effects of aging as well as body weight on conversion of circulating Androstendione (A) to Estrone (E1) in 21 postmenopausal women of different ages and body weights have been studied."	3.67	[Effects of age and obesity on the conversion of androstenedione to estrone in postmenopausal women]. ( Ortega, E; Osorio, C; Ruiz, E, 1988)
"Estrone and estradiol-17 beta concentration in breast cancer tissue are reported to be an order of magnitude higher than those of circulating plasma in breast cancer patients."	3.67	[Serum estrone sulfate levels in patients with breast cancer]. ( Honjyo, H; Oka, T; Okada, H; Yasumura, T, 1988)
"The results of hCG stimulation on peripheral levels of androstenedione (A), testosterone (T) and estrone (E1) were examined in 14 patients with ovarian tumors and in 9 tumor-free subjects, after the menopause."	3.67	Response to human chorionic gonadotropin in patients with ovarian tumors. ( Iacona, T; Liberati, M; Mancuso, S; Mango, D; Manna, P; Ricci, S; Scirpa, P; Tartaglia, E, 1988)
"The conversion of 1 beta [3H] androstenedione to estrone in the presence of NADPH by breast cancer homogenates was assessed in tumors from 35 subjects together with estrogen and progesterone receptor concentration."	3.67	Aromatisation of androstenedione by human breast cancer tissue: correlation with hormone receptor activity and possible biologic significance. ( Bezwoda, WR; Dansey, R; Esser, JD; Mansoor, N, 1987)
"After infusion of 3H-oestradiol or 3H-oestrone into post-menopausal women with breast cancer, there was a significant uptake of both steroids by breast tumour and normal tissue."	3.67	A comparison of the in vivo uptake and metabolism of 3H-oestrone and 3H-oestradiol by normal breast and breast tumour tissues in post-menopausal women. ( Beranek, PA; Bonney, RC; Ghilchik, MW; James, VH; McNeill, JM; Reed, MJ; Robinson, DJ, 1986)
"Levels of circulating estrone (E1), estradiol (E2), androst-4-ene-3,17-dione (Adione), 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4), and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) were measured in 10 obese postmenopausal patients with breast cancer and in 10 obese postmenopausal control subjects matched for age, body size, and menopausal status."	3.67	Decrease of circulating level of SHBG in postmenopausal obese women as a risk factor in breast cancer: reversible effect of weight loss. ( Cardillo, LR; del Carmen Cremona, M; Enriori, CL; Etkin, AE; Orsini, W; Reforzo-Membrives, J, 1986)
"Oestrone sulphate, the oestrogen in highest concentration in the plasma, may play a role in the induction and growth of breast cancers."	3.67	Oestrone sulphate, adipose tissue, and breast cancer. ( Hawkins, RA; Killen, E; Thomson, ML, 1985)
"Postmenopausal women with metastatic breast cancer were treated with trilostane, initially 240 mg daily increasing after 3 days to 480 mg daily and after a further three days to 960 mg daily."	3.67	Hormonal changes in postmenopausal women with breast cancer treated with trilostane and dexamethasone. ( Beardwell, CG; Bu'lock, D; Hindley, AC; St John, J; Wilkinson, PM, 1985)
"Peripheral serum levels of cortisol, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHA), dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHA-S), oestradiol-17 beta and total oestrone were measured in 17 postmenopausal breast cancer patients and on age-matched healthy controls."	3.66	Effects of tamoxifen on the serum levels of oestrogens and adrenocortical steroids in postmenopausal breast cancer patients. ( Carlström, K; Sköldefors, H; Theve, NO; Wallgren, A; Wilking, N, 1982)
"An analysis of vasomotor, psychological, and physical symptoms of 136 women who were receiving piperazine oestrone sulphate (Ogen) and conjugated equine oestrogens (Premarin) after menopause has shown differences in responses which can be explained only if it is accepted that the two oestrogenic compounds have differing effects on various parts of the body."	3.66	Differential clinical response to oestrogens after menopause. ( Brown, LB; Routledge, DA; Wren, BG, 1982)
"To investigate the influence of obesity on hormonal parameters in 186 apparently healthy women and in 176 women suffering from severe obesity the serum concentrations of FSH, LH, estrone (E1), estradiol (E2), androstenedione (A) and testosterone (T) were determined radioimmunologically."	3.66	Influence of severe obesity on peripheral hormone concentrations in pre- and postmenopausal women. ( Klinga, K; Runnebaum, B; von Holst, T, 1983)
"Medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) was administered orally for at least 6 months to 25 patients with endometrial adenocarcinoma starting 1 week after hysterectomy and bilateral ovariectomy."	3.66	Effect of medroxyprogesterone acetate on serum levels of LH, FSH, cortisol, and estrone in patients with endometrial carcinoma. ( Backas, NE; Laatikainen, T; Pesonen, K; Stenman, UH; Vesterinen, E, 1981)
"Estradiol receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) content along with the cytosol and plasma estrone and estradiol levels in 15 premenopausal and 26 postmenopausal women with breast cancer in different clinical stages (T123, N01, M0) were measured."	3.66	Estradiol and progesterone receptor levels in human breast cancer in relation to cytosol and plasma estrogen level. ( Anghel, C; Drafta, D; Gangură, M; Neacşu, E; Panaitescu, G; Prişcu, A; Schindler, AE; Stroe, E, 1983)
"To evaluate the in vivo effect of delta 1-testololactone on peripheral aromatization, studies were performed on seven postmenopausal women with metastatic breast cancer."	3.66	In vivo effects of delta 1-testololactone on peripheral aromatization. ( Barone, RM; Gambone, JC; Judd, HL; Lasley, BL; Laufer, LR; Monfort, SL, 1982)
"Plasma androstenedione (A) levels and plasma oestrone (E1) levels were measured by radioimmunoassay in a total of 135 healthy women (the control group), around the menopause."	3.66	Plasma androstenedione and oestrone levels before and after the menopause. I. Glandular hyperplasia and adenocarcinoma of the endometrium. ( Battaglia, F; Mango, D; Montemurro, A; Scirpa, P; Scirpa, S, 1982)
" The levels of serum estrone, estradiol and estriol had a tendency of gradual decline after the age of 40, and decreased rapidly 3 years after menopause, but still remained in a certain level thereafter throughout the senile period."	3.66	[Serum sex steroid hormones in women with aging, and in the patients of climacteric syndrome and squamous cell carcinoma of the uterus]. ( Nishimura, T, 1982)
"Twenty women in the perimenopause were studied for 12 months during which sodium-piperazine-estrone-sulphate 2."	3.66	Treatment with oral estrone sulphate in the female climacteric. I. Influence on lipids. ( Johnson, P; Lagrelius, A; Lunell, NO; Samsioe, G, 1981)
"To study the relation between body weight and height and the plasma sex-hormone levels wer measured the plasma levels of oestrone (E1), oestradiol (E2) and androstenedione (A) in a group of healthy post-menopausal women with a wide range of body weight."	3.66	Plasma oestrone, oestradiol and androstenedione levels in post-menopausal women: relation to body weight and height. ( de Waard, F; Poortman, J; Thijssen, JH, 1981)
"Circulating estradiol (E2), estrone (E1), adrostenedione, and testosterone levels were measured in 40 normal postmenopausal women of widely varying body weights."	3.66	Relationship of fasting urinary calcium to circulating estrogen and body weight in postmenopausal women. ( Deftos, LJ; Frumar, AM; Geola, F; Judd, HL; Meldrum, DR; Shamonki, IM; Tataryn, IV, 1980)
"Plasma levels of oestrone and oestradiol-17beta were determined at 20 or 30 minute intervals for up to 24 hours in 26 postmenopausal or ovariectomised women of similar age, weight, and number of years since menopause or operation."	3.66	Relation between plasma oestrone and oestradiol and climacteric symptoms. ( Hutton, JD; Jacobs, HS; James, VH; Murray, MA, 1978)
"To study the contribution of adrenal glands to circulating estrogens in woman, the concentrations of estrone (E1), estradiol-17 beta (E2), and estriol (E3) in adrenal and peripheral venous blood were measured by radioimmunoassay and the grandular secretion of estrogens after ACTH stimulation was investigated by analyzing the adrenal vein levels of these steroids in patients with breast cancer who were undergoing a therapeutic adrenal operation."	3.66	Adrenal contribution to circulating estrogens in woman. ( Akamine, Y; Ibayashi, H; Kato, K; Nomura, Y; Wasada, T, 1978)
"In 55 patients after oophorectomy and 20 women after natural menopause an oral estrogen replacement therapy was performed with estrone-sulfate, estradiol 17-valerate, estriol-succinate, a combination of micronized estradiol and estriol (Estrifam, Trisequens), and natural conjugated estrogens."	3.66	Plasma concentrations of unconjugated and conjugated estrogens and gonadotrophins following application of various estrogen preparations after oophorectomy and in the menopause. ( Goessens, L; Lauritzen, C; Strecker, JR, 1979)
"The daily excretion of estrone, estradiol, and estriol was determined for 22 normal women and 35 women with primary breast cancer."	3.66	Urinary excretion of estrone, estradiol, and estriol in postmenopausal women with primary breast cancer. ( Dao, TL; Lonergan, PA; Morreal, CE; Nemoto, T, 1979)
