epiglucan and Acute-Kidney-Injury

Invasive fungal infection (IFI) is associated with high mortality after living donor liver transplant (LDLT). The aim of this study was to identify the risk factors for post-LDLT IFI for early diagnosis and improvement of antifungal treatment outcome.. Risk analysis data were available for all 153 patients who underwent LDLT between January 2005 and April 2012.. During the follow-up period (1,553 ± 73 days, range 20-2,946 days), 15 patients (9.8%) developed IFI classified as "proven" (n = 8) and "probable" (n = 7) with fungal pathogens including Candida spp. (n = 10), Aspergillus spp. (n = 4), and Trichosporon (n = 2). Of these patients, 7 patients with IFI died despite treatment. The 1-, 3-, and 5-year survival rates were lower in patients with IFI than those without IFI (66.7/59.3/44.4 vs. 90.4/85.7/81.8%, respectively; p = 0.0026). Multivariate analysis identified model for end-stage liver disease score of ≥26 (OR 16.0, p = 0.0012) and post-transplant acute kidney injury (RIFLE criteria I- or F-class; OR 4.87, p = 0.047) as independent risk factors for IFI.. Preoperative recipients' status and postoperative kidney dysfunction can affect an occurrence of post-transplant IFI. These risk factors would be taken into consideration for designation of proper antifungal therapy.

Topics: Acute Kidney Injury; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Antibiotic Prophylaxis; Antifungal Agents; beta-Glucans; End Stage Liver Disease; Female; Humans; Invasive Fungal Infections; Liver Transplantation; Living Donors; Male; Middle Aged; Risk Assessment; Risk Factors; Severity of Illness Index; Survival Rate; Young Adult

Ischemia-reperfusion injury is one of the leading causes of acute renal failure which is a common clinical event leading to development of chronic kidney disease and a high mortality; especially in elderly people. β-glucans are glucose polymer groups with free-radical scavenger, macrophage activator, and immune defense inducer functions. We designed this study to determine the possible protective effects of β-glucan against renal ischemia-reperfusion injury comparatively in young and aged rats.. Rats were assigned to the following groups: Young and aged sham, young and aged ischemia-reperfusion, young and aged β-glucan, young and aged ischemia-reperfusion+β-glucan. At the end of the experiment, following collection of blood samples, rats were sacrificed and kidneys were removed for histopathological and biochemical examination.. Mean tissue histopathological damage scores of young β-glucan group was lower than that of young ischemia-reperfusion group, and of aged β-glucan group was lower than that of aged ischemia-reperfusion group. Urea and creatinine levels of young and aged of sham group and β-glucan administered groups were all lower than those of ischemia-reperfusion and β-glucan+ischemia-reperfusion groups. Oxidative stress indexes of ischemia-reperfusion groups were increased however ; oxidative stress indexes of β-glucan administered to young and aged rats were lower than those of ischemia-reperfusion groups.. We conclude that β-glucan is effective to protect kidneys from ischemia-reperfusion-induced oxidative damage, especially in young rats (Fig. 6, Ref. 45).

Topics: Acute Kidney Injury; Age Factors; Animals; beta-Glucans; Free Radical Scavengers; Ischemia; Kidney; Kidney Failure, Chronic; Male; Oxidative Stress; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Reperfusion Injury

It has been shown that beta-glucan (BG), which has antioxidant and immunomodulatory effects, attenuats renal ischemia-reperfusion injury. We aimed to investigate whether BG might have a preventive role against the development of contrast-induced nephropathy and to compare its effect with nebivolol (Nb) and N-acetylcysteine (NAC).. Thirty-six Wistar albino female rats were randomly divided into six groups (n = 6 each): control, contrast media (CM), BG, BG + CM, Nb + CM, and NAC + CM. With the exception of control and CM groups, the others were given drugs orally once a day for 5 days. Kidney function parameters, inflammatory parameters, and serum and renal tissue oxidative stress markers were measured.. Increases of serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen levels were significantly higher (p < 0.05) in the CM group only. Absolute changes of serum creatinine levels in BG, BG + CM and Nb + CM groups were significantly lower than those in the CM group (p < 0.05). Serum levels of advanced oxidation protein products and malondialdehyde were significantly less (p < 0.05) in the BG group compared to the CM group. Histopathological lesions in the CM group were more advanced (p < 0.05). No significant differences between the BG + CM, Nb + CM and NAC + CM groups were found with regard to histopathological findings.. This study suggests that BG protects or ameliorates against contrast-induced nephropathy. Its beneficial effects may be similar to or greater than those of Nb or NAC.

Topics: Acetylcysteine; Acute Kidney Injury; Animals; Benzopyrans; beta-Glucans; Blood Urea Nitrogen; Contrast Media; Creatinine; Ethanolamines; Female; Nebivolol; Protective Agents; Rats

A 16-year-old male with a long history of steroid-responsive nephrotic syndrome developed fever, abdominal pain, thrombocytopenia and acute renal failure. The clinical course and renal histology were similar to, but not typical of, haemolytic uremic syndrome. Positive cultures (throat, oesophagus, stool), an elevation in serum levels of specific antibody and fungal polysaccharide (1,3) beta-D-glucan and response to the antifungal therapy indicated an association between this syndrome and infection with Candida albicans.

Topics: Acute Kidney Injury; Adolescent; beta-Glucans; Candidiasis; Glucans; Hemolytic-Uremic Syndrome; Humans; Kidney Glomerulus; Male; Nephrotic Syndrome; Renal Dialysis