ergoline and Infertility--Female

Hyperprolactinemia, frequently caused by a prolactinoma, is an important cause of infertility among young women. Dopamine agonists (DA) are the treatment of choice. Although cabergoline (CAB) is currently considered the gold standard DA, bromocriptine (BRC) remains the drug of choice for women desiring pregnancy, as it was proven to be safe in more than 6,000 pregnancies. The purpose of this review is to perform a critical evaluation of CAB safety in pregnancy, as it is used by most patients harboring prolactinomas. Although the number of CAB-induced pregnancies (about 800) is still reduced as compared with those under BRC treatment, data in the literature do not point to increase risk of preterm delivery or fetal malformations, comparing to pregnancies induced by BRC and those in the general population. Moreover, CAB use throughout pregnancy was reported in about ten cases, without evidence of any harm to fetal development. Therefore, even though BRC still remains the recommended DA drug for pregnancy induction or use during pregnancy in women with prolactinomas, increasing evidences point to the safety of CAB for this purpose.

Topics: Animals; Antineoplastic Agents; Cabergoline; Ergolines; Female; Fetal Development; Humans; Hyperprolactinemia; Infertility, Female; Pituitary Neoplasms; Pregnancy; Prolactinoma

Prolactinomas commonly cause infertility and treatment usually restores ovulation and fertility. The dopamine agonists are the preferred mode of treatment, with cabergoline generally being preferred to bromocriptine because of its higher therapeutic ratio. Experience with both drugs shows no increase in spontaneous abortions, preterm deliveries, multiple births, or congenital malformations, compared to what is expected in the normal population but the experience with bromocriptine is approximately 10-fold greater than with cabergoline. Clinically significant tumor growth may occur in 2.7% of those with microadenomas, 22.9% in those with macroadenomas without prior ablative treatment and 4.8% of those with macroadenomas with prior ablative treatment. Patients with macroadenomas should have visual fields assessed periodically during gestation. Should symptomatic tumor growth occur, reinstitution of the dopamine agonist is usually successful in shrinking the tumor but delivery if the pregnancy is sufficiently advanced is also an option and transsphenoidal debulking is rarely necessary.

Topics: Bromocriptine; Cabergoline; Dopamine Agonists; Ergolines; Female; Fetus; Humans; Hyperprolactinemia; Infertility, Female; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications, Neoplastic; Prolactinoma

Topics: Adenoma; Adult; Diagnosis, Differential; Ergolines; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Galactorrhea; Genital Diseases, Female; Humans; Hypophysectomy; Hypothyroidism; Infertility, Female; Pergolide; Pituitary Neoplasms; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications, Neoplastic; Prolactin; Sella Turcica; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Visual Field Tests

Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Bromine; Chorionic Gonadotropin; Clomiphene; Corpus Luteum; Ergolines; Estrogens; Female; Follicle Stimulating Hormone; Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone; Humans; Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System; Infertility, Female; Levodopa; Luteinizing Hormone; Menotropins; Ovary; Ovulation; Progesterone

The aim of this work was to investigate the value of laparoscopic ovarian drilling (LOD) compared with GnRH antagonist flexible protocol combined with cabergoline (Cb), as a prophylaxis against the re-development of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) in women with clomiphene citrate-resistant polycystic ovary disease (CCR-PCOD) who had severe OHSS before in a previous ICSI cycle.. It is a prospective controlled study, where 250 CCR-PCOD women (n = 250) with a history of severe OHSS before, had been recruited for the study. LOD had been performed for 120 (n = 120) of the recruited women before ovarian induction, and considered as group A. GnRH antagonist (Cetrotide 0.25 mg) was added when a leading follicle reaches 14-16 mm combined with oral Cb in a dose 0.5 mg a day before hCG, and for 8 d for another 130 (n = 130) women, and considered as group B. Pregnancy was diagnosed with BhCG level ≥25 IU/L, ± 14 d after embryo transfer, followed with transvaginal ultrasound scanning (TVS) 2 weeks later to confirm intra-uterine pregnancy (IUP). Women were followed up weekly for 3 months for the possible development of any signs and symptoms of OHSS.. None of the participants in group A developed severe OHSS, and only six women (5%) developed mild to moderate OHSS. The incidence of severe OHSS was significantly higher (n = 3, 15%) in group B compared with group A (p < .001). Another (n = 17, 13.3%) women in group B developed mild to moderate OHSS. The probability of developing severe OHSS was also significantly higher in group B as well (p = .031). Pregnancy rate (PR) was significantly higher in group A more than group B (67% versus 39%, respectively), and all were single intrauterine pregnancies (IUP) and all developed after fresh embryo transfer (ET), compared with frozen embryo transfer (FET) which was performed in 42 cases in group B after postponing ET due to significantly severe OHSS developed.. LOD could be considered a good prophylactic measure against OHSS, in addition to improving the total outcome of IVF cycles in women with CCR-PCOS.

Topics: Adult; Cabergoline; Chemoprevention; Clomiphene; Drug Resistance; Ergolines; Female; Fertilization in Vitro; Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone; Gynecologic Surgical Procedures; Hormone Antagonists; Humans; Infertility, Female; Laparoscopy; Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome; Ovary; Ovulation Induction; Polycystic Ovary Syndrome; Pregnancy; Secondary Prevention; Treatment Failure

The aim of this study was to compare the effects of bromocriptine versus cabergoline on pregnancy in hyperprolactinaemic infertile women.. A total of 183 infertile women with hyperprolactinemia undergoing intrauterine insemination (IUI) were randomly divided into two groups. Group A: 94 with bromocriptine and group B:89 with cabergoline. The efficacy and safety was evaluated on the basis of normalization of prolactin levels, normalization of menstrual cycle, disappearance of galactorrhea, occurrence of pregnancy and adverse effects with each of these medications.. The presence of galactorrhea and irregular menstruation were significantly lower in patients of group B than group A (P<0.001 and P=0.011, respectively) with a significant lower prevalence of side effects in cabergoline group. Pregnancy was significantly more achieved among the women with the treatment of cabergoline (82%) as compared to bromocriptine (56.4%) (P<0.001).. Our results suggest that cabergoline treatment in infertile women with prolactinemia is more effective. It lowers prolactin with better tolerability and much more effective in the achievement of pregnancy.

Topics: Adult; Bromocriptine; Cabergoline; Ergolines; Female; Humans; Hyperprolactinemia; Infertility, Female; Insemination, Artificial

17 women with premenstrual symptoms received bromocriptine (CB 154) and placebo in a double-blind crossover manner. 5 because pregnant and 10 who completed 2 cycles showed significant improvement in breast symptoms, oedema, weight gain, and mood with bromocriptine. Prolactin concentrations were suppressed. In 34 women with premenstrual symptoms, who had been warned of possible increased fertility, bromocriptine 2-5 mg twice daily from the 10th day of the menstrual cycle for 1--11 months gave marked or complete relief. 45 women attending the infertility clinic took 2-5 mg bromocriptine twice daily for 186 cycles; 23 became pregnant, 2 had marked relief and 20 complete relief from premenstrual symptoms. The relief of premenstrual symptoms by bromocriptine may be due to suppression of prolactin concentrations, which may be a major factor in premenstrual syndrome.