"To determine if delta 1-testololactone can inhibit the peripheral aromatization of androstenedione (delta), nine postmenopausal women with metastatic breast cancer were studied before and after 2 weeks of therapy with 250 mg of the drug, given every 6 h by mouth."	3.66	Inhibition of peripheral aromatization of androstenedione to estrone in postmenopausal women with breast cancer using delta 1-testololactone. ( Barone, RM; Judd, HL; Shamonki, IM; Siiteri, PK, 1979)
"The concentrations of estrone (E1), androstenedione (A), testosterone (T) and sex-hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) in the serum were determined in 122 postmenopausal women, unselected with respect to age and stage of disease and with a newly diagnosed breast cancer."	3.66	Serum concentrations of estrone, androstenedione, testosterone and sex-hormone-binding globulin in postmenopausal women with breast cancer and in age-matched controls. ( Adami, HO; Johansson, ED; Vegelius, J; Victor, A, 1979)
"The purpose of this study was to ascertain if a relationship exists between the transfer constant of conversion of plasma androstenedione to estrone ([rho]AE1BU) and total body weight or excessive body weight in 50 postmenopausal women, of whom 25 had adenocarcinoma of the endometrium and 25 had no endometrial disease."	3.66	Effect of obesity on conversion of plasma androstenedione to estrone in postmenopausal women with and without endometrial cancer. ( Edman, CD; Hemsell, DL; MacDonald, PC; Porter, JC; Siiteri, PK, 1978)
"Plasma sex hormone concentrations (testosterone, (T), androstenedione (A), oestrone (E1) and oestradiol (E2) were measured in forty post-menopausal women more than 4 years post-normal menopause."	3.66	Sex hormone concentrations in post-menopausal women. ( Verdonck, L; Vermeulen, A, 1978)
"We have infused [6,7-3H]estrone or [6,7-3H]estradiol and [4-14C]estriol into seven women who had had breast cancer and into five normal postmenopausal women."	3.66	Estriol production rates and breast cancer. ( Longcope, C; Pratt, JH, 1978)
"Fifty-nine postmenopausal women with advanced breast cancer were treated with tamoxifen (antiestrogen), 20 mg orally twice a day for at least 2 months."	3.65	Tamoxifen (antiestrogen) therapy in advanced breast cancer. ( Kennedy, BJ; Kiang, DT, 1977)
" Firstly, by measuring the excretion of 12 estrogens in pooled human late pregnancy feces before and during the administration of ampicillin (2 g/day)."	3.65	Intestinal metabolism of estrogens. ( Adlercreutz, H; Dencker, H; Martin, F; Pulkkinen, M; Rimér, U; Sjöberg, NO; Tikkanen, MJ, 1976)
" The estrogens (estriol, estrone, 2-methoxyestrone, estradiol-17beta, estradiol-17alpha, 16-epiestriol, 17-epiestriol, 16-alpha-hydroxyestrone, 16beta-hydroxyestrone, 16oxoestradiol-17beta, and 15alpha-hydroxyestrone) were quantitatively determined in bile from 1 male and 3 postmenopausal women, in the urine of a nonpregnant woman, and in a 20 ml pool of late pregnancy plasma obtained from 10 women."	3.65	Mass fragmentographic determination of eleven estrogens in the body fluids of pregnant and nonpregnant subjects. ( Adlercreutz, H; Hunneman, DH; Tikkanen, MJ, 1974)
"Glycogen was measured fluorometrically in swab eluate."	2.84	Vaginal microbiota and genitourinary menopausal symptoms: a cross-sectional analysis. ( Blair, IA; Cohen, L; Fiedler, T; Fredricks, DN; Freeman, EW; Guthrie, KA; Hoffman, NG; Joffe, H; LaCroix, AZ; Liu, C; Mitchell, CM; Munch, M; Newton, K; Reed, SD; Srinivasan, S; Wu, MC; Zhan, X, 2017)
" The primary pharmacokinetic endpoints were Cmax, AUC(0-t), and AUC(0-inf) for the test and reference products, assessed for bioequivalence using the scaled average bioequivalence or unscaled average bioequivalence method."	2.80	Pharmacokinetics of the first combination 17β-estradiol/progesterone capsule in clinical development for menopausal hormone therapy. ( Amadio, JM; Bernick, B; Bon, C; Mirkin, S; Pickar, JH, 2015)
"Letrozole treatment reduced serum estrone (E1) and estradiol (E2) to near undetectable levels (p < 0."	2.70	Role of low levels of endogenous estrogen in regulation of bone resorption in late postmenopausal women. ( Heshmati, HM; Khosla, S; Melton, LJ; O'Fallon, WM; Riggs, BL; Robins, SP, 2002)
"1)."	2.68	[The effect of carbon disulphide on menopause, concentration of monoamines, gonadotropins, estrogens and androgens in women]. ( Pieleszek, A, 1997)
"The pharmacokinetic properties and biotransformation of two orally active oestrogens, piperazine oestrone sulphate (PE1S, 2."	2.67	Pharmacokinetics and biotransformation of orally administered oestrone sulphate and oestradiol valerate in post-menopausal women. ( Aedo, AR; Diczfalusy, E; Landgren, BM, 1990)
" There was a significant monotonic dose-response relationship of estrone sulfate in raising HDL levels, lowering LDL levels, and raising the HDL/LDL ratio at all intervals measured."	2.67	Effect of cyclic estrone sulfate treatment on lipid profiles of postmenopausal women with elevated cholesterol levels. ( Green, EM; Jennings, D; Katz-Karp, S; Lancaster, J; Notelovitz, M; Stoll, RW, 1990)
" The results showed reduced levels of both estrogens in smokers as compared with nonsmokers in all three dosage groups."	2.66	Cigarette smoking, serum estrogens, and bone loss during hormone-replacement therapy early after menopause. ( Christiansen, C; Jensen, J; Rødbro, P, 1985)
"Menopause is associated with a significant decline in levels of estrogen, which reportedly leads to several distressing symptoms and adverse health effects on various target tissues including those on bones, heart, and brain."	2.43	Clinical pharmacology and differential cognitive efficacy of estrogen preparations. ( Asthana, S; Atwood, C; Carlsson, CM; Gleason, CE; Johnson, S, 2005)
" The oestrogen preparations available, the dosage schemes, and the modes of administration are the main aspects of therapy which will be discussed in this paper."	2.36	Oestrogen therapy in the peri-menopause: A practical approach. ( Haspels, AA, 1980)
" While this regimen effectively blocked adrenal function, it was complicated by a drug interaction in which aminoglutethimide accelerated the metabolism and reduced the bioavailability of dexamethasone."	2.36	Kinetic, hormonal and clinical studies with aminoglutethimide in breast cancer. ( Harvey, H; Kendall, J; Lipton, A; Ruby, EB; Samojlik, E; Santen, RJ; Wells, SA, 1977)
"Obesity is associated with metabolic dysfunction with sex differences and chronic, low-grade inflammation."	1.40	Complement receptors C5aR and C5L2 are associated with metabolic profile, sex hormones, and liver enzymes in obese women pre- and postbariatric surgery. ( Cianflone, K; Lapointe, M; Marceau, P; Rezvani, R; Smith, J; Tchernof, A, 2014)
"Menopause is associated with changes in bone, muscle and fat mass."	1.38	Increased 2-hydroxylation of estrogen is associated with lower body fat and increased lean body mass in postmenopausal women. ( Armamento-Villareal, RC; Giri, TK; Napoli, N; Nekkalapu, S; Qualls, C; Vattikuti, S; Yarramaneni, J, 2012)
"Serum and urine were collected from 65 breast cancer patients and 36 controls after an overnight fast."	1.30	Urinary 2/16 alpha-hydroxyestrone ratio: correlation with serum insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 and a potential biomarker of breast cancer risk. ( Foo, SC; Ho, GH; Ji, CY; Luo, XW; Ng, EH, 1998)
"Two-hundred and six breast cancer cases were histologically confirmed breast cancer diagnoses at the Cancer Institute in Chennai (Madras), India."	1.30	A study on serum carotenoid levels in breast cancer patients of Indian women in Chennai (Madras), India. ( Gajalakshmi, KC; Ito, Y; Sasaki, R; Shanta, V; Suzuki, K, 1999)
"We have previously shown that human breast cancer is autonomous in the regulation of its intra-tissue oestradiol concentration."	1.28	On the significance of in situ production of oestrogens in human breast cancer tissue. ( Blankenstein, MA; Daroszewski, J; Donker, GH; Maitimu-Smeele, I; Milewicz, A; Thijssen, JH, 1992)
"Treatment with Danazol had no significant effect on tissue levels of 3H E1S or on the CRE1S E1 or MCR-E1S."	1.28	The origin of oestrone sulphate in normal and malignant breast tissues in postmenopausal women. ( Ghilchik, MW; Purohit, A; Reed, MJ; Riaz, AA, 1992)
"Estrone levels were not measurable with a sensitive RIA technique."	1.28	Endogenous estrogen levels in postmenopausal women with severe urogenital atrophy. ( Heimer, G; Nilsson, K, 1992)
"Estrone was also positively related to androstenedione concentrations (r = 0."	1.28	Reliability and interrelations among serum sex hormones in postmenopausal women. ( Cauley, JA; Gutai, JP; Kuller, LH; Powell, JG, 1991)
"E1/E2 ratio in cervical cancer patients was higher than that in normal postmenopausal women (P less than 0."	1.28	[Plasma estrogen level in patients with cervical cancer]. ( Zheng, Y, 1990)
"There was no change in the size of the uterine leiomyomata."	1.28	Tamoxifen prolongs luteal phase in premenopausal women but has no effect on the size of uterine fibroids. ( Baird, DT; Lumsden, MA; West, CP, 1989)
" This study demonstrates that smoking exerts a powerful inducing effect on the 2-hydroxylation pathway of estradiol metabolism, which is likely to lead to decreased bioavailability at estrogen target tissues."	1.27	Increased 2-hydroxylation of estradiol as a possible mechanism for the anti-estrogenic effect of cigarette smoking. ( Bradlow, HL; Fishman, J; Hershcopf, RJ; Michnovicz, JJ; Naganuma, H, 1986)
