epiglucan and Overweight

Topics: beta-Glucans; Cardiovascular Diseases; Coffee; Dietary Supplements; Humans; Lipids; Obesity; Overweight; Phenols; Polyphenols

Coil overlap occurs when random coil polysaccharides such as cereal beta-glucan or galactomannan in solution are abundant enough and large enough to entangle with one another to form networks. It was recently shown that this concept applied to

Topics: Adult; beta-Glucans; Blood Glucose; Bread; Cross-Over Studies; Cyamopsis; Dietary Fiber; Digestion; Edible Grain; Flour; Galactose; Humans; Insulin; Mannans; Overweight; Postprandial Period; Starch; Triticum

Topics: Adult; Aged; beta-Glucans; Blood Pressure; Body Mass Index; Dietary Supplements; Double-Blind Method; Female; Humans; Inflammation; Interleukin-10; Interleukin-6; Male; Middle Aged; Obesity; Overweight; Time Factors; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; Waist Circumference; Yeasts; Young Adult

Currently, there are numerous studies on risk factors for cardiovascular disease and the potential for functional foods to bring benefits or improve people's health. However, most of these studies are conducted with middle-aged individuals. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of supplementing a typical diet with some functional components, which are substances that when consumed in small quantities can improve people's welfare.. The participants in this study were young; slightly overweight; had normal glucose tolerance; and had lipid values indicating dyslipidemia or close dyslipidemia. Following a 4-wk run-in phase, participants followed either a diet containing foods enriched with ω-3 fatty acids, β-glucans, phytosterols, and vitamin E or an isoenergetic diet without the active components. Sixteen individuals (age range 20 to 37 y) were randomly assigned to one of two groups. At the end of treatment, while fasting, plasma concentrations of triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and total cholesterol were measured. Furthermore, blood glucose was evaluated after fasting and after a meal enriched with β-glucans.. There was a statistically significant reduction (α < 0.05) across the lipid profile. A meal rich in β-glucans produced a glycemic response significantly lower than the nonenriched meal.. The dietary supplements used in this work, based on the integration of functional components into the usual diet of the population, have proved effective in reducing peak levels of postprandial glucose and the risk for dyslipidemia. Therefore, these functional components proved a valuable aid in the prevention of cardiovascular diseases and metabolic disorders.

Topics: Adult; beta-Glucans; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cholesterol, HDL; Cholesterol, LDL; Cross-Over Studies; Diet; Dietary Supplements; Fasting; Fatty Acids, Omega-3; Female; Humans; Insulin; Male; Meals; Overweight; Phytosterols; Postprandial Period; Risk Factors; Triglycerides; Vitamin E; Young Adult

Several regulatory bodies have approved a health claim on the cholesterol-lowering effects of oat β-glucan at levels of 3·0 g/d. The present study aimed to test whether 1·5 g/d β-glucan provided as ready-to-eat oat flakes was as effective in lowering cholesterol as 3·0 g/d from oats porridge. A 6-week randomised controlled trial was conducted in eighty-seven mildly hypercholesterolaemic ( ≥ 5 mmol/l and < 7·5 mmol/l) men and women assigned to one of three diet arms (25 % energy (E%) protein; 45 E% carbohydrate; 30 E% fat, at energy requirements for weight maintenance): (1) minimal β-glucan (control); (2) low-dose oat β-glucan (1·5 g β-glucan; oats low - OL) or (3) higher dose oat β-glucan (3·0 g β-glucan; oats high - OH). Changes in total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C) from baseline were assessed using a linear mixed model and repeated-measures ANOVA, adjusted for weight change. Total cholesterol reduced significantly in all groups ( - 7·8 (sd 13·8) %, - 7·2 (sd 12·4) % and - 5·5 (sd 9·3) % in the OH, OL and control groups), as did LDL-C ( - 8·4 (sd 18·5) %, - 8·5 (sd 18·5) % and - 5·5 (sd 12·4) % in the OH, OL and control groups), but between-group differences were not significant. In responders only (n 60), β-glucan groups had higher reductions in LDL-C ( - 18·3 (sd 11·1) % and - 18·1 (sd 9·2) % in the OH and OL groups) compared with controls ( - 11·7 (sd 7·9) %; P = 0·044). Intakes of oat β-glucan were as effective at doses of 1·5 g/d compared with 3 g/d when provided in different food formats that delivered similar amounts of soluble β-glucan.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Avena; beta-Glucans; Cholesterol; Cholesterol, LDL; Dietary Fiber; Female; Humans; Hypercholesterolemia; Linear Models; Male; Middle Aged; Overweight; Solubility

Epidemiological evidence shows an inverse relationship between dietary fibre intake and body weight gain. Oat beta-glucan, a soluble fibre alters appetite hormones and subjective satiety in acute meal test studies, but its effects have not been demonstrated with chronic consumption. The present study aimed to test the effects in women of two different doses of oat beta-glucan on weight loss and hormones associated with appetite regulation. In a 3-month parallel trial, sixty-six overweight females were randomised into one of three 2 MJ energy-deficit diets: a control and two interventions including 5-6 g or 8-9 g beta-glucan. Anthropometric and metabolic variables (blood glucose level, insulin, total cholesterol (TC), LDL, HDL, TAG and leptin), together with markers of appetite regulation (cholecystokinin (CCK), glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), ghrelin, peptide YY (PYY) and PYY3-36) were measured at baseline and at 3 months. After 3 months, all groups lost weight (P < 0.001) and showed a reduced waist circumference (P < 0.001). The study sample also showed reductions in TC, LDL, HDL, leptin, PYY, GLP-1 values (all P < 0.001) and an increase in CCK levels (P < 0.001). No significant differences were noted between the groups for all outcome values except PYY levels (P = 0.018). In broad terms, the addition of oat beta-glucan did not enhance the effect of energy restriction on weight loss in mildly overweight women, although wide variations in observed results suggests that individual responsiveness may be an issue.