Topics: Adult; Bromocriptine; Clinical Trials as Topic; Drug Evaluation; Ergolines; Female; Humans; Infertility, Female; Menstruation; Placebos; Premenstrual Syndrome; Prolactin

To assess the outcome of using low-dose aspirin, dopamine agonist and triggering ovulation by low dose of HCG in combination with GnRH agonist in fixed GnRH antagonist protocol in patients at risk of OHSS.. This prospective cohort study was conducted on 50 infertile women who were at high risk of OHSS. They received low dose aspirin from first day of stimulation, cabergoline 0.5mg daily from the day of HCG for 8days and low dose of HCG (2500 IU) in combination with GnRH agonist for final oocyte maturation in fixed GnRH antagonist protocol.. The study was conducted on 50 cases and all of them completed the study protocol. The clinical pregnancy rate was 40% (20 cases of 50) and no cases developed severe or critical OHSS. Only 8% (4 cases) developed moderate OHSS.. Combining aspirin, cabergoline, and triggering with low dose of HCG in combination with GnRH agonist produced excellent clinical pregnancy rate, and decreased hospital admissions with severe or critical OHSS.

Topics: Adult; Aspirin; Cabergoline; Chorionic Gonadotropin; Drug Therapy, Combination; Ergolines; Female; Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone; Humans; Infertility, Female; Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome; Ovulation Induction; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Rate; Reproductive Control Agents; Severity of Illness Index

Hyperprolactinemia and prolactinomas cause infertility in significant number of women. But, pregnancy may lead to post-partum remission of hyperprolactinemia. The data on pregnancy and tumor outcome in women with macroprolactinoma conceiving on Cabergoline (CAB) therapy is increasing but still less than with Bromocriptine. We studied the incidence of fetal malformations, hyperprolactinemia and tumor course after gestation in infertile women harboring macroprolactinoma, who conceived on CAB therapy during the year 2005-2015. The cohort was divided into two groups based on the continuation of CAB therapy during gestation (Group A) or not (Group B). Forty-eight pregnancies in 33 women were recorded. CAB was continued throughout gestation in 25 pregnancies (Group A). The incidence of missed abortion (8.3%), still birth (4.2%) and low birth weight (7.7%) were not different in two groups. Neural tube defects were observed in 3 pregnancies (all in Group A). Post-partum, recurrence of hyperprolactinemia was observed in 64.6% and 60.9% (p = 0.8) of women in group A and B, respectively. Cabergoline was restarted after 60% and 60.9% (p = 0.9) pregnancies in the two groups in view of symptomatic hyperprolactinemia and/or persistence of macroadenoma. Post-partum, recurrence of hyperprolactinemia is common in spite of significant tumor reduction in infertile women with macroprolactinoma. Continuation of CAB during gestation does not influence the post-pregnancy recurrence of hyperprolactinemia or tumor remission.

Topics: Adult; Antineoplastic Agents; Cabergoline; Dopamine Agonists; Ergolines; Female; Humans; Infertility, Female; Pituitary Neoplasms; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications, Neoplastic; Pregnancy Outcome; Prolactinoma; Treatment Outcome; Young Adult

The use of cabergoline and coasting are both effective in reducing the risk of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS). Our aim was to compare the effectiveness of cabergoline with coasting to prevent moderate-severe OHSS.. Fifty-seven consecutive infertile patients (81 cycles) at risk of developing OHSS were enrolled through our computerized IVF database system. Inclusion criteria were: (i) E2 level on the day of human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) greater than 3,500 pg/ml; (ii) patients who underwent luteal long GnRH agonist cycle; (iii) patients who used cabergoline for OHSS prevention; (iv) patients who underwent coasting for OHSS prevention. The cabergoline group constituted 17 patients (26 cycles) who started using 0.5 mg oral cabergoline daily for 8 days on the day of hCG, whereas the coasting group constituted 40 patients (55 cycles) who underwent coasting.. Both groups were comparable regarding the women's mean age, body mass index and duration of infertility. Implantation rate, clinical pregnancy per embryo transfer and miscarriage rates were not different between the two groups. There was no OHSS in the cabergoline group (0 %), whereas there were two OHSS (3.6 %) in the coasting group; however, this difference was not significant.. In conclusion, 0.5 mg daily use of cabergoline for 8 days beginning from hCG administration is a very effective way to reduce moderate-severe OHSS without sacrificing pregnancy rates in patients at risk of developing OHSS.