" Forty-two climacteric women were studied before and after treatment with various drugs at different doses (patients receiving identical compounds served as their own controls for the evaluation of dosage effects; duration of medication: 14 days at each dose)."	1.27	Effects of various replacement oestrogens on hepatic transcortin synthesis in climacteric women. ( Hammerstein, J; Moltz, L; Schneller, E; Schwartz, U; Volger, H, 1983)
"5-mg dosage of VCE raised estrone levels to values similar to those in premenopausal women in the late follicular phase, and estradiol concentrations were similar to early follicular phase concentrations."	1.27	Biological effects of various doses of vaginally administered conjugated equine estrogens in postmenopausal women. ( Eggena, P; Geola, FL; Hershman, JM; Judd, HL; Lu, JH; Mandel, FP; Meldrum, DR; Sambhi, MP, 1983)
" The most sensitive marker was vaginal cytology, with the E2 dosage reverting the maturation index to premenopausal values."	1.27	Estrogen replacement therapy by transdermal estradiol administration. ( DeFazio, JL; Eggena, P; Hershman, JM; Judd, HL; Laufer, LR; Lu, JK; Meldrum, DR; Sambhi, MP, 1983)
"Oestrone levels were found to be significantly higher in patients with endometrial carcinoma."	1.27	Hormonal profile of endometrial cancer. ( Eibschitz, I; Levitan, Z; Oettinger, M; Samberg, I; Sharf, M, 1984)
" A dose-response relation was apparent for these hormones; mean plasma levels increased concomitantly with cigarette consumption."	1.27	Cigarette smoking and levels of adrenal androgens in postmenopausal women. ( Barrett-Connor, E; Khaw, KT; Tazuke, S, 1988)
"We report two cases of metastatic breast cancer occurring in two postmenopausal women."	1.27	Two partial remissions induced by an LHRH analogue in two postmenopausal women with metastatic breast cancer. ( Guiochet, N; Keiling, R; Schwartz, L, 1988)
"Ketoconazole was poorly tolerated due to gastrointestinal toxicity."	1.27	High dose ketoconazole: endocrine and therapeutic effects in postmenopausal breast cancer. ( Cantwell, BM; Dowsett, M; Harris, AL, 1988)
"Naloxone infusion was performed in basal conditions and after chronic oral treatment with conjugated estrogens (CE) (1."	1.27	Sex steroids modulate prolactin response to naloxone in postmenopausal women. ( Cagnacci, A; Fioretti, P; Gambacciani, M; Mais, V; Melis, GB; Paoletti, AM; Petacchi, FD, 1985)
"We conducted a dose-response study in 23 postmenopausal women to compare the physiologic effects of transdermal estradiol and oral conjugated equine estrogens."	1.27	Biologic effects of transdermal estradiol. ( Alkjaersig, NK; Chetkowski, RJ; Eggena, P; Fletcher, AP; Hershman, JM; Judd, HL; Lu, JK; Meldrum, DR; Randle, D; Steingold, KA, 1986)
" It was concluded that transdermal administration of E2 at the dosage employed produces a physiological plasma protein distribution of E2 and E1 and does not affect liver protein production."	1.27	Biological and endocrine aspects of transdermal 17 beta-oestradiol administration in post-menopausal women. ( Bulletti, C; Ciotti, P; Di Cosmo, D; Flamigni, C; Jasonni, VM; Lazzaretto, R; Naldi, S, 1988)
"Estrone levels were independently related to radial bone density."	1.27	Endogenous estrogen levels and calcium intakes in postmenopausal women. Relationships with cortical bone measures. ( Cauley, JA; Gutai, JP; Kuller, LH; LeDonne, D; Powell, JG; Sandler, RB; Sashin, D, 1988)
" Ten patients with histologically proven endometrial hyperplasia were treated with Danazol at a dosage of 600 mg/day for 30 days."	1.27	Preliminary report on postmenopausal endometrial hyperplasia treatment with Danazol: histological and endocrinological aspects. ( Bulletti, C; Ciotti, P; Flamigni, C; Jasonni, VM; La Marca, L; Naldi, S; Vignudelli, A, 1986)
"When levonorgestrel was used in doses as low as 30 micrograms daily, there was no change in cholesterol levels over a period of 6 mth, suggesting that the adverse effect of the androgenic type progestogens is dose-related and is probably only significant when extremely high dosages are administered."	1.27	The effect of low-dose piperazine oestrone sulphate and low-dose levonorgestrel on blood lipid levels in post-menopausal women. ( Garrett, D; Wren, B, 1985)
"94 patients with endometrial cancer and double that number of matched controls were examined."	1.26	Doubts about oestrogen therapy in postmenopausal women. ( , 1976)
"Urinary incontinence was treated conservatively in 100 patients."	1.26	Conservative treatment of urinary incontinence in women with special reference to the use of oestrogens. ( Kilkku, P; Kiukko, P; Punnonen, R; Rauramo, L, 1981)
" Each dosage of each formulation was ingested by three women."	1.26	Comparison of pharmacodynamic properties of various estrogen formulations. ( Brenner, PF; Dozono-Takano, R; Eggena, P; Lobo, RA; Mashchak, CA; Mishell, DR; Nakamura, RM, 1982)
" It is concluded that the effects of estrogens on the endocrine system in peri- and postmenopausal women are influenced by chemical structure, dosage and mode of administration of the estrogen as well as by the endogenous hormone profile."	1.26	Treatment with oral estrone sulphate in the female climacteric. II. Hormonal aspects. ( Carlström, K; Lagrelius, A; Lunell, NO, 1981)
" The dosages of E3 employed appear to vary considerably, and the need was felt to establish the dosage on a scientific basis."	1.26	The significance of oestriol in the management of the post-menopause. ( Aksu, MF; Greenblatt, RB; Tzingounis, VA, 1980)
"Since unopposed estrogen therapy, as well as overly high doses, has been implicated in increasing the risk for endometrial cancer, this study tried to determine the effect of reducing the daily amount of estrogen and dividing that reduced dosage into 3 daily doses."	1.26	Pharmacokinetic studies on low dose estradiol 17 beta administered orally to postmenopausal women. ( Lähteenmäki, P; Luukkainen, T; Sipinen, S, 1980)
"Obesity is a physiological state associated with alterations in hormone production and metabolism."	1.26	Obesity, hormones, and cancer. ( Ertel, N; Kirschner, MA; Schneider, G, 1981)
"To study the effects of exogenous estrogens on the postmenopausal endometrium, and to determine the time course and minimum dosage of added progestins necessary to oppose estrogen stimulation, we obtained endometrial specimens from symptomatic postmenopausal women being treated with various preparations of estrogens and progestins."	1.26	Effects of estrogens and progestins on the biochemistry and morphology of the postmenopausal endometrium. ( King, RJ; Pryse-Davies, J; Ryder, TA; Townsend, PT; Whitehead, MI, 1981)
"Crystalline oestradiol-17 beta is poorly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract."	1.26	Oral versus vaginal absorption in oestradiol in postmenopausal women. Effects of different particles sizes. ( Englund, DE; Johansson, ED, 1981)
"Estrone sulfate levels were measured in the plasma of 63 postmenopausal women."	1.26	Plasma estrone sulfate levels in postmenopausal women. ( Bleau, G; Chapdelaine, A; Roberts, KD; Rochefort, JG, 1980)
" Requisites of such therapy are a through history to establish a real need, a complete gynecologic examination with a Pap smear before therapy begins and annually afterward, use of the smallest daily dose of estrogen that gives the desired effect, and periodic attempts to reduce the dosage or stop the hormone."	1.26	Estrogens for the menopause. Maximizing benefits, minimizing risks. ( Seller, JC, 1977)
"Estriol was administered for a six-month period as estrogen replacement therapy to 52 symptomatic postmenopausal women."	1.26	Estriol in the management of the menopause. ( Aksu, MF; Greenblatt, RB; Tzingounis, VA, 1978)
"Women who had had breast cancer were compared to a group of normal controls and were also found to have similar blood production rates for estriol, estrone, and estradiol."	1.26	Relationship between urine and plasma estrogen ratios. ( Longcope, C; Pratt, JH, 1978)
"Estrone production was 68 microng/day, most of which could be accounted fo by the extraglandular formation from androstenedione."	1.26	The origin of androgen and estrogen in a virilized postmenopausal woman with bilateral benign cystic teratomas. ( Aiman, J; Edman, CD; Jacobs, A; MacDonald, PC; Nalick, RH; Porter, JC; Vellios, F, 1977)
"Androstenedione metabolism was studied at the New York Medical College-Metropolitan Hospital Center in 14 patients with endometrial cancer."	1.26	Androstenedione metabolism in patients with endometrial cancer. ( Calanog, A; Gordon, GG; Sall, S; Southren, AL, 1977)
"When estrone-(3)H was infused, constancy of estrone-(3)H levels was not attained in either the 2-hr infusions or in the two 12-hr infusions."	1.25	A study of estrogen metabolic clearance rates and transfer factors. ( Bardin, CW; Hembree, WC; Lipsett, MB, 1969)
"In patients with breast and prostate cancer hormone excretion patterns differ in a similar way from patterns in persons without cancer."	1.24	HORMONE EXCRETION PATTERNS IN BREAST AND PROSTATE CANCER ARE ABNORMAL. ( HOPKINS, CE; MARMORSTON, J; STERN, E; WEINER, JM, 1964)

