estradiol-3-benzoate and Kidney-Diseases

Mahuang-Xixin-Fuzi Decoction (MXF) as a famous formula for the treatment of colds, fever, nasal congestion and headache with elder people, has always been widely used in traditional Chinese medicine. The present study is aimed at investigating the treatment effect of MXF on Kidney-Yang deficiency syndrome in mice simultaneously infected with H1N1 virus.. We employed the Kidney-Yang deficiency mouse model to investigate the effect of MXF against influenza A virus (A/FM/1/47, H1N1). Mice were infected with the virus after fifteen days Kidney-Yang deficiency syndrome was established (intraperitoneal injection of estradiol benzoate), while MXF was orally administrated with 1.2-4.7g/kg/d for 6 consecutive days after inoculation. Body weight, rectal temperature, morbidity, and mortality were recorded daily. Histopathologic changes, antioxidant activity of SOD and MDA were detected. Moreover, levels of inflammatory cytokines including IL-6, IL-10, MCP-1, TNF-α were measured in the sera of mice.. We found that the extract of MXF at dosages of 2.3-4.7g/kg could effectively diminish mortality rate, ameliorate lung edema and inflammation. Administration of MXF decoction significantly depressed the expression of IL-6, MCP-1 and TNF-α, and markedly increased expression of IL-10 in serum. Simultaneously, the extract was also found to reduce MDA and increase SOD in the lung tissue of mice.. These data support the notion that the extract of MXF could treat Kidney-Yang deficiency syndrome in mice simultaneously infected with influenza A virus by reducing inflammation and increasing antioxidant activities.

Topics: Administration, Oral; Animals; Antioxidants; Antiviral Agents; Chemokine CCL2; Disease Models, Animal; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Estradiol; Inflammation Mediators; Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype; Interleukin-6; Kidney Diseases; Lung; Malondialdehyde; Mice; Orthomyxoviridae Infections; Pulmonary Edema; Ribavirin; Superoxide Dismutase; Time Factors; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; Yang Deficiency

Renal diseases tend to be less severe among premenopausal female patients, compared with male patients. Experimental data on the effects of estrogens on renal damage are controversial, and potential underlying mechanisms have not been fully clarified. Three-month-old, female, uninephrectomized (UNX), sham-operated or ovariectomized (OVX) SHRsp rats were left untreated or received either 17beta-estradiol 3-benzoate (25 micro g/d) or estriol (0.02 mg/d) daily. After 3 mo, indices of renal damage (glomerulosclerosis index and tubulointerstitial damage index) and glomerular geometric parameters were investigated. The expression of desmin, TGF-beta, endothelin-1, collagen IV, endothelial nitric oxide synthase, and estrogen receptors alpha and beta in the glomeruli and tubulointerstitium was immunohistochemically evaluated. Estradiol and estriol did not significantly affect kidney weights or BP. Estradiol and estriol caused significant reductions in albuminuria (vehicle-treated UNX/OVX animals, 25.4 +/- 8.52 mg/24 h; estradiol-treated UNX/OVX animals, 15.37 +/- 6.12 mg/24 h; estriol-treated UNX/OVX animals, 6.54 +/- 2.24 mg/24 h). The glomerulosclerosis index was significantly lower in estriol- and estradiol-treated animals (estradiol-treated UNX/OVX animals, 0.69 +/- 0.16; estriol-treated UNX/OVX animals, 0.21 +/- 0.12; P < 0.05), compared with vehicle-treated animals (1.46 +/- 0.09); the tubulointerstitial damage index exhibited a similar pattern. The mean glomerular volume was significantly less in estrogen-treated animals. UNX/OVX animals demonstrated significantly greater expression of TGF-beta and endothelin-1 in immunohistochemical, in situ hybridization, and reverse transcription-PCR assays. This increase was abrogated by estriol but not estradiol. Similarly, significantly higher glomerular and tubulointerstitial expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen and collagen IV was observed in UNX/OVX animals, and expression was decreased by estriol but not estradiol. It was concluded that, in the UNX model of spontaneous renal damage, glomerular lesions and glomerular hypertrophy were reduced by estriol but less consistently by estradiol. In parallel, loss of podocytes, evidence of podocyte injury (i.e., desmin expression), and expression of mediator systems of glomerular damage were decreased, pointing to a major renoprotective action of estriol.

Topics: Animals; Estradiol; Estriol; Female; Immunohistochemistry; Kidney Diseases; Nephrectomy; Ovariectomy; Rats; Rats, Inbred SHR; Severity of Illness Index