Topics: Adult; Cabergoline; Dopamine Agonists; Ergolines; Estradiol; Female; Fertility Agents, Female; Fertilization in Vitro; Follicle Stimulating Hormone; Hormones; Humans; Infertility, Female; Leuprolide; Longitudinal Studies; Ovarian Follicle; Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Rate; Retrospective Studies; Young Adult

The current survey study investigated the recurrence rate of hyperprolactinemia after cabergoline (CAB)-induced pregnancy and after lactation as well as safety of CAB exposure during early gestation.. From 1997-2008, 143 pregnancies were recorded in 91 patients with hyperprolactinemia (age 30.4 ± 4.7 yr, 76 microadenomas, 10 macroadenomas, and five nontumoral hyperprolactinemia). CAB therapy was discontinued within wk 6 of gestation in all. Pregnancies were monitored until delivery or termination, during and after lactation, twice yearly up to 60 months. The incidence of abortions, premature delivery, and fetal malformations was also analyzed.. Pregnancies resulted in 13 (9.1%) spontaneous abortions and 126 (88.1%) live births. No neonatal malformations and/or abnormalities were recorded. In 29 of 91 patients (three with macroadenomas), treatment with CAB had to be restarted within 6 months after lactation because of hyperprolactinemia recurrence, whereas in 68% of cases, no additional therapy was required up to 60 months. No tumor mass enlargement was observed. All patients but three were breastfeeding, 35 (38.5%) for less than 2 months and 56 (61.5%) for 2-6 months. Three months after cessation of lactation and 60 months after pregnancy, no difference in prolactin levels was found between patients nursing for less than 2 months and 2-6 months.. Fetal exposure to CAB at conception does not induce any increased risk of miscarriage or malformations. Pregnancy is associated with normalization of prolactin levels in 68% of patients. Breastfeeding does not increase the recurrence rate of hyperprolactinemia.

Topics: Adult; Antineoplastic Agents; Breast Feeding; Cabergoline; Data Collection; Dopamine Agonists; Ergolines; Female; Humans; Hyperprolactinemia; Infertility, Female; Lactation; Observation; Pituitary Neoplasms; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications, Neoplastic; Pregnancy Outcome; Prolactinoma; Puerperal Disorders; Recurrence; Time Factors

Cabergoline is effective for hyperprolactinemic hypogonadism. However, the rate of cabergoline-induced pregnancy in women with prolactinoma remains unknown. Also unknown is whether cabergoline can control tumor growth and thereby achieve successful pregnancy in patients with macroprolactinomas.. Eighty-five women with macroprolactinomas (n = 29) or microprolactinomas (n = 56) received prospective, high-dose cabergoline therapy for infertility based on individual prolactin suppression and/or tumor shrinkage. The patients included 31 bromocriptine-resistant, 32 bromocriptine-intolerant, and 22 previously untreated women. Conception was withheld until three regular cycles returned in women with microadenoma and until tumors shrank below 1.0 cm in height in women with macroadenoma. Cabergoline was withdrawn at the fourth gestational week.. Cabergoline normalized hyperprolactinemia and recovered the ovulatory cycle in all patients. All adenomas contracted, and 11 macroadenomas and 29 microadenomas disappeared. Eighty patients (94%) conceived 95 pregnancies, two of which were cabergoline-free second pregnancies. The dose of cabergoline at the first pregnancy was 0.25-9 mg/wk overall and 2-9 mg/wk in the resistant patients. Of the 93 pregnancies achieved on cabergoline, 86 resulted in 83 single live births, one stillbirth, and two abortions; the remaining seven were ongoing. All babies were born healthy, without any malformations. No mothers experienced impaired vision or headache suggestive of abnormal tumor reexpansion throughout pregnancy.. Cabergoline achieved a high pregnancy rate with uneventful outcomes in infertile women with prolactinoma, independent of tumor size and bromocriptine resistance or intolerance. Cabergoline monotherapy could substitute for the conventional combination therapy of pregestational surgery or irradiation plus bromocriptine in macroprolactinomas.