Research

Studies (578)

Authors

Clinical Trials (13)

Trial Overview

Trial Outcomes

Change From Pre-intervention to Intervention Endpoint in Behavioral Inhibition Subscale Score

Timeframe	Studies, this research(%)	All Research%
pre-1990	462 (79.93)	18.7374
1990's	71 (12.28)	18.2507
2000's	25 (4.33)	29.6817
2010's	16 (2.77)	24.3611
2020's	4 (0.69)	2.80

Authors	Studies
Napoli, N	1
Vattikuti, S	1
Yarramaneni, J	1
Giri, TK	1
Nekkalapu, S	1
Qualls, C	1
Armamento-Villareal, RC	1
Berg, D	1
Sonsalla, R	1
Kuss, E	1
Schinfeld, JS	1
Tulchinsky, D	2
Schiff, I	2
Fishman, J	4
Ursin, G	1
London, S	1
Stanczyk, FZ	4
Gentzschein, E	1
Paganini-Hill, A	2
Ross, RK	4
Pike, MC	2
Ziegler, RG	2
Rossi, SC	1
Fears, TR	2
Bradlow, HL	3
Adlercreutz, H	7
Sepkovic, D	1
Kiuru, P	1
Wahala, K	1
Vaught, JB	2
Donaldson, JL	2
Falk, RT	1
Fillmore, CM	1
Siiteri, PK	12
Hoover, RN	2
Gail, MH	2
Ho, GH	1
Luo, XW	1
Ji, CY	1
Foo, SC	1
Ng, EH	1
Westerlind, KC	1
Gibson, KJ	1
Wolfe, P	1
Michnovicz, JJ	1
Hershcopf, RJ	1
Naganuma, H	1
Kling, JM	3
Dowling, NM	3
Bimonte-Nelson, H	3
Gleason, CE	4
Kantarci, K	3
Stonnington, CM	3
Harman, SM	5
Naftolin, F	3
Pal, L	3
Cedars, M	3
Manson, JE	3
James, TT	3
Brinton, EA	3
Miller, VM	3
Kawakita, T	1
Yasui, T	3
Yoshida, K	1
Matsui, S	1
Iwasa, T	1
Grummisch, JA	1
Sykes Tottenham, L	1
Gordon, JL	1
Ideno, Y	1
Onizuka, Y	1
Nakajima-Shimada, J	1
Shinozaki, H	1
Hayashi, K	1
van Winden, LJ	1
Kok, M	1
Acda, M	1
Dezentje, V	1
Linn, S	1
Shi, RZ	1
van Rossum, HH	1
Mitchell, CM	1
Srinivasan, S	1
Zhan, X	1
Wu, MC	1
Reed, SD	1
Guthrie, KA	1
LaCroix, AZ	1
Fiedler, T	1
Munch, M	1
Liu, C	1
Hoffman, NG	1
Blair, IA	1
Newton, K	1
Freeman, EW	1
Joffe, H	1
Cohen, L	1
Fredricks, DN	1
Thurston, RC	1
Bhasin, S	1
Chang, Y	2
Barinas-Mitchell, E	1
Matthews, KA	3
Jasuja, R	1
Santoro, N	4
Veldhuis, JD	2
Dyer, RB	1
Trushin, SA	1
Bondar, OP	1
Singh, RJ	1
Klee, GG	1
Woods, NF	4
Cray, L	1
Mitchell, ES	4
Herting, JR	1
Rezvani, R	1
Smith, J	1
Lapointe, M	1
Marceau, P	1
Tchernof, A	1
Cianflone, K	1
Mennenga, SE	1
Koebele, SV	1
Mousa, AA	1
Alderete, TJ	1
Tsang, CW	2
Acosta, JI	1
Camp, BW	1
Demers, LM	3
Bimonte-Nelson, HA	2
Pickar, JH	1
Bon, C	1
Amadio, JM	1
Mirkin, S	1
Bernick, B	1
Swanepoel, AC	1
Naidoo, P	1
Nielsen, VG	1
Pretorius, E	1
Crandall, CJ	1
Guan, M	1
Laughlin, GA	2
Ursin, GA	1
Ingles, SA	1
Barrett-Connor, E	3
Greendale, GA	3
COULTON, D	1
SEWALL, CW	1
Finni, T	1
Kovanen, V	1
Ronkainen, PH	1
Pöllänen, E	1
Bashford, GR	1
Kaprio, J	1
Alén, M	1
Kujala, UM	1
Sipilä, S	1
O'Connor, KA	1
Ferrell, RJ	1
Brindle, E	1
Shofer, J	1
Holman, DJ	1
Miller, RC	1
Schechter, DE	1
Singer, B	1
Weinstein, M	1
Lønning, PE	4
Helle, H	1
Duong, NK	1
Ekse, D	3
Aas, T	1
Geisler, J	1
Smith-Di Julio, K	1
Ma, H	1
Chung, MH	1
Lu, Y	1
Nishihara, T	1
Hattori, M	1
Shimizu, Y	2
Franklin, SL	1
Engler-Chiurazzi, EB	1
Talboom, JS	1
Braden, BB	1
Mennenga, S	1
Andrews, M	1
Wilborn, WH	1
Hyde, BM	1
Vardy, MD	1
Lindsay, R	1
Scotti, RJ	1
Mikhail, M	1
Richart, RM	1
Nieves, J	1
Zion, M	1
Cosman, F	1
BERGER, J	1
KELLER, M	1
CALDERON DE LAGUNA, J	1
AGUILAR, OR	1
SCIARRA, F	1
LUCHETTI, L	1
DE FELICE, M	1
RAURAMO, L	4
GROENROOS, M	1
NISSEN-MEYER, R	3
SANNER, T	1
LEMON, HM	4
PARSONS, L	2
MOZDEN, PH	1
KECSKES, L	1
KOBOR, J	1
MUTSEHLER, F	1
LAURITZEN, C	4
STERN, E	2
HOPKINS, CE	2
WEINER, JM	1
MARMORSTON, J	2
BARANOV, VG	1
BLAGOSKLONNAIA, IaV	1
NIKOLAENKO, NF	1
PODOLSKAIA, IIu	1
RAFALSKII, IaD	1
ROZOVSKAIA, IT	1
SAVCHENKO, ON	1
STEPANOV, GS	1
SKOLOV, EG	1
MOZDEN, PJ	1
PERSSON, BH	1
RISHOLM, L	1
ROSNER, F	1
LEE, SL	1
OLINA, A	1
CROWLEY, LG	1
MYERS, SM	1
BIRNBERG, CH	1
SHERBER, DA	1
BRANDMAN, LJ	1
Lasley, B	2
McConnell, D	2
Allsworth, J	1
Crawford, S	3
Gold, EB	2
Finkelstein, JS	1
Kelsey, J	1
Korenman, S	1
Luborsky, JL	3
Matthews, K	1
Midgley, R	1
Powell, L	2
Sabatine, J	1
Schocken, M	1
Sowers, MF	2
Weiss, G	3
HAHN, H	1
Sharp, L	1
Cardy, AH	1
Cotton, SC	1
Little, J	1
Noh, JJ	1
Maskarinec, G	1
Pagano, I	1
Cheung, LW	1
Carlsson, CM	1
Johnson, S	1
Atwood, C	1
Asthana, S	1
Kavanagh, K	1
Koudy Williams, J	1
Wagner, JD	1
Gallicchio, L	1
Miller, SR	1
Visvanathan, K	1
Lewis, LM	1
Babus, J	1
Zacur, H	1
Flaws, JA	1
Wright, JV	1
Pasternak, RC	1
Sutton-Tyrrell, K	1
Sowers, M	2
Lebrun, CE	1
van der Schouw, YT	1
de Jong, FH	1
Pols, HA	1
Grobbee, DE	1
Lamberts, SW	1
Curcio, JJ	1
Wollner, DA	1
Schmidt, JW	1
Kim, LS	1
Meyer, PM	1
Zeger, SL	1
Harlow, SD	1
Janssen, I	1
McConnell, DS	1
Randolph, JF	2
Bochkareva, NV	1
Kondakova, IV	1
Kolomiets, LA	1
Muntyan, AB	1
Shevchenko, VP	1
Nagaev, IY	1
Shevchenko, KV	1
Myasoedov, NF	1
Dorofeeva, NN	1
Smith-DiJulio, K	1
Percival, DB	1
Tao, EY	1
VOGEL, M	1
McGAVACK, TH	1
MELLOW, J	1
Crawford, SL	1
Lasley, WL	1
Korenman, SG	1
Whittaker, PG	1
Morgan, MR	1
Dean, PD	1
Cameron, EH	1
Lind, T	1
Masarei, JR	1
Armstrong, BK	1
Skinner, MW	1
Ratajczak, T	1
Hähnel, R	1
Crooke, D	1
Clarke, HT	1
Grönroos, M	4
Kauppila, O	1
Pulkkinen, M	2
Turunen, S	1
Salmi, T	1
Raekallio, J	1
Varma, TR	4
Morsman, J	1
Kapetanakis, E	1
Dmowski, WP	1
Auletta, F	1
Scommegna, A	1
Coombes, RC	4
Chilvers, C	1
Dowsett, M	17
Gazet, JC	2
Ford, HT	1
Bettelheim, R	1
Gordon, C	1
Smith, IE	9
Zava, D	1
Powles, TJ	4
Wilking, N	2
Carlström, K	19
Sköldefors, H	1
Theve, NO	1
Wallgren, A	1
Adami, HO	4
Axelsson, O	1
Vegelius, J	2
Akerström, G	1
Harris, AL	10
Jeffcoate, SL	5
Pelusi, G	3
Moretti, B	2
Martinelli, G	2
Camerini, T	1
Busacchi, P	2
Cavallina, R	2
Brody, S	3
von Uexküll, AK	2
Lagrelius, A	6
Lunell, NO	7
Rosenborg, L	3
Bonney, RC	4
Scanlon, MJ	2
Reed, MJ	16
Jones, DL	2
Beranek, PA	7
James, VH	18
Jeffcoate, S	1
Stuart-Harris, RC	1
Paterson, ME	1
Sturdee, DW	1
Moore, B	1
Whitehead, TP	1
Bhavnani, BR	2
Sarda, IR	1
Woolever, CA	1
King, RJ	4
Townsend, PT	4
Whitehead, MI	7
Towobola, OA	1
Crilly, RC	1
Oakey, RE	1
Luisi, M	2
Franchi, F	2
Kicovic, PM	1
Hintz, BL	1
Kagan, AR	1
Gilbert, HA	1
Rao, AR	1
Chan, P	1
Nussbaum, H	1
Coope, J	1
Helgason, S	4
Damber, MG	7
Damber, JE	2
Selstam, G	2
von Schoultz, B	12
Punnonen, R	4
Kilkku, P	1
Kiukko, P	1
Stigbrand, T	2
Mashchak, CA	1
Lobo, RA	3
Dozono-Takano, R	1
Eggena, P	4
Nakamura, RM	2
Brenner, PF	2
Mishell, DR	2
Wren, BG	2
Brown, LB	1
Routledge, DA	1
Samojlik, E	8
Santen, RJ	8
Worgul, TJ	2
Schwartz, U	1
Volger, H	1
Schneller, E	1
Moltz, L	1
Hammerstein, J	1
Mandel, FP	1
Geola, FL	1
Meldrum, DR	5
Lu, JH	1
Sambhi, MP	2
Hershman, JM	3
Judd, HL	16
Routledge, AD	1
Davidson, K	1
McCormick, W	1
Singer, F	1
Roy, S	2
Jasonni, VM	8
Bulletti, C	9
Bolelli, GF	3
Franceschetti, F	6
Bonavia, M	6
Ciotti, P	8
Flamigni, C	9
Laufer, LR	3
DeFazio, JL	1
Lu, JK	2
Falsetti, L	1
Omodei, U	1
Dordoni, D	1
Scagliola, P	1
Turla, R	1
Zotti, L	1
Archetti, L	1
Klinga, K	3
von Holst, T	3
Runnebaum, B	3
Yoshimoto, S	1
Fujita, T	1
Tataryn, IV	2
Frumar, AM	3
Erlik, Y	1
Lu, KH	1
Crilly, RG	4
Francis, RM	1
Nordin, BE	8
Marshall, DH	7
Barkworth, SA	1
Wells, SA	4
Lucisano, A	2
Acampora, MG	2
Russo, N	2
Maniccia, E	2
Montemurro, A	3
Dell'Acqua, S	2
Vermeulen-Meiners, C	2
Jaszmann, LJ	1
Haspels, AA	3
Poortman, J	9
Thijssen, JH	16
Longcope, C	16
Baker, RS	2
Hui, SL	4
Johnston, CC	7
Friedrich, EG	1
Kalra, PS	2
Prost, O	2
Turrel, MO	1
Dahan, N	1
Craveur, C	1
Adessi, GL	2
Holst, J	3
Einhorn, N	1
Fredricsson, B	1
Sundelin, P	1
Davidson, BJ	3
Lagasse, LD	2

