epiglucan and Periodontitis

Curdlan, a bacteria-derived polysaccharide resource, possesses substantial potential for periodontal antimicrobial delivery. Here, the facile engineering of a functionalized curdlan/polydopamine (PDA) composite hydrogels was reported. The physiochemical evaluations of composite hydrogels proved their tunable properties associated with concentration of PDA including pore size, rheological property and swelling behavior. We have systematically assessed biocompatibility in vitro and found these hydrogels toxicity-free. Moreover, photothermal performance upon near infrared light (NIR) exposure was conducted and eventually indicated the best matches for antibacterial application. The acetate chlorhexidine (CHX) was chosen as a model antimicrobial and the release profiles demonstrated the entrapped CHX could be triggered and nicely controlled by NIR. The optimized bacteriostatic rate reached 99.9 %. Overall, we aimed to provide new curdlan-based hydrogels for periodontal antibacterial treatment by combining photothermal effect and antimicrobial simultaneously.

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; beta-Glucans; Biocompatible Materials; Cell Survival; Cells, Cultured; Chlorhexidine; Drug Liberation; Drug Synergism; Escherichia coli; Humans; Hydrogels; Indoles; Infrared Rays; Microbial Viability; Periodontal Ligament; Periodontitis; Photochemical Processes; Polymers; Polysaccharides, Bacterial; Porosity; Rheology; Staphylococcus aureus

The aim of this study was to observe whether Polycal has inhibitory activity on ligation-induced experimental periodontitis and related alveolar bone loss in rats following topical application to the gingival regions. One day after the ligation placements, Polycal (50, 25, and 12.5 mg/mL solutions at 200 μL/rat) was topically applied to the ligated gingival regions daily for 10 days. Changes in bodyweight, alveolar bone loss index, and total number of buccal gingival aerobic bacterial cells were monitored, and the anti-inflammatory effects were investigated via myeloperoxidase activity and levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and TNF-α. The activities of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and lipid peroxidation (MDA) were also evaluated. Bacterial proliferation, periodontitis, and alveolar bone loss induced by ligature placements were significantly inhibited after 10 days of continuous topical application of Polycal. These results indicate that topical application of Polycal has a significant inhibitory effect on periodontitis and related alveolar bone loss in rats mediated by antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and anti-oxidative activities.

Topics: Administration, Topical; Alveolar Bone Loss; Animals; Anti-Infective Agents; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antioxidants; Bacteria; beta-Glucans; Calcium Gluconate; Disease Models, Animal; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Administration Schedule; Drug Combinations; Humans; Interleukin-1beta; Lipid Peroxidation; Male; Oxidative Stress; Periodontitis; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha

Polycan is a promising candidate for the treatment of periodontal disease. This study was undertaken to examine whether Polycan, a type of β-glucan, has a protective effect on ligature-induced experimental periodontitis and related alveolar bone loss in Sprague-Dawley rats..  Polycan was orally administered, daily, for 10 d, at 21.25, 42.5 or 85 mg/kg, beginning 1 d after ligation. Changes in body weight and alveolar bone loss were monitored, and the anti-inflammatory effects of Polycan were determined by measuring the levels of myeloperoxidase (MPO), interleukin-1beta (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in gingival tissue. We also evaluated inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations as a measure of the antioxidant effect.. Ligature placement led to a marked decrease in body weight, increased alveolar bone loss and increased concentrations of MPO, IL-1β, TNF-α and MDA, as well as increased iNOS activity and inflammatory cell infiltration and decreased collagen-fiber content. Histological examination revealed increases in the number and activity of osteoclast cells, decreases in alveolar bone volume and elevated percentages of osteclasts on the alveolar bone surface. Daily oral treatment with 42.5 or 85 mg/kg of Polycan for 10 d led to significant, dose-dependent inhibition of the effect of ligature placement.. Taken together, these results suggest that 10 d of oral treatment with Polycan effectively inhibits ligature placement-induced periodontitis and related alveolar bone loss via an antioxidant effect.

Topics: Alveolar Bone Loss; Animals; Antioxidants; beta-Glucans; Body Weight; Gingiva; Interleukin-1beta; Lipid Peroxidation; Male; Malondialdehyde; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; Oxidative Stress; Periodontitis; Peroxidase; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha

BACKGROUND. The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of (1→3), (1→6)-β-glucan on the production of interleukin 10 (IL-10) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) in vitro by peripheral blood leukocytes of patients with periodontitis. MATERIAL AND METHODS. In total, 20 patients suffering from untreated severe chronic generalized periodontitis were enrolled in this study. Periodontitis was confirmed by clinical and radiologic examination. Besides, 20 periodontally healthy patients served as a control group. Peripheral venous blood was sampled from the patients, and isolated leukocytes were treated with (1→3),(1→6)-β-glucan from yeast at different concentrations. The levels of IL-10 and TNF-α secreted by the leukocytes unstimulated and stimulated with unopsonized E. coli in vitro were determined by the enzyme amplified sensitivity immunoassay method. RESULTS. Our data showed that (1→3),(1→6)-β-glucan induced a significant decrease (P<0.05) in the TNF-α level and a significant increase (P<0.001) in the IL-10 level in the media of unstimulated and stimulated leukocytes of the patients with periodontitis in comparison with those of the healthy subjects. CONCLUSIONS. The present in vitro study showed that (1→3),(1→6)-β-glucan modulated the response of leukocytes of the patients with periodontitis differently in comparison with those of the healthy subjects. It increased the release of IL-10, which is protective of the tooth-supporting tissues in patients with periodontal disease, but decreased the release of TNF-α, which is mainly responsible for the destruction of the tooth-supporting tissues during periodontal disease.

Topics: Adult; Cell Separation; Female; Glucans; Humans; Interleukin-10; Leukocytes; Male; Middle Aged; Periodontitis; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; Young Adult