Topics: Adult; Birth Weight; Bromocriptine; Cabergoline; Cohort Studies; Dopamine Agonists; Drug Resistance; Ergolines; Female; Humans; Hyperprolactinemia; Infertility, Female; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Pituitary Neoplasms; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Pregnancy Outcome; Progesterone; Prolactin; Prolactinoma

We retrospectively assessed outcomes of in vitro fertilisation in groups of women with asymptomatic incidentally discovered hyperprolactinaemia (AIH) undergoing ovarian stimulation and ICSI-ET relative to the types of dopamine agonist and gonadotropin releasing hormone analogue used. Of 5840 women who underwent COH and ICSI-ET, 239 were included in the study; 122 had been treated with cabergoline, and 117 with bromocriptine, during the COH. The mean age, duration of stimulation, and total number of gonadotropin ampules employed were comparable in the two groups using the agonist and antagonist protocols, as were the number of oocytes retrieved and the proportion of mature MII and fertilised (2pn) oocytes. There were no significant differences in implantation, pregnancy, and miscarriage rates between the agonist and antagonist arms of the study. The cost of treatment was significantly higher with cabergoline than with bromocriptine (p = 0.0001). However, side effect rate was significantly higher with bromocriptine than with cabergoline (15.3% vs. 2.5%; p = 0.0004). In conclusion, we found that cabergoline and bromocriptine showed no differences in IVF outcomes and pregnancy results in patients with AIH.

Topics: Adult; Bromocriptine; Cabergoline; Databases, Factual; Dopamine Agonists; Ergolines; Female; Humans; Hyperprolactinemia; Infertility, Female; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Rate; Retrospective Studies; Sperm Injections, Intracytoplasmic; Treatment Outcome

A significant number of patients with hyperprolactinemia have macroprolactinemia, a condition characterized by the preponderance of big-big prolactin with normal levels of free prolactin. As macroprolactin does not have biologic activity, such patients do not require further investigations or treatment for hyperprolactinemia. The case of a patient with hyperprolactinemia diagnosed during investigation of secondary infertility is presented. She was treated for over 2 years with dopamine agonists, with which her prolactin level normalized, but she remained infertile. Subsequent investigations demonstrated that she suffered from macroprolactinemia, not true hyperprolactinemia. The patient is currently not on dopamine agonist therapy, and although her total prolactin levels remain significantly elevated, her free prolactin levels have been in the normal range. Physicians should familiarize themselves with this entity and consider testing for it in patients with hyperprolactinemia to avoid an inappropriate diagnosis and unnecessary treatment.

Topics: Adult; Cabergoline; Dopamine Agonists; Ergolines; Female; Humans; Hyperprolactinemia; Infertility, Female; Prolactin

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common endocrine disorders in women in reproductive age. As for the treatment of this disease the lack of a clear etiology for PCOS has led to a symptom-orientated treatment. However, the overall aims of treatment are to induce ovulation for women desiring conception, to reduce androgen levels, to reduce body weight and to reduce long-term health risks of diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease. Clomiphene citrate (CC) is recommended as first line treatment for induction of ovulation in patients with PCOS by virtue of its efficacy, safety, and ease of administration. Alternatives for CC-resistant patients include gonadotrophin therapy (better with low-dose step-up protocol) and laparoscopic ovarian diathermy. Recently, recombinant FSH (rFSH) has been introduced in clinical practice and it seems more effective than urinary FSH as demonstrated by a significantly higher number of follicles recruited and embryos obtained with a shorter treatment period. The addition of GnRH-agonist to the stimulation protocol for women affected by PCOS could reduce premature luteinization and increase cycle fecundity. Other drugs under investigation are metformin and cabergoline. Hirsutism is the manifestation of hyperandrogenemia in PCOS. The primary goal of the treatment of hirsutim is central or peripheral androgen suppression using 3 groups of drugs: inhibitors of androgen production (oral contraceptives, GnRH analogues), peripheral androgen blockers (cyproterone acetate, flutamide, finasteride and spironolactone), and insulin-sensitizing agents (metformin). Weight reduction and exercise could also improve not only menstrual disturbances and infertility, but also insulin resistance and its adverse metabolic con-sequences.