Trial	Phase	Enrollment	Study Type	Start Date	Status
Effects of Estrogen Replacement on Atherosclerosis Progression in Recently Menopausal Women[NCT00154180]	Phase 4	728 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2005-09-30	Active, not recruiting
Defining the Vaginal Microbiome and the Vaginal pH of Menopausal Women With and Without Genitourinary Syndrome and With and Without Hormone Replacement Therapy[NCT05122065]		432 participants (Anticipated)	Observational	2021-12-01	Not yet recruiting
A Multicenter, Open-label Randomized Study on the Efficacy, Cycle Control and Safety of a Contraceptive Vaginal Ring Delivering a Daily Dose of Nestorone® and Estradiol (NES-E2 CVR).[NCT03432416]	Phase 2	300 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2018-02-12	Recruiting
A Mechanistic Examination of Continuous Cycle Oral Contractive Administration in Binge Eating[NCT04278755]	Phase 2	8 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2020-09-24	Terminated (stopped due to Halted prematurely due to COVID-19-related enrollment challenges.)
Characterizing the Neural Substrates of Irritability in Women: an Experimental Neuroendocrine Model[NCT04051320]	Phase 2	23 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2020-01-02	Completed
Pharmacokinetic Aspects of 25-mg Estradiol Pellet in Climacteric Women Comprehensive Longitudinal Assessment of Release With Estradiol Pellet Analysis (CLARA Study)[NCT06136208]		25 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2023-10-27	Recruiting
Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) Glycosylation in Women: Effect of Estradiol[NCT03868202]	Phase 2	10 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2019-07-03	Recruiting
The Effects of Estrogen Replacement Therapy in Postmenopausal Women With Hypercalciuria and Low Bone Mass[NCT01928082]	Phase 2	1 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2013-08-01	Terminated (stopped due to The fellow conducting the recruitment and screening left the institution)
Aromatase Inhibitors: Skeletal Effects and the Role of CYP19 Gene Polymorphisms[NCT00603967]		151 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2006-03-31	Completed
The Effects of Testosterone and Nutritional Supplementation, Alone and Combined, on the Adverse Effects of Under-Nutrition in the Elderly[NCT00117000]	Phase 3	200 participants	Interventional	2003-07-31	Active, not recruiting
Effectiveness of Physiotherapy Treatment to Improve the Flow on Vascular Area of the Endometrial / Subendometrial in Uterus of Infertile Women With Hypoestrogenemia Evaluated by Three-dimensional Ultrasound Angiography.[NCT02437435]		54 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2018-08-01	Completed
[NCT00005223]		0 participants	Observational	1988-04-30	Completed
Effect of DHEA on Skin Aging - Placebo-Controlled and Randomized Phase III Study in Postmenopausal Women.[NCT00248989]	Phase 3	150 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2004-11-01	Completed
[information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024]

The Behavioral Inhibition/Behavioral Activation questionnaire will be used to assess behavioural inhibition (BI). The minimum score on the BI subscale is 7, maximum 28. Greater scores indicate greater BI. Change is defined as the average change in BI from pre-intervention to intervention. (NCT04278755)
Timeframe: Pre-intervention (week 1) to intervention endpoint (week 12)

Change From Pre-intervention to Intervention Endpoint in Binge Eating Sum Score

Intervention	score on a scale (Mean)
Continuous OC	1.43

"Binge eating will be measured using the 8-item binge eating subscale of the Eating Pathology Symptoms Inventory (EPSI), which measures features of binge eating (e.g., consumption of large quantities of food, mindless eating) on a 5-point Likert scale from never to very often. The EPSI scale is designed to assess behavior over the past 28 days. Items are summed for a scale score ranging from 0-32. Higher scores indicate more frequent experiences with binge eating behavior. Change is defined as the average change in the binge eating scale score from pre-intervention to intervention." (NCT04278755)
Timeframe: Pre-intervention (week 1) to intervention endpoint (week 12)

Change From Pre-intervention to Intervention Endpoint in Delay Discounting Parameter k

Intervention	score on a scale (Mean)
Continuous OC	-6.60

The Monetary Choice Questionnaire will be used to measure delay discounting. Participants will be asked to make a series of hypothetical choices between small, sooner (impulsive) vs. larger, later (self controlled) hypothetical monetary outcomes. k is a hyperbolic function with larger k values indicating more valuation of a larger delayed reward and smaller values indicating preference for more immediate, smaller rewards (more impulsivity). k can range from 0 to .25 with scores of .25 indicating complete valuation of the immediate reward and 0 indicating complete valuation of the larger, delayed reward. Change is defined as the average change in k from pre-intervention to intervention. (NCT04278755)
Timeframe: Pre-intervention (week 1) to intervention endpoint (week 12)

Change From Pre-intervention to Intervention Endpoint in Nucleus Accumbens Signal Intensity in Response to Reward During the Monetary Incentive Delay Task (MIDT)

Intervention	k value (Mean)
Continuous OC	.01

"Nucleus Accumbens (NAcc) reactivity to reward during the Monetary Incentive Delay (MIDT) task compared pre and post treatment. During MIDT task, participants respond to win trials by pressing a button on a button box in the MRI as quickly as possible when they see a target. Reactivity is measured by examining participant's change in blood-oxygen-level dependent (BOLD) (i.e., measurement of oxygen level that is carried to neurons by red blood cells since areas of the brain that are thought to be more active or involved in certain tasks require more oxygen) in response to a stimulus of interest (win trials) versus non-stimulus (non-win trials). Percent signal change in BOLD activation between monetary reward versus non-reward is the outcome of interest. Percent signal change is then compared pre- and post-treatment." (NCT04278755)
Timeframe: Pre-intervention (week 1) to intervention endpoint (week 12)

Change From Pre-intervention to Intervention Endpoint in Prefrontal Cortex Signal Intensity in Response to Reward During the Monetary Incentive Delay Task (MIDT)

Intervention	percentage signal change (Mean)
Continuous OC	.0423

"Prefrontal cortex reactivity to reward during the Monetary Incentive Delay (MIDT) task compared pre and post treatment. During MIDT task, participants respond to win trials by pressing a button on a button box in the MRI as quickly as possible when they see a target. Reactivity is measured by examining participant's change in blood-oxygen-level dependent (BOLD) (i.e., measurement of oxygen level that is carried to neurons by red blood cells since areas of the brain that are thought to be more active or involved in certain tasks require more oxygen) in response to a stimulus of interest (win trials) versus non-stimulus (non-win trials). Percent signal change in BOLD activation between monetary reward versus non-reward is the outcome of interest. Percent signal change is then compared pre- and post-treatment." (NCT04278755)
Timeframe: Pre-intervention (week 1) to intervention endpoint (week 12)

Change From Pre-intervention to Intervention Endpoint in Self-reported Reward Sensitivity Subscale Score

Intervention	percentage signal change (Mean)
Continuous OC	.01

Sensitivity to Punishment/Sensitivity to Reward Questionnaire will be used to measure reward sensitivity. The reward sensitivity subscale will be used, which is rated on a true/false scale with scores ranging 0-24. Higher scores indicate more sensitivity to reward. Change is defined as the average change in reward sensitivity from pre-intervention to intervention. (NCT04278755)
Timeframe: Pre-intervention (week 1) to intervention endpoint (week 12)

Change From Pre-intervention to Intervention Endpoint in Weekly Average Binge-eating Frequency

Intervention	score on a scale (Mean)
Continuous OC	1.60

Binge eating frequency is based on a weekly diary of self-reported binge eating frequency. Participants were asked how many times during the past week they had a binge eating episode. Scores can range from 0 to infinity as frequency is self-reported as the number of binge eating episodes in the previous week. Higher scores indicate more episodes of binge eating. Change is defined as the average change in self-reported binge eating frequency from pre-intervention to intervention. (NCT04278755)
Timeframe: Pre-intervention (week 1) to intervention endpoint (week 12)

Change From Pre-intervention to Intervention Endpoint in Dorsal Striatum Signal Intensity in Response to Reward During the Monetary Incentive Delay Task (MIDT)

Intervention	episodes/week (Mean)
Continuous OC	-0.43

"Dorsal striatum reactivity (defined as caudate signal intensity and putamen signal intensity) to reward during the Monetary Incentive Delay (MIDT) task compared pre and post treatment. During MIDT task, participants respond to win trials by pressing a button on a button box in the MRI as quickly as possible when they see a target. Reactivity is measured by examining participant's change in blood-oxygen-level dependent (BOLD) (i.e., measurement of oxygen level that is carried to neurons by red blood cells since areas of the brain that are thought to be more active or involved in certain tasks require more oxygen) in response to a stimulus of interest (win trials) versus non-stimulus (non-win trials). Percent signal change in BOLD activation between monetary reward versus non-reward is the outcome of interest. Percent signal change is then compared pre- and post-treatment." (NCT04278755)
Timeframe: Pre-intervention (week 1) to intervention endpoint (week 12)

