epiglucan and Rhinitis--Allergic

Allergic rhinitis (AR) is caused by an IgE-mediated inflammatory reaction consequent to the exposure to causal allergen. Resveratrol is a natural non-flavonoid polyphenol, exerting anti-inflammatory activity; β-glucan is a polysaccharide with immuno-modulatory properties. Thus, this study aimed to investigate whether these combined compounds are able of relieving nasal symptoms in children with AR due to pollen allergy.. The present study was conducted as placebo-controlled, double-blinded, and randomized. Globally, 68 children (36 males; mean age 7.9 years) were treated with resveratrol plus β-glucan or placebo (the diluent of active drug) two sprays (100 µL/spray) in each nostril three times/day for 2 months. Nasal symptoms, including itching, sneezing, rhinorrhea, and obstruction, were assessed at baseline and after treatment. Use of rescue medication, such as cetirizine syrup, was also evaluated.. ClinicalTrials.gov ID NCT02130440.. Children treated with active drug achieved a significant reduction in all nasal symptoms: itching (p = 0.0001), sneezing (p = 0.0009), rhinorrhea (p = 0.009), and obstruction (0.002) as well as antihistamine use (p = 0.003). Placebo did not affect nasal complaints and cetirizine use. The intergroup analysis showed that active treatment was significantly superior to placebo about reduction of AR symptoms and rescue medication use.. The present preliminary study firstly showed that intranasal resveratrol plus carboxymethyl-β-glucan is capable of significantly improving nasal symptoms in children with pollen-induced AR.

Topics: Administration, Intranasal; Allergens; Anti-Allergic Agents; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; beta-Glucans; Cetirizine; Child; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Humans; Immunologic Factors; Male; Pollen; Resveratrol; Rhinitis, Allergic; Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal; Stilbenes; Treatment Outcome

To investigate the modulation of B-cell-activating factor (BAFF) expression on the basophil membrane of allergic patients. BAFF is an important regulator of B-cell activation, proliferation and immunoglobulin production, which may play a role in respiratory allergic diseases in promoting the production of IgE by B cells.. Peripheral blood samples of 10 patients with allergic rhinitis, 3 with severe asthma and fungal sensitization (SAFS), 3 with allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) and 11 healthy controls were assessed regarding BAFF (CD257) expression using the basophil activation test before and after stimulation with IgE and allergens, as well IgE-independent stimuli, like fMLP, lipotheichoic acid from Staphylococcus aureus (LTA-SA) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS).. BAFF membrane expression did not change after IgE and allergen stimulation both in patients and controls, while it was upregulated by Aspergillus stimulation, both in sensitized patients and controls. In both patients and controls, BAFF expression was significantly upregulated following LTA-SA and β-1,3-glucan exposure (toll-like receptor-2 ligands), but not following LPS stimulation.. Basophils from allergic and healthy subjects constitutively express membrane BAFF, which is not upregulated by IgE or specific allergens but by TLR-2 ligands (LTA-SA and β-1,3-glucan). Aspergillus fumigatus stimulation was able to upregulate BAFF expression on the basophils of sensitized asthmatic patients, but not via IgE-dependent mechanisms, since results did not differ between the patient and control groups. These findings suggest that basophils may contribute to the polyclonal production of IgE commonly observed in patients with SAFS and ABPA.

Topics: Adult; Aspergillosis, Allergic Bronchopulmonary; Aspergillus fumigatus; Asthma; B-Cell Activating Factor; B-Lymphocytes; Basophils; beta-Glucans; Female; Humans; Immunoglobulin E; Lipopolysaccharides; Lymphocyte Activation; Male; Membrane Proteins; Middle Aged; Rhinitis, Allergic; Tetraspanin 30; Toll-Like Receptor 2; Up-Regulation

Despite the availability of a number of pharmacological options, relief of allergic rhinitis (AR) symptoms, especially nasal obstruction, is often limited and local and systemic adverse reactions are not infrequent. The main aim of the present pilot study was to provide subjective and objective evidence of the clinical efficacy in reducing symptoms and safety of a medical device-Grip stop DMG (lactoferrin, carboximetil β-glucan, D-panthenol, dipotassiumglycyrrhizinate) in children affected by allergic rhinitis.. A prospective study with a pre- and post-design has been performed consecutively enrolling 50 pediatric both genders patients affected by persistent AR. Patients received 2 puffs into each nostril twice a day over the course of 4 weeks. The severity of AR symptoms was assessed subjectively as measured by a 0 to 5 Visual Analog Scale, and objectively through active anterior rhinomanometry (AAR) and by means of the evaluation of mucociliary transport time (MCTt). Differences in symptoms scores measured before and after the treatment were compared using Paired-Sample Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test. Proportion of participants with adverse effects attributed to the treatment was computed. The relationship between the subjective score and the AAR and MCT measurements was also assessed.. All considered symptoms, including nasal congestion, significantly improved after treatment (P<0.001), while only 1 patient suffered from moderate adverse effects.. Results confirm efficacy and safety of this device used in the pediatric population. As previously reported in the scientific literature, also in our study, patient's perception of nasal symptoms corresponded with objective testing.

Topics: Administration, Intranasal; Adolescent; beta-Glucans; Child; Equipment Design; Female; Glycyrrhizic Acid; Humans; Lactoferrin; Male; Nasal Obstruction; Pantothenic Acid; Pilot Projects; Prospective Studies; Rhinitis, Allergic; Severity of Illness Index; Statistics, Nonparametric; Treatment Outcome

Allergic rhinitis (AR) and asthma are 2 entities of allergic airway diseases that frequently occur together, which is referred to as united airways. In contrast to this general concept, we hypothesized that innate immunity of the upper and lower airways is respectively distinctive, because the immunologic conditions of the nasal and lung mucosa as well as the functions of the immune cells within their epithelia are different.. We wanted to identify distinctive mechanisms of innate immunity in the nose and lung mucosa, which are responsible for house dust mite (HDM)-induced AR and allergic asthma (AA), respectively.. We constructed a mouse model of AR or AA induced by sensitization and consequent provocation with HDM extracts.. HDM-derived β-glucans, rather than LPS, were proven to be essential to activating innate immunity in the nasal mucosa and triggering AR, which depended on Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2), but not on TLR4; however, the LPS/TLR4 signaling axis, rather than β-glucans/TLR2, was critical to HDM-induced AA. These differences were attributed to the specific role of β-glucans and LPS in inducing the surface expression of TLR2 and TLR4 and their translocation to lipid rafts in nasal and bronchial epithelial cells, respectively. We also showed that dual oxidase 2-generated reactive oxygen species mediate both β-glucan-induced TLR2 activation and LPS-induced TLR4 activation.. We describe a novel finding of distinctive innate immunity of the nose and lungs, respectively, which trigger AR and AA, by showing the critical role of HDM-induced TLR activation via dual oxidase 2-mediated reactive oxygen species.

Topics: Animals; Asthma; beta-Glucans; Dual Oxidases; Epithelial Cells; Hypersensitivity; Immunity, Innate; Lipopolysaccharides; Lung; Mice; NADPH Oxidases; Nasal Mucosa; Pyroglyphidae; Reactive Oxygen Species; Respiratory Mucosa; Respiratory System; Rhinitis, Allergic; Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial; Toll-Like Receptor 2; Toll-Like Receptor 4