Topics: Adult; Androgen Antagonists; Cabergoline; Cardiovascular Diseases; Clomiphene; Cyproterone Acetate; Diabetes Complications; Dopamine Agonists; Ergolines; Female; Finasteride; Flutamide; Follicle Stimulating Hormone; Gonadotropins; Hirsutism; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Infertility, Female; Insulin Resistance; Metformin; Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonists; Obesity; Ovulation Induction; Polycystic Ovary Syndrome; Risk Factors; Spironolactone; Weight Loss

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is characterized by abnormal gonadotrophin secretion, in particular an elevated serum concentration of LH, depressed FSH, and an LH/FSH ratio of >or =2. Mild, transient hyperprolactinaemia is frequently associated with PCOS (30% of patients); furthermore, it can be observed during the late follicular and luteal phases of both natural and stimulated cycles. It is suggested that a reduction of the dopamine inhibitory effect might raise both prolactin (PRL) and LH.. We compared ovarian stimulation in two groups of hyperprolactinaemic (hyperPRL)-PCOS patients; one group was treated with cabergoline, reducing PRL plasma concentrations to the range normally observed during ovulation induction. In the untreated hyperPRL-PCOS group, we noted a reduced total number of ampoules of recombinant FSH (P < 0.04), fewer days to reach HCG administration (P < 0.04), and significantly higher peak oestrogen plasma concentrations (P < 0.03) compared with the treated group. By ultrasound examination the same group showed significantly higher ovarian volume and an increased total number of follicles of every size. In untreated hyperPRL-PCOS patients, four cycles out of 65 were cancelled due to mild ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) that occurred during ovulation induction. Only one cycle out of 42 in the patients treated with cabergoline was cancelled. No significant differences in pregnancy rate nor in multiple pregnancy were found.. Our data suggest a dopaminergic control of LH release and support the use of cabergoline in the management of such patients, in order to provide better clinical control of ovarian response and consequently a reduction of the risk of OHSS, with no decrease in pregnancy rate.

Topics: Adult; Cabergoline; Chorionic Gonadotropin; Dopamine Agonists; Ergolines; Estradiol; Female; Follicle Stimulating Hormone; Humans; Hyperprolactinemia; Infertility, Female; Ovarian Follicle; Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome; Ovary; Ovulation Induction; Polycystic Ovary Syndrome; Pregnancy; Recombinant Proteins; Time Factors; Ultrasonography

The effects of treatment with a dopamine agonist from day 30 after the LH surge of a nonpregnant oestrous cycle were analysed in five bitches previously demonstrated to be fertile. Five untreated nonpregnant bitches were studied as controls. Cabergoline was given (5 micrograms kg-1 body weight) daily from day 30 after the LH peak until +/- 2 days after the first sign of pro-oestrus. Cabergoline decreased progesterone concentrations to < 1 ng ml-1 within 15-20 days. Four of the five treated bitches came into pro-oestrus after a mean of 29.75 +/- 5 days of treatment, at 66.5 +/- 7.1 days after the previous LH surges. The previous and following interoestrous intervals in the treated and responding animals were 216 +/- 6 and 66.5 +/- 7.1 days, respectively, and were significantly different (P < 0.05). In untreated animals, interoestrous intervals were longer (P < 0.05) than in treated animals, and not different from previous interoestrous intervals. The duration of pro-oestrus and oestrus was normal in the induced oestrous cycle compared with previous or untreated cycles in both groups. Variations in progesterone in the induced cycles were not different from those in control cycles. Prolactin concentrations were lower (P < 0.05) in treated animals compared with untreated animals. All bitches mated. However, none of the treated bitches became pregnant at the induced oestrous cycle. Lack of fertility was presumably due to the inability of the uterus to receive the embryos and was related to insufficient uterine involution and regeneration. Nevertheless, this study demonstrates that it is possible to induce oestrus not only in anoestrus but also in dioestrous nonpregnant bitches using a D2 dopamine agonist.