Correlation Between Irritability and Reactive Aggression During Hormone Addback

Intervention	percentage signal change (Mean)
	Caudate	Putamen
Continuous OC	-.012	.02

"This outcome measure determines the degree of irritability and reactive aggression in HS+ during hormone addback and its relationship to the target population. Irritability will be defined as score on the IDAS Ill Temper Scale. Reactive aggression will be defined as the number of point subtractions the participant makes during the Point Subtraction Aggression Paradigm.~The Point Subtraction Aggression Paradigm measures relational aggression (approach behavior) in response to frustration. In the task, participants are asked to press a button to ac" (NCT04051320)
Timeframe: Endpoint (week 6)

Correlation Between Irritability Subcortical Activation in HS+ During Hormone Addback

Intervention	correlation coefficient (Number)
Hormone Sensitive Women (HS+)	0.18
Hormone Insensitive Women (HS-)	0.03

"This outcome measure determines the degree of subcortical (amygdala, caudate, putamen, and nucleus accumbens) activation in HS+ during hormone addback and it's relationship to the target population. The activation in amygdala and ventral striatum (caudate, putamen, nucleus accumbens) regions of interest (ROIs) will be assessed during the Affective Posner Task.~The Affective Posner Task tests whether HS+ is characterized by reduced subcortical activation in response to frustration. This task is divided into 3 runs: during Run 1 (practice run), participants receive accurate feedback about their performance on the task and do not win or lose money; during Run 2, participants receive accurate feedback about their performance and win or lose 50 cents per trial; and during Run 3 (frustration), participants are told they must respond accurately to win money, but participants are given feedback that they responded too slowly on 60% of accurate trials, regardless of their performance." (NCT04051320)
Timeframe: Endpoint (week 6)

Correlation Between the Inventory of Depressive and Anxiety Symptoms (IDAS) Ill -0.8Scale and Threat Attention Bias

Intervention	correlation coefficient (Number)
Hormone Sensitive Women (HS+)	0.47

This outcome measure determines the extent to which irritability is characterized by dysfunctional reward processing during reproductive hormone challenge in HS+ and HS- by examining the correlation between the Inventory of Depressive and Anxiety Symptoms (IDAS) Ill Temper (i.e., irritability) Scale and threat attention bias. (NCT04051320)
Timeframe: Endpoint (week 6)

Correlation Between the Inventory of Depressive and Anxiety Symptoms (IDAS) Ill Temper Scale and Left Amygdala-medial Prefrontal Cortex (PFC) BOLD Connectivity.

Intervention	correlation coefficient (Number)
Hormone Sensitive Women (HS+)	-0.35
Hormone Insensitive Women (HS-)	0.11

This outcome measure determines the extent to which irritability is characterized by dysfunctional reward processing during reproductive hormone challenge in HS+ and HS- by examining the correlation between the IDAS Ill Temper (i.e., irritability) Scale and amygdala-medial PFC connectivity in HS+. (NCT04051320)
Timeframe: Endpoint (week 6)

Correlation Between the Inventory of Depressive and Anxiety Symptoms (IDAS) Ill Temper Scale and Right Amygdala-medial Prefrontal Cortex (PFC) BOLD Connectivity.

Intervention	correlation coefficient (Mean)
Hormone Sensitive Women (HS+)	-0.13
Hormone Insensitive Women (HS-)	0.49

This outcome measure determines the extent to which irritability is characterized by dysfunctional reward processing during reproductive hormone challenge in HS+ and HS- by examining the correlation between the IDAS Ill Temper (i.e., irritability) Scale and amygdala-medial PFC connectivity in HS+. (NCT04051320)
Timeframe: Endpoint (week 6)

Mean BOLD Activation of the Left Amygdala During the Affective Posner Task Over Time

Intervention	correlation coefficient (Number)
Hormone Sensitive Women (HS+)	-0.57
Hormone Insensitive Women (HS-)	-0.08

"This outcome measure determines the extent to which HS+ is characterized by BOLD activation of the left amygdala in response to frustrative non-reward (FNR) in the Affective Posner Task during hormone addback relative to baseline in the target population.~The Affective Posner Task tests whether HS+ is characterized by reduced subcortical activation in response to frustration. This task is divided into 3 runs: during Run 1 (practice run), participants receive accurate feedback about their performance on the task and do not win or lose money; during Run 2, participants receive accurate feedback about their performance and win or lose 50 cents per trial; and during Run 3 (frustration), participants are told they must respond accurately to win money, but participants are given feedback that they responded too slowly on 60% of accurate trials, regardless of their performance." (NCT04051320)
Timeframe: up to 6 weeks

Mean BOLD Activation of the Left Caudate During the Affective Posner Task Over Time

Intervention	Arbitrary Units (Mean)
	Baseline (Visit 3)	Hormone Addback (Visit 6)
Hormone Insensitive Women (HS-)	-0.009866667	-0.086876444
Hormone Sensitive Women (HS+)	0.005316917	-0.047401917

"This outcome measure determines the extent to which HS+ is characterized by BOLD activation of the left caudate in response to frustrative non-reward (FNR) in the Affective Posner Task during hormone addback relative to baseline in the target population.~The Affective Posner Task tests whether HS+ is characterized by reduced subcortical activation in response to frustration. This task is divided into 3 runs: during Run 1 (practice run), participants receive accurate feedback about their performance on the task and do not win or lose money; during Run 2, participants receive accurate feedback about their performance and win or lose 50 cents per trial; and during Run 3 (frustration), participants are told they must respond accurately to win money, but participants are given feedback that they responded too slowly on 60% of accurate trials, regardless of their performance." (NCT04051320)
Timeframe: up to 6 weeks

Mean BOLD Activation of the Left Nucleus Accumbens During the Affective Posner Task Over Time

Intervention	Arbitrary Units (Mean)
	Baseline (Visit 3)	Hormone Addback (Visit 6)
Hormone Insensitive Women (HS-)	0.0077258	-0.049988
Hormone Sensitive Women (HS+)	-0.043943333	0.059099917

"This outcome measure determines the extent to which HS+ is characterized by BOLD activation of the left nucleus accumbens in response to frustrative non-reward (FNR) in the Affective Posner Task during hormone addback relative to baseline in the target population.~The Affective Posner Task tests whether HS+ is characterized by reduced subcortical activation in response to frustration. This task is divided into 3 runs: during Run 1 (practice run), participants receive accurate feedback about their performance on the task and do not win or lose money; during Run 2, participants receive accurate feedback about their performance and win or lose 50 cents per trial; and during Run 3 (frustration), participants are told they must respond accurately to win money, but participants are given feedback that they responded too slowly on 60% of accurate trials, regardless of their performance." (NCT04051320)
Timeframe: up to 6 weeks

Mean BOLD Activation of the Left Putamen During the Affective Posner Task Over Time

Intervention	Arbitrary Units (Mean)
	Baseline (Visit 3)	Hormone Addback (Visit 6)
Hormone Insensitive Women (HS-)	0.0691907	-0.072512
Hormone Sensitive Women (HS+)	-0.028451818	0.031632727

"This outcome measure determines the extent to which HS+ is characterized by BOLD activation of the left putamen in response to frustrative non-reward (FNR) in the Affective Posner Task during hormone addback relative to baseline in the target population.~The Affective Posner Task tests whether HS+ is characterized by reduced subcortical activation in response to frustration. This task is divided into 3 runs: during Run 1 (practice run), participants receive accurate feedback about their performance on the task and do not win or lose money; during Run 2, participants receive accurate feedback about their performance and win or lose 50 cents per trial; and during Run 3 (frustration), participants are told they must respond accurately to win money, but participants are given feedback that they responded too slowly on 60% of accurate trials, regardless of their performance." (NCT04051320)
Timeframe: up to 6 weeks

Mean BOLD Activation of the Right Amygdala During the Affective Posner Task Over Time

Intervention	Arbitrary Units (Mean)
	Baseline (Visit 3)	Hormone Addback (Visit 6)
Hormone Insensitive Women (HS-)	0.0383029	-0.021029
Hormone Sensitive Women (HS+)	-0.001223462	0.048155385

"This outcome measure determines the extent to which HS+ is characterized by BOLD activation of the right amygdala in response to frustrative non-reward (FNR) in the Affective Posner Task during hormone addback relative to baseline in the target population.~The Affective Posner Task tests whether HS+ is characterized by reduced subcortical activation in response to frustration. This task is divided into 3 runs: during Run 1 (practice run), participants receive accurate feedback about their performance on the task and do not win or lose money; during Run 2, participants receive accurate feedback about their performance and win or lose 50 cents per trial; and during Run 3 (frustration), participants are told they must respond accurately to win money, but participants are given feedback that they responded too slowly on 60% of accurate trials, regardless of their performance." (NCT04051320)
Timeframe: up to 6 weeks

Mean BOLD Activation of the Right Caudate During the Affective Posner Task Over Time

Intervention	Arbitrary Units (Mean)
	Baseline (Visit 3)	Hormone Addback (Visit 6)
Hormone Insensitive Women (HS-)	0.037334	-0.15643
Hormone Sensitive Women (HS+)	-0.04544	0.022654

"This outcome measure determines the extent to which HS+ is characterized by BOLD activation of the right caudate in response to frustrative non-reward (FNR) in the Affective Posner Task during hormone addback relative to baseline in the target population.~The Affective Posner Task tests whether HS+ is characterized by reduced subcortical activation in response to frustration. This task is divided into 3 runs: during Run 1 (practice run), participants receive accurate feedback about their performance on the task and do not win or lose money; during Run 2, participants receive accurate feedback about their performance and win or lose 50 cents per trial; and during Run 3 (frustration), participants are told they must respond accurately to win money, but participants are given feedback that they responded too slowly on 60% of accurate trials, regardless of their performance." (NCT04051320)
Timeframe: up to 6 weeks

Mean BOLD Activation of the Right Nucleus Accumbens During the Affective Posner Task Over Time