Topics: Adult; Appetite; Avena; beta-Glucans; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Cholesterol; Diet, Reducing; Dietary Fiber; Dietary Supplements; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Ghrelin; Hormones; Humans; Insulin; Lipoproteins; Overweight; Peptide YY; Satiation; Weight Gain

Decreasing the postprandial glucose response is potentially of major importance to public health when low-glycemic index or high-fibre content foods are associated with a decreased risk of diabetes. We investigated in overweight subjects the effect of adding beta-glucan (BG) to a polenta (Pol) meal on postprandial metabolism and glucose bioavailability using stable isotopes. In this single-blind, randomized, crossover trial, 12 subjects ate two meals containing Pol with (Pol + BG) or without (Pol) 5 g BG. Concentrations of glucose, insulin, C-peptide, nonesterified fatty acids, triacylglycerol, total and exogenous glucose kinetics were assessed for 6 h postprandially. The kinetics of total and exogenous glucose importantly differed between the meals, but not the quantity of total and exogenous glucose appearing in plasma. Less total and exogenous glucose appeared during the first 120 min after the Pol + BG meal; the phenomenon was then reversed (both p < 0.0001). After 120 min, glucose and insulin responses declined, but remained higher after the Pol + BG meal (p < 0.05) in parallel to the inhibition of lipolysis. The endogenous glucose production (EGP) was significantly more inhibited after the Pol + BG meal. The addition of BG slowed the appearance of glucose in plasma, resulting in longer-lasting insulin secretion which exerted a prolonged inhibition of EGP and lipolysis.

Topics: Adult; beta-Glucans; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; C-Peptide; Calorimetry, Indirect; Cross-Over Studies; Dietary Fiber; Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; Food; Humans; Insulin; Kinetics; Male; Overweight; Triglycerides

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; beta-Glucans; Biological Availability; Coffee; Coumaric Acids; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Obesity; Overweight; Polyphenols; Young Adult

This study recorded acute biochemical and subjective measures of satiety, followed by energy intake from a subsequent meal, after varying doses of beta-glucan in extruded breakfast cereals. Molecular weight, solubility and viscosity of beta-glucan products were determined. Seven male and seven female subjects (BMI 25-36 kg/m) consumed five breakfasts (different doses of beta-glucan sourced from two different technological processes) and dietary intake was measured after four hours. Blood was collected to measure glucose, insulin, ghrelin and cholecystokinin, and visual analogue scales measured subjective satiety. Molecular weight, solubility and viscosity indicated products were likely to increase luminal viscosity. beta-Glucan was found to decrease insulin secretion over 2 h (RMANOVA, p = 0.011) in a dose responsive manner from 2.16 to 5.68 g per serving (p = 0.007). Cholecystokinin levels increased linearly over the same range of beta-glucan concentrations (p = 0.002) in women. Subjective satiety was increased at a beta-glucan dose of 2.2 g (p = 0.039). Subsequent meal intake decreased by greater than 400 kJ with higher beta-glucan dose (>5 g). beta-Glucan improves satiety and release of cholecystokinin is likely to be part of the mechanism. Products with different sources of beta-glucan provide similar benefits but each product requires individual testing.

Topics: Adult; Appetite Regulation; Avena; beta-Glucans; Cholecystokinin; Chromatography, Gel; Diet; Dietary Fiber; Edible Grain; Female; Ghrelin; Humans; Insulin; Male; Middle Aged; Overweight; Postprandial Period; Satiety Response; Young Adult

Consumption of a meal high in resistant starch or soluble fiber (beta-glucan) decreases peak insulin and glucose concentrations and areas under the curve (AUCs). The objective was to determine whether the effects of soluble fiber and resistant starch on glycemic variables are additive.. Ten normal-weight (43.5 years of age, BMI 22.0 kg/m2) and 10 overweight women (43.3 years of age, BMI 30.4 kg/m2) consumed 10 tolerance meals in a Latin square design. Meals (1 g carbohydrate/kg body wt) were glucose alone or muffins made with different levels of soluble fiber (0.26, 0.68, or 2.3 g beta-glucan/100 g muffin) and three levels of resistant starch (0.71, 2.57, or 5.06 g/100 g muffin).. Overweight subjects had plasma insulin concentrations higher than those of normal-weight subjects but maintained similar plasma glucose levels. Compared with low beta-glucan-low resistant starch muffins, glucose and insulin AUC decreased when beta-glucan (17 and 33%, respectively) or resistant starch (24 and 38%, respectively) content was increased. The greatest AUC reduction occurred after meals containing both high beta-glucan-high resistant starch (33 and 59% lower AUC for glucose and insulin, respectively). Overweight women were somewhat more insulin resistant than control women.. Soluble fiber appears to have a greater effect on postprandial insulin response while glucose reduction is greater after resistant starch from high-amylose cornstarch. The reduction in glycemic response was enhanced by combining resistant starch and soluble fiber. Consumption of foods containing moderate amounts of these fibers may improve glucose metabolism in both normal and overweight women.

Topics: Adult; beta-Glucans; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Dietary Carbohydrates; Female; Humans; Insulin; Overweight; Postprandial Period; Reference Values; Starch; Triglycerides