Topics: Animals; Breeding; Cabergoline; Diestrus; Dogs; Dopamine Agonists; Ergolines; Estrus; Female; Infertility, Female; Pregnancy; Progesterone; Prolactin; Uterus; Vaginal Smears

Topics: Adult; Bromocriptine; Cabergoline; Dopamine Agents; Ergolines; Female; Humans; Hyperprolactinemia; Infertility, Female; Pregnancy

Dopaminergic drugs have been reported to be effective in the treatment of FSH-secreting adenomas. We describe the case of a young woman suffering from amenorrhea with radiologic signs of pituitary macroadenoma. The enlargement of both ovaries with hemorrhagic and serous cysts suggest that FSH was active biologically. The short-term (13 weeks) chronic treatment with 0.5 mg cabergoline one time per week, a dopaminergic drug with long-lasting effect, was effective in reducing FSH and PRL hypersecretion and restoring the function of the pituitary ovarian axis, as confirmed by the occurrence of pregnancy.

Topics: Adenoma; Adult; Amenorrhea; Cabergoline; Dopamine Agonists; Ergolines; Female; Follicle Stimulating Hormone; Humans; Infertility, Female; Pituitary Neoplasms; Pregnancy; Prolactin

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Corpus Luteum; Ergolines; Female; Humans; Hyperprolactinemia; Infertility, Female; Lisuride; Menstruation Disturbances

Topics: Adult; Ergolines; Female; Humans; Hyperprolactinemia; Infertility, Female; Lisuride; Pregnancy

Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Clomiphene; Ergolines; Female; Gonadotropins, Pituitary; Humans; Infertility, Female; Ovulation Induction; Pituitary Hormone-Releasing Hormones

Topics: Anovulation; Ergolines; Female; Humans; Infertility, Female; Lisuride; Pregnancy; Prolactin

Topics: Adult; Amenorrhea; Bromocriptine; Ergolines; Female; Humans; Hyperprolactinemia; Infertility, Female; Lisuride; Menstruation; Prolactin

Topics: Adult; Amenorrhea; Ergolines; Female; Galactorrhea; Humans; Infertility, Female; Lisuride; Pregnancy; Prolactin

Topics: Adenoma; Ergolines; Female; Infertility, Female; Lisuride; Pituitary Neoplasms; Prolactin

This is a report about 20 sterile women in whom the amenorrhoea or oligomenorrhoea was accompanied by hyperprolactinaemia. Parlodel, Lysenyl, and Deprenon were used for treatment. The therapy was followed by pregnancy of 70 per cent of the women.

Topics: Amenorrhea; Bromocriptine; Ergolines; Female; Galactorrhea; Humans; Infertility, Female; Lisuride; Oligomenorrhea; Pregnancy; Prolactin

Topics: Adult; Bromocriptine; Ergolines; Female; Humans; Infertility, Female; Obstetric Labor, Premature; Pregnancy; Uterine Cervical Incompetence

Topics: Accidents, Traffic; Adult; Bromocriptine; Ergolines; Female; Humans; Infertility, Female; Syncope

Topics: Bromocriptine; Ergolines; Female; Humans; Infertility, Female; Obstetric Labor, Premature; Pregnancy; Prolactin; Risk; Uterine Cervical Incompetence

