epidermal-growth-factor and Hair-Diseases

Topics: Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antifungal Agents; Arthrodermataceae; Dermatomycoses; Epidermal Growth Factor; Epidermis; Griseofulvin; Hair; Hair Diseases; Host-Parasite Interactions; Humans; Immunity, Innate; Nail Diseases; Spores, Fungal; Tinea Capitis

To report an association between epithelial growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitors and ocular side effects.. Collection of spontaneous reports at the National Registry of Drug-Induced Ocular Side Effects (Casey Eye Institute, Portland, Oregon) in conjunction with a literature review of EGFR inhibitors associated with ocular adverse drug reactions (ADR).. EGFR inhibitors are associated with conjunctivitis, meibomitis, dry eyes, periocular skin changes and trichomegaly. EGFR inhibitors may also cause superficial punctate corneal changes and corneal erosions.. This is the first overview of all known ocular side effects associated with the use of marketed EGFR inhibitors. This is also the first effort for this class of drugs using the World Health Organization Classification as to causality.. Ophthalmologists should be aware of possible adverse ocular side effects from EGFR inhibitors and treat based on the type of ADR encountered. All ocular side effects noted are fully reversible upon discontinuation of the drug.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Epidermal Growth Factor; Eye; Female; Hair Diseases; Humans; Male; Middle Aged

AP-2 transcription factors have been implicated in epidermal biology, but their functional significance has remained elusive. Using conditional knockout technology, we show that AP-2alpha is essential for governing the balance between growth and differentiation in epidermis. In vivo, epidermis lacking AP-2alpha exhibits elevated expression of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in the differentiating layers, resulting in hyperproliferation when the receptors are activated. Chromatin immunoprecipitation and promoter activity assays identify EGFR as a direct target gene for AP-2alpha repression, and, in the absence of AP-2alpha, this is manifested primarily in excessive EGF-dependent phosphoinositol-3 kinase/Akt activity. Together, our findings unveil a hitherto unrecognized repressive role for AP-2alpha in governing EGFR gene transcription as cells exit the basal layer and withdraw from the cell cycle. These results provide insights into why elevated AP-2alpha levels are often associated with terminal differentiation and why tumor cells often display reduced AP-2alpha and elevated EGFR proteins.

Topics: Animals; Animals, Newborn; Calcium; Caspase 3; Caspases; Cell Proliferation; Chromatin Immunoprecipitation; Chromones; Dermis; DNA; Embryo, Mammalian; Enzyme Inhibitors; Epidermal Cells; Epidermal Growth Factor; Epidermis; ErbB Receptors; Gene Expression; Gene Expression Regulation; Hair Diseases; Integrases; Keratinocytes; Keratins; Ki-67 Antigen; MAP Kinase Signaling System; Mice; Mice, Transgenic; Morpholines; Phosphorylation; Promoter Regions, Genetic; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; Quinazolines; Signal Transduction; Skin; Skin Abnormalities; Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate; Transcription Factor AP-2; Transforming Growth Factor alpha; Tyrphostins