Intervention	Arbitrary Units (Mean)
	Baseline (Visit 3)	Hormone Addback (Visit 6)
Hormone Insensitive Women (HS-)	0.061407	0.0058011
Hormone Sensitive Women (HS+)	-0.069919077	0.045146154

"This outcome measure determines the extent to which HS+ is characterized by BOLD activation of the right nucleus accumbens in response to frustrative non-reward (FNR) in the Affective Posner Task during hormone addback relative to baseline in the target population.~The Affective Posner Task tests whether HS+ is characterized by reduced subcortical activation in response to frustration. This task is divided into 3 runs: during Run 1 (practice run), participants receive accurate feedback about their performance on the task and do not win or lose money; during Run 2, participants receive accurate feedback about their performance and win or lose 50 cents per trial; and during Run 3 (frustration), participants are told they must respond accurately to win money, but participants are given feedback that they responded too slowly on 60% of accurate trials, regardless of their performance." (NCT04051320)
Timeframe: up to 6 weeks

Mean BOLD Activation of the Right Putamen During the Affective Posner Task Over Time

Intervention	Arbitrary Units (Mean)
	Baseline (Visit 3)	Hormone Addback (Visit 6)
Hormone Insensitive Women (HS-)	0.052685333	-0.006394444
Hormone Sensitive Women (HS+)	0.044384167	-0.005181667

"This outcome measure determines the extent to which HS+ is characterized by BOLD activation of the right putamen in response to frustrative non-reward (FNR) in the Affective Posner Task during hormone addback relative to baseline in the target population.~The Affective Posner Task tests whether HS+ is characterized by reduced subcortical activation in response to frustration. This task is divided into 3 runs: during Run 1 (practice run), participants receive accurate feedback about their performance on the task and do not win or lose money; during Run 2, participants receive accurate feedback about their performance and win or lose 50 cents per trial; and during Run 3 (frustration), participants are told they must respond accurately to win money, but participants are given feedback that they responded too slowly on 60% of accurate trials, regardless of their performance." (NCT04051320)
Timeframe: up to 6 weeks

Mean Left Amygdala-medial Prefrontal Cortex BOLD Connectivity During Implicit Emotion Face Processing Task Over Time

Intervention	Arbitrary Units (Mean)
	Baseline (Visit 3)	Hormone Addback (Visit 6)
Hormone Insensitive Women (HS-)	0.002542222	-0.080736333
Hormone Sensitive Women (HS+)	-0.007560692	0.036225385

"This outcome measure determines the extent to which irritability is characterized by dysfunctional threat processing during reproductive hormone challenge relative to baseline in HS+ and HS-. By examining amygdala-medial prefrontal cortex (PFC) connectivity in response to threatening faces on the implicit emotion face processing fMRI task in HS+ (compared with HS-) during hormone challenge relative to baseline.~The implicit emotion face processing task asks participants to identify the gender of angry, happy, and fearful faces at 50%, 100% and 150% emotion intensity presented in random order for 2000 milliseconds followed by jittered fixation. Trials appear in 3 blocks, generating 30 trials of each emotion at each intensity and 90 neutral face emotion trials." (NCT04051320)
Timeframe: up to 6 weeks

Mean Reactive Aggression During Hormone Addback Over Time

Intervention	arbitrary units (Mean)
	Baseline (Visit 3)	Hormone Addback (Visit 6)
Hormone Insensitive Women (HS-)	0.0213	0.00111
Hormone Sensitive Women (HS+)	0.0247	-0.0192

"This outcome measure determines the extent to which HS+ is characterized by reactive aggression during hormone addback relative to baseline in the target population. Reactive aggression will be defined as the number of point subtractions the participant makes during the Point Subtraction Aggression Paradigm.~Point Subtraction Aggression Paradigm measures relational aggression (approach behavior) in response to frustration. In the task, participants are asked to press a button to accrue money or press another button to subtract money from a (fictional) partner at no direct gain to themselves. Frustration is induced by periodic subtractions of their own money, which is attributed to the partner." (NCT04051320)
Timeframe: up to 6 weeks

Mean Right Amygdala-medial Prefrontal Cortex BOLD Connectivity During Implicit Emotion Face Processing Task Over Time

Intervention	Number of subtraction responses (Mean)
	Baseline (Visit 3)	Hormone Addback (Visit 6)
Hormone Insensitive Women (HS-)	129.20	54.90
Hormone Sensitive Women (HS+)	103.08	34.62

"This outcome measure determines the extent to which irritability is characterized by dysfunctional threat processing during reproductive hormone challenge relative to baseline in HS+ and HS-. By examining amygdala-medial prefrontal cortex (PFC) Blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) connectivity in response to threatening faces on the implicit emotion face processing fMRI task in HS+ (compared with HS-) during hormone challenge relative to baseline.~The implicit emotion face processing task asks participants to identify the gender of angry, happy, and fearful faces at 50%, 100% and 150% emotion intensity presented in random order for 2000 milliseconds followed by jittered fixation. Trials appear in 3 blocks, generating 30 trials of each emotion at each intensity and 90 neutral face emotion trials." (NCT04051320)
Timeframe: up to 6 weeks

Mean Threat Processing Bias During Visual Dot-probe Paradigm Over Time

Intervention	arbitrary units (Mean)
	Baseline (Visit 3)	Hormone Addback (Visit 6)
Hormone Insensitive Women (HS-)	0.0533	0.00804
Hormone Sensitive Women (HS+)	0.0174	-0.0114

"This outcome measure determines the extent to which irritability is characterized by dysfunctional threat processing during reproductive hormone challenge relative to baseline in HS+ and HS- by examining threat attention bias assessed during the visual dot-probe paradigm.~The Visual Dot-Probe Paradigm asks participants to detect a target stimulus that is embedded in a matrix of distracting stimuli (e.g., a target stimulus, an angry face, might be embedded in a matrix of neutral distractor faces). Attention biases are inferred from faster response times to detect a threatening stimulus in a matrix of neutral stimuli relative to response time to detect neutral stimuli in neutral matrices. Thus, positive times reflect attention bias toward threat, whereas negative times reflect attention bias away from threat." (NCT04051320)
Timeframe: up to 6 weeks

Article	Year
CYP17 gene polymorphisms: prevalence and associations with hormone levels and related factors. a HuGE review. American journal of epidemiology, 2004, Oct-15, Volume: 160, Issue:8 Topics: 5' Untranslated Regions; Age Factors; Breast; Confounding Factors, Epidemiologic; Estradiol; Estroge	2004
Clinical pharmacology and differential cognitive efficacy of estrogen preparations. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 2005, Volume: 1052 Topics: Administration, Cutaneous; Administration, Oral; Cognition; Estradiol; Estrogen Replacement Therapy;	2005
Aminoglutethimide in the treatment of advanced breast cancer. Cancer treatment reviews, 1984, Volume: 11, Issue:3 Topics: Adrenalectomy; Aged; Aminoglutethimide; Androstenedione; Breast Neoplasms; Clinical Trials as Topic;	1984
Steroid hormones, ageing and bone. Clinics in endocrinology and metabolism, 1981, Volume: 10, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Aged; Aging; Androstenedione; Bone and Bones; Calcium; Castration; Dehydroepiandrosterone; Es	1981
Ovarian failure and ageing. Clinics in endocrinology and metabolism, 1981, Volume: 10, Issue:1 Topics: Administration, Oral; Aging; Androgens; Blood Coagulation Disorders; Castration; Climacteric; Drug I	1981
Pathophysiologic considerations in the treatment of menopausal patients with oestrogens; the role of oestriol in the prevention of mammary carcinoma. Acta endocrinologica. Supplementum, 1980, Volume: 233 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Animals; Breast Neoplasms; Estradiol; Estriol; Estrogens; Estrone; Female;	1980
Oestrogen therapy in the peri-menopause: A practical approach. Acta endocrinologica. Supplementum, 1980, Volume: 233 Topics: Administration, Oral; Aged; Drug Therapy, Combination; Estradiol; Estradiol Congeners; Estriol; Estr	1980
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Post-menopausal estrogen production, with special reference to patients with mammary carcinoma. Frontiers of hormone research, 1975, Volume: 3 Topics: Age Factors; Aged; Androgens; Androstenedione; Binding, Competitive; Body Weight; Breast Neoplasms;	1975
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Article	Year
Associations between pituitary-ovarian hormones and cognition in recently menopausal women independent of type of hormone therapy. Maturitas, 2023, Volume: 167 Topics: Animals; Cognition; Estradiol; Estrone; Female; Horses; Humans; Menopause; Pituitary Hormones	2023
Associations between pituitary-ovarian hormones and cognition in recently menopausal women independent of type of hormone therapy. Maturitas, 2023, Volume: 167 Topics: Animals; Cognition; Estradiol; Estrone; Female; Horses; Humans; Menopause; Pituitary Hormones	2023
Associations between pituitary-ovarian hormones and cognition in recently menopausal women independent of type of hormone therapy. Maturitas, 2023, Volume: 167 Topics: Animals; Cognition; Estradiol; Estrone; Female; Horses; Humans; Menopause; Pituitary Hormones	2023
Associations between pituitary-ovarian hormones and cognition in recently menopausal women independent of type of hormone therapy. Maturitas, 2023, Volume: 167 Topics: Animals; Cognition; Estradiol; Estrone; Female; Horses; Humans; Menopause; Pituitary Hormones	2023
Associations between pituitary-ovarian hormones and cognition in recently menopausal women independent of type of hormone therapy. Maturitas, 2023, Volume: 167 Topics: Animals; Cognition; Estradiol; Estrone; Female; Horses; Humans; Menopause; Pituitary Hormones	2023
Associations between pituitary-ovarian hormones and cognition in recently menopausal women independent of type of hormone therapy. Maturitas, 2023, Volume: 167 Topics: Animals; Cognition; Estradiol; Estrone; Female; Horses; Humans; Menopause; Pituitary Hormones	2023
Associations between pituitary-ovarian hormones and cognition in recently menopausal women independent of type of hormone therapy. Maturitas, 2023, Volume: 167 Topics: Animals; Cognition; Estradiol; Estrone; Female; Horses; Humans; Menopause; Pituitary Hormones	2023
Associations between pituitary-ovarian hormones and cognition in recently menopausal women independent of type of hormone therapy. Maturitas, 2023, Volume: 167 Topics: Animals; Cognition; Estradiol; Estrone; Female; Horses; Humans; Menopause; Pituitary Hormones	2023
Associations between pituitary-ovarian hormones and cognition in recently menopausal women independent of type of hormone therapy. Maturitas, 2023, Volume: 167 Topics: Animals; Cognition; Estradiol; Estrone; Female; Horses; Humans; Menopause; Pituitary Hormones	2023
Vaginal microbiota and genitourinary menopausal symptoms: a cross-sectional analysis. Menopause (New York, N.Y.), 2017, Volume: 24, Issue:10 Topics: Adult; Biomarkers; Cross-Sectional Studies; Estradiol; Estrone; Female; Glycogen; Hot Flashes; Human	2017
Pharmacokinetics of the first combination 17β-estradiol/progesterone capsule in clinical development for menopausal hormone therapy. Menopause (New York, N.Y.), 2015, Volume: 22, Issue:12 Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Aged; Biological Availability; Drug Combinations; Estradiol; Estrone; F	2015
Increases in serum estrone sulfate level are associated with increased mammographic density during menopausal hormone therapy. Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology, 2008, Volume: 17, Issue:7 Topics: Biomarkers, Tumor; Breast Neoplasms; Contraceptives, Oral, Synthetic; Drug Therapy, Combination; Est	2008
Short-term urogenital effects of raloxifene, tamoxifen, and estrogen. American journal of obstetrics and gynecology, 2003, Volume: 189, Issue:1 Topics: Aged; Atrophy; Double-Blind Method; Estradiol; Estrogens; Estrogens, Conjugated (USP); Estrone; Fema	2003
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Hydrocortisone alone vs hydrocortisone plus aminoglutethimide: a comparison of the endocrine effects in postmenopausal breast cancer. European journal of cancer & clinical oncology, 1984, Volume: 20, Issue:4 Topics: Aminoglutethimide; Androstenedione; Breast Neoplasms; Dehydroepiandrosterone; Dehydroepiandrosterone	1984
Aminoglutethimide in the treatment of advanced breast cancer. Cancer treatment reviews, 1984, Volume: 11, Issue:3 Topics: Adrenalectomy; Aged; Aminoglutethimide; Androstenedione; Breast Neoplasms; Clinical Trials as Topic;	1984
Is oestrogen therapy effective in the treatment of menopausal depression? The Journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners, 1981, Volume: 31, Issue:224 Topics: Adult; Clinical Trials as Topic; Depression; Double-Blind Method; Estrogens, Conjugated (USP); Estro	1981
The effect of type and dose of oestrogen on the blood pressure of post-menopausal women. Maturitas, 1983, Volume: 5, Issue:2 Topics: Antihypertensive Agents; Blood Pressure; Depression, Chemical; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Est	1983
The role of aromatase inhibitors in breast cancer. Seminars in oncology, 1983, Volume: 10, Issue:4 Suppl 4 Topics: Aged; Aminoglutethimide; Androstenedione; Aromatase Inhibitors; Breast Neoplasms; Clinical Trials as	1983
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Uptake and metabolism of oestriol in human target tissues. Journal of steroid biochemistry, 1984, Volume: 20, Issue:4B Topics: Endometrium; Estradiol; Estriol; Estrone; Female; Humans; Menopause; Middle Aged; Myometrium; Subcel	1984
Steroid and gonadotropin profiles in menopausal women on three different oral replacement regimens. Annals of clinical research, 1980, Volume: 12, Issue:6 Topics: Adult; Clinical Trials as Topic; Drug Administration Schedule; Estradiol; Estrogens; Estrone; Female	1980
Oestrogens, gonadotrophins and SHBG during oral and cutaneous administration of oestradiol-17 beta to menopausal women. Acta endocrinologica, 1982, Volume: 101, Issue:4 Topics: Administration, Oral; Administration, Topical; Adult; Estradiol; Estrone; Female; Follicle Stimulati	1982
Intracellular estradiol, estrone and estrogen receptor levels in endometria from postmenopausal women receiving estrogens and progestins. Journal of steroid biochemistry, 1980, Volume: 13, Issue:4 Topics: Cell Nucleus; Cytosol; Endometrium; Estradiol; Estradiol Congeners; Estrone; Female; Humans; Menopau	1980
Plasma concentrations of medroxyprogesterone acetate, estradiol and estrone following oral administration of Klimaxil, Trisequence/Provera and Divina. A randomized, single-blind, triple cross-over bioavailability study in menopausal women. Maturitas, 1994, Volume: 18, Issue:3 Topics: Administration, Oral; Biological Availability; Drug Combinations; Estradiol; Estrogen Replacement Th	1994
Phase I study of the oral nonsteroidal aromatase inhibitor CGS 20267 in healthy postmenopausal women. The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 1993, Volume: 77, Issue:2 Topics: 17-alpha-Hydroxyprogesterone; Administration, Oral; Aged; Aldosterone; Androstenedione; Aromatase In	1993
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Efficacy of estradiol vaginal cream in postmenopausal women. Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics, 1979, Volume: 26, Issue:4 Topics: Administration, Topical; Aged; Dosage Forms; Double-Blind Method; Estradiol; Estrogens, Conjugated (	1979
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Replacement therapy and piperazine oestrone sulphate ('Harmogen') and its effect on memory. Current medical research and opinion, 1976, Volume: 4, Issue:4 Topics: Adult; Aged; Clinical Trials as Topic; Estrone; Female; Humans; Memory; Menopause; Middle Aged; Pipe	1976
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Low-dose oestradiol in the treatment of urogenital oestrogen deficiency--a pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic study. Maturitas, 1992, Volume: 15, Issue:2 Topics: Administration, Intravaginal; Aged; Atrophy; Double-Blind Method; Epithelium; Estradiol; Estrone; Fe	1992
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Neuroendocrine and clinical effects of transdermal 17 beta-estradiol in postmenopausal women. Maturitas, 1991, Volume: 13, Issue:4 Topics: Administration, Cutaneous; Adult; Alkaline Phosphatase; Body Temperature; Bone Density; Calcium; Est	1991
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The impact of different doses of estrogen and progestin on mood and sexual behavior in postmenopausal women. The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 1991, Volume: 72, Issue:2 Topics: Affect; Estradiol; Estrogens, Conjugated (USP); Estrone; Female; Humans; Medroxyprogesterone; Medrox	1991
Pharmacokinetics and biotransformation of orally administered oestrone sulphate and oestradiol valerate in post-menopausal women. Maturitas, 1990, Volume: 12, Issue:4 Topics: Administration, Oral; Biotransformation; Estradiol; Estrogens; Estrone; Female; Half-Life; Humans; L	1990
Potency and selectivity of the non-steroidal aromatase inhibitor CGS 16949A in postmenopausal breast cancer patients. Clinical endocrinology, 1990, Volume: 32, Issue:5 Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Antineoplastic Agents; Breast Neoplasms; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug;	1990
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Effects of smoking on serum lipoproteins and bone mineral content during postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy. American journal of obstetrics and gynecology, 1988, Volume: 159, Issue:4 Topics: Administration, Cutaneous; Administration, Oral; Adult; Bone and Bones; Cholesterol, HDL; Cholestero	1988
Treatment with oral piperazine oestrone sulphate for genuine stress incontinence in postmenopausal women. British journal of obstetrics and gynaecology, 1987, Volume: 94, Issue:6 Topics: Aged; Clinical Trials as Topic; Double-Blind Method; Estradiol Congeners; Estrone; Female; Follicle	1987
Tamoxifen and natural progesterone as supplements to low-dose postmenopausal estrogen therapy. Gynecologic and obstetric investigation, 1988, Volume: 25, Issue:1 Topics: Alanine Transaminase; Aspartate Aminotransferases; Clinical Trials as Topic; Double-Blind Method; Dr	1988
The long-term effect of oral and percutaneous estradiol on plasma renin substrate and blood pressure. Circulation, 1987, Volume: 76, Issue:4 Topics: Administration, Cutaneous; Administration, Oral; Blood Pressure; Clinical Trials as Topic; Estradiol	1987
Effect of low- and high-fat intakes on the hormonal milieu of premenopausal women. The American journal of clinical nutrition, 1988, Volume: 47, Issue:4 Topics: Adult; Dietary Fats; Energy Intake; Estradiol; Estrogens; Estrone; Female; Hormones; Humans; Luteini	1988
Oestrogen-progestogen replacement therapy changes body composition in early post-menopausal women. Maturitas, 1986, Volume: 8, Issue:3 Topics: Adult; Body Composition; Body Weight; Creatinine; Drug Therapy, Combination; Estradiol; Estrogens; E	1986
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Cigarette smoking, serum estrogens, and bone loss during hormone-replacement therapy early after menopause. The New England journal of medicine, 1985, Oct-17, Volume: 313, Issue:16 Topics: Adult; Bone Resorption; Drug Combinations; Estradiol; Estriol; Estrogens; Estrone; Female; Humans; M	1985
The absorption of conjugated oestrogen and sodium oestrone sulphate from the vagina. Annales chirurgiae et gynaecologiae Fenniae, 1974, Volume: 63, Issue:3 Topics: Aged; Estradiol; Estriol; Estrogens; Estrogens, Conjugated (USP); Estrone; Female; Humans; Menopause	1974
An evaluation of clinical response to piperazine oestrone sulphate ('Harmogen') in menopause patients. Current medical research and opinion, 1974, Volume: 2, Issue:7 Topics: Adult; Amenorrhea; Atrophy; Clinical Trials as Topic; Estradiol Congeners; Estrogens; Estrogens, Con	1974
A clinical trial of piperazine oestrone sulphate ('Harmogen') in the treatment of menopausal symptoms. Current medical research and opinion, 1974, Volume: 2, Issue:5 Topics: Adult; Estradiol; Estrone; Female; Humans; Hysterectomy; Menopause; Middle Aged; Piperazines; Placeb	1974

estrone and Menopause