Basal serum levels of prolactin were measured in 37 infertile anovulatory patients who had failed to conceive on therapy with clomiphene citrate. Twenty of these patients, 16 of whom had galactorrhoea, had elevated basal serum prolactin values which were suppressed to normal or subnormal values during therapy with bromocriptine, the most commonly effective dose being 2.5 mg twice daily. Ovulation, as assessed by urinary oestrogen and pregnanediol measurements, was induced in 17 of these patients with pregnancy in 14. Ovarian responses short of defined criteria for ovulation were induced initially in eight patients, but these progressed to full ovulatory responses in five patients, either on the same or increased doses of bromocriptine. In all the patients who ovaulated, the prolactin levels had been reduced below the mean value for normal women (10.6 ng-ml). The three patients who failed to ovulate all had values higher than this at a dose of bromocriptine reaching 5.0 mg thrice daily. There seemed to be no value in increasing the dose of bromocriptine once ovulation had been achieved. Of the 17 patients with normal basal prolactin values, only one had an unequivocal response to bromocriptine with ovulation and conception, even though the prolactin values in the majority were suppressed to below normal.

Topics: Adult; Anovulation; Bromocriptine; Ergolines; Female; Humans; Infertility, Female; Prolactin

Topics: Epimestrol; Ergolines; Female; Humans; Infertility, Female; Pregnancy

A patient with hyperprolactinemia, amenorrhea, and an enlarged sella turcica, but without galactorrhea, was treated with Bromocriptin to effect restoration of ovarian function. The subsequent pregnancy was without problems from an obstetric point of view, but visual field abnormalities developed progressively, leading to termination of the pregnancy in the 39th week. However, within 1 week after delivery, the field defects disappeared and the visual acuity returned to normal.

Topics: Adult; Amenorrhea; Bromocriptine; Cesarean Section; Ergolines; Female; Follicle Stimulating Hormone; Humans; Infertility, Female; Luteinizing Hormone; Pituitary Neoplasms; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Prolactin; Sella Turcica; Thyrotropin; Tomography, X-Ray; Vision Disorders; Visual Acuity; Visual Fields

Topics: Bromocriptine; Chiari-Frommel Syndrome; Ergolines; Female; Humans; Infertility, Female; Ovulation; Pregnancy

Topics: Bromocriptine; Ergolines; Female; Humans; Infertility, Female; Prolactin

Topics: Adult; Bromocriptine; Ergolines; Female; Humans; Infertility, Female; Menopause, Premature; Prolactin

Topics: Acromegaly; Aged; Bromocriptine; Ergolines; Female; Humans; Infertility, Female; Parkinson Disease; Pituitary Neoplasms; Receptors, Dopamine

Topics: Adenoma; Adult; Bromocriptine; Ergolines; Female; Humans; Infertility, Female; Pituitary Neoplasms

Topics: Adult; Amenorrhea; Bromocriptine; Ergolines; Female; Galactorrhea; Humans; Infertility, Female; Lactation Disorders; Ovulation; Pregnancy

Thirteen pregnancies occurred in 12 women who were treated with bromocriptine for infertility. Pretreatment prolactin levels were recorded in 11 patients and were normal in three. Five patients had suspected pituitary tumours, and they received irradiation to prevent swelling of the pituitary and the consequent visual field defects caused by the pressure of the swollen gland on the optic nerve. Ten of the 13 pregnancies have come to term, and all the babies were normal. When a patient with a pituitary tumour developed a visual field defect in the 38th week of pregnancy labour was induced and the defect disappeared after delivery. No multiple pregnancies occurred and there were no major complications.

Topics: Adult; Bromocriptine; Ergolines; Female; Humans; Infertility, Female; Pituitary Irradiation; Pituitary Neoplasms; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Prolactin; Vision Disorders; Visual Fields

Topics: Adult; Amenorrhea; Bromocriptine; Ergolines; Female; Humans; Infertility, Female; Prolactin