epidermal-growth-factor and Periodontal-Diseases

Topics: Alveolar Bone Loss; Animals; Biomarkers; Bone Resorption; Collagen; Collagen Type I; Endothelial Growth Factors; Epidermal Growth Factor; Extracellular Matrix Proteins; Gingival Crevicular Fluid; Gingivitis; Glycosaminoglycans; Growth Substances; Humans; Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; Lymphokines; Osteocalcin; Peptides; Periodontal Diseases; Periodontal Index; Periodontitis; Platelet-Derived Growth Factor; Protein Isoforms; Proteoglycans; Transforming Growth Factor alpha; Transforming Growth Factor beta; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors

Topics: Animals; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Bone Development; Bone Resorption; Epidermal Growth Factor; Hormones; Humans; Interleukin-1; Lymphotoxin-alpha; Osteoblasts; Osteoclasts; Osteoporosis; Peptides; Periodontal Diseases; Transforming Growth Factors; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha

Inflammatory mediators are central to the pathogenesis of periodontal diseases and may be used as markers in diagnosis. The aim of this study was to identify and quantify the various growth factors, apoptosis-related modifiers [soluble form of Fas (sFas) and bcl-2] and cytokines in the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) of patients with different severities of periodontitis as compared with those of controls. GCF samples were taken from patients with periodontal disease and from controls. The concentrations of epidermal growth factor, transforming growth factor (TGF)-alpha, interleukin (IL)-1 beta, IL-6, interferon-gamma, beta 2-microglobulin (beta 2-MG), and apoptosis-related modifiers sFas and bcl-2 in the samples were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. TGF-alpha was significantly lower in patients with periodontal disease than in the controls. In contrast, the concentrations of IL-1 beta, IL-6; and beta 2-MG were significantly higher in the group with severe periodontal disease than in the controls. The amount of total protein in the GCF was considerably higher in the disease group than the controls (p < 0.05). TGF-alpha, IL-1 beta, and beta 2-MG concentrations were associated (Spearman rank correlation, r < 0.05 for all) with clinical measures of disease severity (pocket depth) and inflammation (bleeding when probed). Apoptosis-related modifiers (sFas and bcl-2) could not be detected in any samples. These results suggest that the growth factor TGF-alpha and certain cytokines are associated with the presence of periodontal disease.

Topics: Adult; beta 2-Microglobulin; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Epidermal Growth Factor; fas Receptor; Gingival Crevicular Fluid; Humans; Interferon-gamma; Interleukin-1; Interleukin-6; Middle Aged; Periodontal Diseases; Periodontal Index; Predictive Value of Tests; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; Transforming Growth Factor alpha

The recognition that periodontal regeneration can be achieved has resulted in increased efforts focused on understanding the mechanisms and factors required for restoring periodontal tissues so that clinical outcomes of such therapies are more predictable than those currently being used. In vitro models provide an excellent procedure for providing clues as to the mechanisms that may be required for regeneration of tissues. The investigations here were targeted at determining the ability of enamel matrix derivative (EMD) to influence specific properties of periodontal ligament cells in vitro. Properties of cells examined included migration, attachment, proliferation, biosynthetic activity and mineral nodule formation. Immunoassays were done to determine whether or not EMD retained known polypeptide factors. Results demonstrated that EMD under in vitro conditions formed protein aggregates, thereby providing a unique environment for cell-matrix interaction. Under these conditions, EMD: (a) enhanced proliferation of PDL cells, but not of epithelial cells; (b) increased total protein production by PDL cells; (c) promoted mineral nodule formation of PDL cells, as assayed by von Kossa staining; (d) had no significant effect on migration or attachment and spreading of cells within the limits of the assay systems used here. Next, EMD was screened for possible presence of specific molecules including: GM-CSF, calbindin D, EGF, fibronectin, bFGF, gamma-interferon, IL-1 beta, 2, 3, 6; IGF-1,2; NGF, PDGF, TNF, TGF beta. With immunoassays used, none of these molecules were identified in EMD. These in vitro studies support the concept that EMD can act as a positive matrix for cells at a regenerative site.

Topics: Calbindins; Cell Adhesion; Cell Division; Cell Movement; Cells, Cultured; Coloring Agents; Dental Enamel Proteins; Epidermal Growth Factor; Epithelial Cells; Extracellular Matrix; Fibroblast Growth Factor 2; Fibronectins; Forecasting; Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor; Humans; Insulin-Like Growth Factor I; Insulin-Like Growth Factor II; Interferon-gamma; Interleukins; Lymphotoxin-alpha; Minerals; Nerve Growth Factors; Nerve Tissue Proteins; Peptides; Periodontal Diseases; Periodontal Ligament; Platelet-Derived Growth Factor; Protein Binding; Protein Biosynthesis; Regeneration; S100 Calcium Binding Protein G; Tooth Calcification; Treatment Outcome; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha