enkephalin, leucine has been researched along with Pregnancy in 190 studies
| Timeframe | Studies, this research(%) | All Research% |
|---|---|---|
| pre-1990 | 67 (35.26) | 18.7374 |
| 1990's | 84 (44.21) | 18.2507 |
| 2000's | 21 (11.05) | 29.6817 |
| 2010's | 16 (8.42) | 24.3611 |
| 2020's | 2 (1.05) | 2.80 |
| Authors | Studies |
|---|---|
| Baldini, GM; Beck, R; Cascardi, E; Cazzato, G; Cicinelli, E; Damiani, GR; Dellino, M; Malvasi, A; Tinelli, A; Vimercati, A | 1 |
| Abate, P; Hernández-Fonseca, K; Méndez, M | 1 |
| Bellia, F; D'Addario, C; Jiménez García, AM; Miranda-Morales, RS; Pautassi, RM; Wille-Bille, A | 1 |
| Feeney, C; Kristal, MB; Thompson, AC | 1 |
| Inoue, K; Murphy, AZ; Victoria, NC; Young, LJ | 1 |
| Carlin, J; Christ, L; Grissom, NM; Lyde, R; Reyes, TM; Sasson, IE; Simmons, RA; Vitins, AP | 1 |
| Chang, GQ; Karatayev, O; Leibowitz, SF | 1 |
| Gugusheff, JR; Muhlhausler, BS; Ong, ZY | 1 |
| Barson, JR; Ho, HT; Leibowitz, SF; Poon, K | 1 |
| Bordner, K; Deak, T | 1 |
| Abramova, D; Ho, HT; Leibowitz, S; Poon, K | 1 |
| Chang, GQ; Karatayev, O; Leibowitz, SF; Lukatskaya, O | 1 |
| Akabayashi, A; Alexander, J; Chang, GQ; Karatayev, O; Leibowitz, SF | 1 |
| Al-Amin, HA; Atweh, S; El-Rawas, R; Jaber, M; Saadé, NE; Thiriet, N | 1 |
| Hoffman, GE; Le, WW; Snyder, NS; Szabó, FK | 1 |
| Casaccia, P; DiNieri, JA; Dow-Edwards, D; Hurd, YL; Kaur, J; Spano, SM; Szutorisz, H; Wang, X | 1 |
| Barson, JR; Chang, GQ; Karatayev, O; Leibowitz, SF; Liang, SC | 1 |
| Dunlop, SA; Farid, WO; Hulse, GK; Krstew, EV; Lawrence, AJ; Tait, RJ | 1 |
| Holgert, H; Wickström, R; Wong, T | 1 |
| Alvarez, JC; de Mazancourt, P; Detruit, H; Dreyfus, M; Giudicelli, Y; Guillon, L; Mathonnet, F; Mazmanian, GM | 1 |
| Hnatczuk, OC; Slamberová, R; Vathy, I | 1 |
| Besson, MJ; Daugé, V; Durand, C; Giros, B; Penit-Soria, J; Vazquez, V | 1 |
| Brunton, PJ; Douglas, AJ; Ma, S; Meddle, SL; Ochedalski, T; Russell, JA | 1 |
| Erbe, EL; Falk, T; Sherman, SJ; Zhang, S | 1 |
| Cox, J; Sivam, SP | 1 |
| Franklin, SO; Jimenez, R | 1 |
| Ellgren, M; Hurd, YL; Spano, MS; Wang, X | 1 |
| Gieryk, A; Przewłocki, R; Schneider, T; Tyminska, A; Ziòłkowska, B | 1 |
| Dow-Edwards, DL; Hurd, YL; Torres-Reveron, A | 1 |
| Clarke, G; Wright, DM | 1 |
| Beckley, SC; Joh, TH; Miller, RJ; Pickel, VM; Reis, DJ; Sumal, KK | 1 |
| Grimm, C; Herz, A; Liebisch, DC; Seizinger, BR | 1 |
| Hervonen, A; Miller, RJ; Pickel, VM; Reis, DJ; Sumal, KK | 1 |
| Hervonen, A; Joh, TH; Kanerva, L; Linnoila, I; Miller, RJ; Pickel, VM; Reis, DJ | 1 |
| Hong, JS; Lamartiniere, CA; Lowe, C; Squibb, RE | 1 |
| Ng, SC; Tsang, D | 1 |
| Donald, RA | 1 |
| Bartke, A; Blum, K; Briggs, A; Dalterio, S; DeLallo, L; Sweeney, C | 1 |
| Herkenham, M; Kent, JL; Pert, CB | 1 |
| Simantov, R | 1 |
| Nencini, P; Paroli, E | 1 |
| Milloy, D | 1 |
| Graeff, H; Rust, M; Weindl, A | 1 |
| Akil, H; Khachaturian, H; Lewis, ME; Walker, JM; Watson, SJ; Young, E | 1 |
| Tan, L | 1 |
| Björklund, H; Hoffer, BJ; Olson, L; Palmer, MR; Seiger, A | 1 |
| Erdös, EG; Johnson, AR; Skidgel, RA | 1 |
| Grimm, C; Herz, A; Seizinger, BR | 1 |
| Clancy, AN; Couri, D; McGivern, RF; Mousa, S; Noble, EP | 1 |
| Clayton, LB; Gardiner, SM; Kitchen, I; Lewis, PD; Wilson, JM; Winder, C | 1 |
| Halász, B; Köves, K; Marton, J; Molnár, J | 1 |
| Fellows, RE; Raizada, MK; Yang, JW | 1 |
| Barden, N; Cusan, L; Dupont, A; Ferland, L; Labrie, F; Merand, Y | 1 |
| Hara, Y; Iida, H; Inagaki, S; Kawai, Y; Minagawa, H; Sakanaka, M; Senba, E; Shiosaka, S; Takagi, H; Takatsuki, K; Tohyama, M | 1 |
| Barden, N; Dupont, A; Mérand, Y; Rouleau, D; Savard, P | 1 |
| Iudaev, NA; Novikova, TE; Shvachkin, IuP; Smirnova, AP; Utesheva, ZF | 1 |
| Tan, L; Yu, PH | 1 |
| Lucchi, L; Memo, M; Spano, PF; Trabucchi, M | 1 |
| Bergman, B; Hedner, J; Hedner, T; Lundberg, D | 1 |
| Abrahams, SJ; Crain, SM; Hiller, JM; Naftchi, NE; Peterson, ER; Simon, EJ | 1 |
| Barnwell, SL; Janson, VE; Owens, LK; Sastry, BV; Tayeb, OS | 1 |
| Margaretten, KT; Ottinger, MA; Rosewell, KL; Weiland, NG; Wise, PM | 1 |
| Cheng, PY; Soong, Y; Szeto, HH; Wu, DL | 2 |
| Hökfelt, T; Holgert, H; Lagercrantz, H; Pequignot, JM | 1 |
| Keller, RW; Snyder-Keller, AM | 1 |
| Lagercrantz, H; Lendahl, U; Persson, H; Ringstedt, T; Tang, LQ | 1 |
| Akay, M; Akay, YM; Cheng, P; Szeto, HH | 1 |
| Bronstein, D; Cianchetta, P; Lennard, DE; Merchenthaler, A; Merchenthaler, I | 1 |
| Brito, B; Castro, R; Martín-Trujillo, JM; Notario, V; Segovia, J | 1 |
| De Vries, TJ; Jonker, AJ; Mulder, AH; Schoffelmeer, AN; Voorn, P | 1 |
| Barg, J; Belcheva, MM; Coscia, CJ; Dawn, S; Ho, MT; Ignatova, E; McHale, RJ | 1 |
| Merchenthaler, I | 1 |
| Soghomonian, JJ | 1 |
| Li, WY; Luo, CB; Tiu, SC; Yew, DT | 1 |
| Bicknell, RJ; Douglas, AJ; Dye, S; Leng, G; Russell, JA | 1 |
| Ahmed, MS; Cemerikic, B; Zamah, R | 1 |
| Ase, A; Finkielman, S; Kleid, MC; Nahmod, VE; Rodriguez Vida, MI; Vindrola, O | 1 |
| Anguelova, E; Felix, JM; Laurent-Huck, FM; Rene, F; Stoeckel, ME | 1 |
| Coulter, CL; Hey, NJ; McMillen, IC; Simonetta, G; Young, IR | 1 |
| Brenneman, DE; Fitzgerald, SC; Summers, RW; von Agoston, D; Wu, XR | 1 |
| Moody, CA; Robinson, SR; Smotherman, WP; Spear, LP | 1 |
| Bicknell, RJ; Douglas, AJ | 1 |
| Giraud, P; Kowalski, C | 1 |
| Rimanóczy, A; Vathy, I | 1 |
| Douglas, AJ; Russell, JA | 1 |
| Linner, KM; Quist, HE; Sharp, BM | 1 |
| Laprade, N; Radja, F; Reader, TA; Soghomonian, JJ | 1 |
| Broad, KD; Kendrick, KM; Keverne, EB; Sirinathsinghji, DJ | 1 |
| Basheer, R; Tempel, A; Yang, J | 1 |
| Diaz, A; Laorden, ML; Milanés, MV; Pazos, A; Sanchez, MD | 1 |
| McMillen, IC; Simonetta, G; Young, IR | 1 |
| Lam, TK; Li, WW; Yew, DT | 1 |
| Etgen, AM; Vathy, I | 1 |
| Lam, ET; Webb, SE; Yew, DT | 1 |
| Di Giulio, AM; Gorio, A; Malosio, ML; Vergani, L | 1 |
| Chai, L; Choi, WS; Rönnekleiv, OK | 1 |
| Carp, HM; Fournié-Zaluski, MC; Jayaram, A; Noreuil, T; Singh, P | 1 |
| Gauda, EB; Gerfen, CR | 1 |
| Gallego, M; Gil, J; Irazusta, J; Saitua, N; Varona, A | 1 |
| De Vries, TJ; Mulder, AH; Nestby, P; Schoffelmeer, AN; Tjon, GH; Vanderschuren, LJ; Wardeh, G | 1 |
| Soong, Y; Szeto, HH; Taylor, CC; Wu, D; Yee, JS | 1 |
| Chen, JJ; Dymshitz, J; Vasko, MR | 1 |
| Franklin, SO | 1 |
| Adams, MB; McMillen, IC; Roberts, ML; Simonetta, G | 1 |
| Braems, G; Challis, JR; Fraser, M; Jeffray, T; Matthews, SG | 1 |
| McLaughlin, PJ; Wu, Y | 1 |
| Clapp, JF; Kett, A; Kim, H; Olariu, N; Omoniyi, AT; Szeto, HH; Wu, D | 1 |
| Adams, MB; McMillen, IC; Phillips, ID; Simonetta, G | 1 |
| Chai, L; Choi, WS; Fang, Y; Rønnekleiv, OK | 1 |
| Chen, Y; Leslie, FM; Winzer-Serhan, UH | 1 |
| Pintar, JE; Zhu, Y | 1 |
| Herkenham, M; Hohmann, AG | 1 |
| Coulter, CL; McMillen, IC; Owens, JA; Robinson, JS | 1 |
| Barron, S; Belcheva, MM; Bohn, LM; Coscia, CJ; Ho, MT; Johnson, FE; Yanai, J | 1 |
| Clapp, JF; Kett, A; Kim, H; Olariu, N; Soong, Y; Szeto, HH; Wu, D | 1 |
| Bakalkin, G; Derjabin, V; Hauser, KF; Nazarevskaja, G; Reznikov, K; Trunova, Y | 1 |
| Druse, MJ; Eriksen, JL; Hao, HL | 1 |
| McLaughlin, PJ; Wu, Y; Zagon, IS | 1 |
| Fernández-Ruiz, J; Manzanares, J; Pérez-Rosado, A; Ramos, JA | 1 |
| Bloch, B; Fauchey, V; Jaber, M; Le Moine, C | 1 |
| Barami, K; Hutchins, KD; Lyman, WD | 1 |
| Akins, PK; Cooper, R; Gauda, EB; Wu, G | 1 |
| Hanson, MA; Hawkins, P; Matthews, SG | 1 |
| Kromer, W | 1 |
| Rees, LH | 1 |
| Bayon, A; Bloom, FE; Guillemin, R; Mauss, A; Shoemaker, WJ | 1 |
| Chen, CL; Kumar, MS; Muther, TF | 1 |
| Kudo, N; Okado, N; Ozaki, S | 1 |
| Luo, CB; Shen, WZ; Yew, DT | 1 |
| Bridges, RS; Hammer, RP; Mateo, AR | 1 |
| Barnard, EA; Demoliou-Mason, C; Richardson, A | 1 |
| Espinoza, K; Tempel, A | 1 |
| Borsook, D; Collard, M; Comb, MJ; Dressler, H; Herrup, K; Hyman, SE; Rosen, H | 1 |
| Maor, GI; Matlina, E; McEwen, BS; Rosen, H; Weinstock, M | 1 |
| Jones, CT | 1 |
| Barthel, F; Becquet, D; Boudouresque, F; Giraud, P; Grino, M; Kowalski, C; Loeffler, JP; Renard, M | 1 |
| Hammer, RP; Ricalde, AR; Seatriz, JV | 1 |
| Eriksson, PS; Hansson, E; Rönnbäck, L | 1 |
| Agner, PB; Dobson, CE; Eisenach, JC; Hood, DD; Inturrisi, CE | 1 |
| Bridges, RS; Insel, TR; Kinsley, CH; Mann, PE | 1 |
| Polakiewicz, RD; Rosen, H | 1 |
| Itin, A; Keshet, E; Rosen, H; Schiff, R | 1 |
| Chang, KJ; Goldsmith, PC; Jaffe, RB; Wilburn, LA | 1 |
| Cheung, CY | 1 |
| Powell, AM; Recant, L; Timmers, KI; Voyles, NR; Wilkins, SD; Zalenski, CM | 1 |
| Buder, A; Litt, M; Surti, U | 1 |
| Kaliuzhnyĭ, AE; Mironova, OV; Platonov, ES; Sukhikh, GT | 1 |
| Lightman, SL; Young, WS | 1 |
| Cros, J; Francés, B; Meunier, JC; Porthé, G; Verrier, B | 1 |
| Herz, A; Millan, MJ | 1 |
| Lindberg, B; Lyrenäs, S; Nyberg, F; Terenius, L | 1 |
| McMillen, IC | 1 |
| Branch, BJ; Lewis, JW; Liebeskind, JC; Nelson, LR; Taylor, AN | 1 |
| Bueno, L; Cupo, A; Menezo, Y | 1 |
| Browne, CA; Coulter, CL; Howe, PR; McMillen, IC; Mulvogue, HM | 1 |
| Olley, JE; Tiong, GK | 1 |
| Fujimoto, Y; Shimamori, Y; Watanabe, Y | 1 |
| Aleksandrov, VA; Bespalov, VG; Khavinson, VKh; Morozov, VG | 1 |
| Maĭzelis, MIa; Zabludovskiĭ, AL | 1 |
| Bailey, C; Kitchen, I | 1 |
| Lebed'ko, OA; Pinaev, SK; Pinaeva, OG; Sazonova, EN | 1 |
| Lebed'ko, OA; Sazonova, EN; Simankova, AA | 1 |
| Cao, L; Gu, H; Hong, X; Hu, D; Jin, Z; Li, P; Liu, Y | 1 |
| Block, ML; Hong, JS; Liu, Y; Qian, X; Qin, L | 1 |
| Basaran, M; Bayar, U; Coskun, A; Gezer, S; Kiran, S | 1 |
| Azad, R; Baetge, G; Bloom, FE; Sapin, V; Shoemaker, WJ | 1 |
| Alessi, NE; Khachaturian, H; Munfakh, N; Watson, SJ | 1 |
| Blanchard, SG; Chang, KJ; Cuatrecasas, P | 1 |
| Hara, Y; Inagaki, S; Kawai, Y; Sakanaka, M; Senba, E; Shiosaka, S; Takatsuki, K; Tohyama, M | 1 |
| Bousquet, J; Challis, JR; Lye, SJ | 1 |
| Chee, O; Emmert, S; Keil, LC; Rosella-Dampman, LM; Summy-Long, JY | 1 |
| Itoh, K; Jotwani, G; Wadhwa, S | 1 |
| Dixon, JS; Jen, PY | 1 |
| Gintzler, AR; Gupta, D; Medina, VM | 1 |
| Cao, L; Jing, LJ; Liang, QJ; Qian, PD; Zhao, ZZ | 1 |
| Ge, F; Hammer, RP; Tobet, SA | 1 |
| Lebed'ko, OA; Timoshin, SS | 1 |
| Fujibayashi, K; Kubota, K; Saito, K; Sugimoto-Watanabe, A | 1 |
| Crain, SM; Shen, KF | 1 |
| Olley, JE; Scheer, J; Tiong, GK; von Jenner, NM | 1 |
| Azmitia, EC; Davila-Garcia, MI | 1 |
| Izhar, M; Perk, K; Shemesh, M; Varsano, JS | 1 |
| Hazato, T; Nishimura, K | 1 |
| Kato, Y | 1 |
| Conde, E; Lavandero, S; Puente, J; Sapag-Hagar, M | 1 |
| Bicknell, RJ; Chapman, C; Leng, G | 1 |
| Boon, ME; Marani, E; Rietveld, WJ | 1 |
| Aĭrapetiants, MG; Kolomeĭtseva, IA; Levina, OL; Nozdracheva, LV | 1 |
9 review(s) available for enkephalin, leucine and Pregnancy
| Article | Year |
|---|---|
Endogenous opioids: biology and function.
Topics: Adrenal Medulla; Analgesia; Animals; Behavior; Blood Pressure; Brain; Cardiovascular Physiological Phenomena; Drug Tolerance; Endocrine Glands; Endorphins; Enkephalins; Female; Humans; Morphine; Naloxone; Pain; Pituitary Gland; Pituitary Hormones, Anterior; Pregnancy; Pro-Opiomelanocortin; Protein Precursors; Protein Processing, Post-Translational; Receptors, Opioid; Shock; Spinal Cord; Stress, Physiological; Tissue Distribution | 1984 |
Physiological role of endorphins in neuroendocrinology.
Topics: Aging; Animals; Endorphins; Enkephalin, Methionine; Enkephalins; Estrus; Female; Growth Hormone; Hypothalamus; Male; Pregnancy; Prolactin; Rats; Serotonin; Stimulation, Chemical | 1981 |
Catecholamines, enkephalins and the response of the fetal adrenal medulla to hypoxaemia.
Topics: Adrenal Medulla; Animals; Catecholamines; Enkephalins; Female; Hypoxia; Immunohistochemistry; Pregnancy; Sheep; Sheep Diseases | 1997 |
[Endorphins--endogenous peptides with morphine-like effects. 2. Biological importance, clinical apsects].
Topics: Behavior; Body Temperature Regulation; Drug Tolerance; Endorphins; Enkephalins; Epilepsy; Female; Gastrointestinal Motility; Humans; Learning; Naloxone; Pain Insensitivity, Congenital; Pregnancy; Stress, Psychological | 1978 |
ACTH, lipotrophin and MSH in health and disease.
Topics: Adrenal Cortex Diseases; Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Amino Acid Sequence; beta-Lipotropin; Circadian Rhythm; Cushing Syndrome; Enkephalins; Female; Humans; Hydrocortisone; Kidney Failure, Chronic; Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormones; Pituitary Diseases; Placenta; Pregnancy; Renal Dialysis | 1977 |
The endocrinology of the opioids.
Topics: Adrenal Glands; Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Animals; Arginine Vasopressin; beta-Endorphin; Circadian Rhythm; Dynorphins; Endocrine Glands; Endorphins; Enkephalins; Female; Humans; Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System; Islets of Langerhans; Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormones; Oxytocin; Pain; Pituitary Gland, Anterior; Pituitary Gland, Posterior; Pregnancy; Rats; Receptors, Opioid; Shock; Stress, Physiological | 1985 |
Opioid peptides: a role in sudden infant death syndrome?
Topics: beta-Endorphin; Central Nervous System; Endorphins; Enkephalins; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Pregnancy; Respiration; Sudden Infant Death | 1986 |
Neuropeptides as positive or negative neuronal growth regulatory factors: effects of ACTH and leu-enkephalin on cultured serotonergic neurons.
Topics: Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Animals; Cells, Cultured; Enkephalin, Leucine; Female; Nerve Growth Factors; Neurons; Neuropeptides; Pregnancy; Rats; Receptors, Opioid; Serotonin | 1990 |
Late development of the medio-basal hypothalamic neuronal network around puberty. Some histochemical studies in the rat.
Topics: Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Arcuate Nucleus of Hypothalamus; Biomechanical Phenomena; Castration; Catalase; Catecholamines; Enkephalin, Leucine; Estrus; Female; Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone; Histocytochemistry; Hypothalamus, Middle; Immunochemistry; Isoenzymes; Median Eminence; Nerve Net; Nervous System; Neurons; Peroxidase; Peroxidases; Pregnancy; Rats; Sodium Glutamate; Suprachiasmatic Nucleus; Tissue Distribution | 1985 |
1 trial(s) available for enkephalin, leucine and Pregnancy
| Article | Year |
|---|---|
Use of an aromatase inhibitor in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome: a prospective randomized trial.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Aromatase Inhibitors; Double-Blind Method; Enkephalin, Leucine; Female; Humans; Infertility, Female; Polycystic Ovary Syndrome; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Outcome; Treatment Outcome | 2006 |
180 other study(ies) available for enkephalin, leucine and Pregnancy
| Article | Year |
|---|---|
Prolonged Dystocic Labor in Neuraxial Analgesia and the Role of Enkephalin Neurotransmitters: An Experimental Study.
Topics: Analgesia; Cesarean Section; Dystocia; Enkephalins; Female; Humans; Neurotransmitter Agents; Pain; Pregnancy | 2023 |
Prenatal ethanol exposure and enkephalinergic neurotransmission.
Topics: Alcohol Drinking; Animals; Brain; Brain Chemistry; Dopamine; Enkephalins; Ethanol; Female; Nucleus Accumbens; Opioid Peptides; Prefrontal Cortex; Pregnancy; Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; Rats; Receptors, Opioid; Reinforcement, Psychology; Synaptic Transmission; Ventral Tegmental Area | 2019 |
Early exposure to environmental enrichment modulates the effects of prenatal ethanol exposure upon opioid gene expression and adolescent ethanol intake.
Topics: Alcohol Drinking; Amygdala; Animals; Anxiety; Brain; Enkephalins; Environment; Ethanol; Female; Gene Expression Regulation; Male; Nucleus Accumbens; Pregnancy; Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; Protein Precursors; Rats, Wistar; Receptors, Opioid, kappa; RNA, Messenger; Ventral Tegmental Area | 2020 |
Amniotic-fluid ingestion enhances central δ-opioid-induced hypoalgesia in rats in the cold-water tail-flick assay in a repeated-measures design.
Topics: Amniotic Fluid; Analgesics; Analgesics, Opioid; Animals; Cold Temperature; Eating; Enkephalin, Ala(2)-MePhe(4)-Gly(5)-; Enkephalin, D-Penicillamine (2,5)-; Enkephalins; Female; Pain; Pain Measurement; Pain Threshold; Pregnancy; Rats; Rats, Long-Evans; Receptors, Opioid, delta; Water | 2018 |
A single neonatal injury induces life-long deficits in response to stress.
Topics: Amygdala; Analgesia; Anhedonia; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Anxiety; Behavior, Animal; Densitometry; Enkephalin, Methionine; Enkephalins; Female; Food Preferences; Immunohistochemistry; In Situ Hybridization; Opioid Peptides; Periaqueductal Gray; Pregnancy; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; RNA, Messenger; Septum of Brain; Stress, Psychological; Sucrose; Swimming | 2013 |
Obesity at conception programs the opioid system in the offspring brain.
Topics: Animals; Brain; Disease Models, Animal; DNA Methylation; Dopamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins; Embryo Disposition; Enkephalins; Female; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; Genes, sry; Green Fluorescent Proteins; Male; Maternal-Fetal Relations; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Transgenic; Obesity; Pregnancy; Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; Protein Precursors; Receptors, Opioid, mu | 2014 |
Prenatal exposure to nicotine stimulates neurogenesis of orexigenic peptide-expressing neurons in hypothalamus and amygdala.
Topics: Age Factors; Amygdala; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Bromodeoxyuridine; Enkephalins; Female; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; Hypothalamic Hormones; Hypothalamus; In Situ Nick-End Labeling; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; Melanins; Neurogenesis; Neurons; Neuropeptides; Nicotine; Nicotinic Agonists; Orexins; Phosphopyruvate Hydratase; Pituitary Hormones; Pregnancy; Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; RNA, Messenger | 2013 |
Naloxone treatment alters gene expression in the mesolimbic reward system in 'junk food' exposed offspring in a sex-specific manner but does not affect food preferences in adulthood.
Topics: Animals; Diet, High-Fat; Dietary Sucrose; Dopamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins; Eating; Enkephalins; Feeding Behavior; Female; Food Preferences; Gene Expression Regulation; Male; Naloxone; Narcotic Antagonists; Nucleus Accumbens; Pregnancy; Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Receptors, Dopamine; Reward; RNA, Messenger; Sex Characteristics; Ventral Tegmental Area | 2014 |
Stimulatory role of the chemokine CCL2 in the migration and peptide expression of embryonic hypothalamic neurons.
Topics: Analysis of Variance; Animals; Cell Movement; Cells, Cultured; Chemokine CCL2; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Embryo, Mammalian; Enkephalins; Female; Galanin; Hypothalamus; Neurons; Neuropeptides; Phosphopyruvate Hydratase; Pregnancy; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, CCR2; RNA, Messenger | 2014 |
Endogenous opioids as substrates for ethanol intake in the neonatal rat: The impact of prenatal ethanol exposure on the opioid family in the early postnatal period.
Topics: Age Factors; Alcohol Drinking; Analysis of Variance; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Brain; Central Nervous System Depressants; Dynorphins; Enkephalins; Ethanol; Female; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; Gestational Age; Male; Pregnancy; Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; Pro-Opiomelanocortin; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, Opioid; RNA, Messenger | 2015 |
Prenatal fat-rich diet exposure alters responses of embryonic neurons to the chemokine, CCL2, in the hypothalamus.
Topics: Animals; Cell Movement; Cells, Cultured; Chemokine CCL2; Dietary Fats; Enkephalins; Female; Galanin; Hypothalamus; Neurons; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Protein Precursors; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, CCR2; Receptors, CCR4; RNA, Messenger | 2016 |
Prenatal fat exposure and hypothalamic PPAR β/δ: Possible relationship to increased neurogenesis of orexigenic peptide neurons.
Topics: Amygdala; Animals; Consummatory Behavior; Diet, High-Fat; Dietary Fats; Disease Susceptibility; Enkephalins; Female; Hypothalamic Hormones; Hypothalamus; Melanins; Neurogenesis; Neurons; Pituitary Hormones; PPAR delta; PPAR-beta; Pregnancy; Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; Rats, Sprague-Dawley | 2016 |
Puberty onset in female rats: relationship with fat intake, ovarian steroids and the peptides, galanin and enkephalin, in the paraventricular and medial preoptic nuclei.
Topics: Animals; Body Weight; Brain; Diet; Dietary Fats; Eating; Enkephalins; Estrogens; Female; Galanin; Male; Ovary; Paraventricular Hypothalamic Nucleus; Pregnancy; Preoptic Area; Progesterone; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Steroids | 2009 |
Developmental changes in the mRNA expression of neuropeptides and dopamine and glutamate receptors in neonates and adult rats after ventral hippocampal lesion.
Topics: Age Factors; Analysis of Variance; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Brain Injuries; Dynorphins; Enkephalins; Female; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; Hippocampus; Ibotenic Acid; Male; Neuropeptides; Pregnancy; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, Dopamine; Receptors, Glutamate; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; RNA, Messenger; Substance P | 2009 |
Comparison of the temporal programs regulating tyrosine hydroxylase and enkephalin expressions in TIDA neurons of lactating rats following pup removal and then pup return.
Topics: Animals; Animals, Suckling; Arcuate Nucleus of Hypothalamus; Dopaminergic Neurons; Enkephalins; Female; Lactation; Pregnancy; Rats; RNA, Messenger; Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase | 2011 |
Maternal cannabis use alters ventral striatal dopamine D2 gene regulation in the offspring.
Topics: Alcohol Drinking; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Conditioning, Psychological; Dronabinol; Enkephalins; Epigenesis, Genetic; Female; Fetus; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; Humans; Male; Marijuana Abuse; Morphine; Nucleus Accumbens; Pregnancy; Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; Protein Precursors; Radioligand Assay; Radionuclide Imaging; Rats; Rats, Long-Evans; Receptors, Dopamine D2; Reward; Smoking | 2011 |
Prenatal ethanol exposure stimulates neurogenesis in hypothalamic and limbic peptide systems: possible mechanism for offspring ethanol overconsumption.
Topics: Alcoholism; Animals; Antimetabolites; Brain; Bromodeoxyuridine; Central Nervous System Depressants; Digoxigenin; Enkephalins; Ethanol; Female; Fluorescent Antibody Technique; Galanin; Hypothalamus; Immunohistochemistry; In Situ Hybridization; In Situ Nick-End Labeling; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; Limbic System; Neuropeptides; Orexins; Pregnancy; Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; RNA, Messenger | 2012 |
Maternally administered sustained-release naltrexone in rats affects offspring neurochemistry and behaviour in adulthood.
Topics: Animals; Behavior, Animal; Brain; Delayed-Action Preparations; Dynorphins; Enkephalins; Female; Gene Expression; Male; Morphine; Motor Activity; Naltrexone; Narcotic Antagonists; Narcotics; Neostriatum; Pregnancy; Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, Opioid, mu; Self Administration | 2012 |
Chronic prenatal nicotine exposure alters enkephalin mRNA regulation in the perinatal rat adrenal medulla.
Topics: Adrenal Medulla; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Enkephalins; Female; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; Nicotine; Nicotinic Agonists; Pregnancy; Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; RNA, Messenger; Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase | 2003 |
Fibrinogen Poissy II (gammaN361K): a novel dysfibrinogenemia associated with defective polymerization and peptide B release.
Topics: Abruptio Placentae; Adult; Afibrinogenemia; Blood Coagulation Tests; Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation; DNA Mutational Analysis; Enkephalins; Family Health; Female; Fibrinogens, Abnormal; Humans; Mutation, Missense; Point Mutation; Pregnancy; Protein Precursors; Thrombin | 2003 |
Expression of proopiomelanocortin and proenkephalin mRNA in sexually dimorphic brain regions are altered in adult male and female rats treated prenatally with morphine.
Topics: Animals; Enkephalins; Estradiol; Female; Hypothalamus; In Situ Hybridization; Limbic System; Male; Morphine; Ovariectomy; Pregnancy; Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; Pro-Opiomelanocortin; Progesterone; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; RNA, Messenger | 2004 |
Maternal deprivation increases vulnerability to morphine dependence and disturbs the enkephalinergic system in adulthood.
Topics: Analysis of Variance; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Autoradiography; Behavior, Animal; Brain; Choice Behavior; Conditioning, Psychological; Dialysis; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drinking Behavior; Enkephalin, Ala(2)-MePhe(4)-Gly(5)-; Enkephalin, Methionine; Enkephalins; Female; In Situ Hybridization; Maternal Deprivation; Morphine; Morphine Dependence; Narcotics; Nucleus Accumbens; Pregnancy; Protein Precursors; Radioimmunoassay; Rats; Rats, Long-Evans; Receptors, Opioid, mu; RNA, Messenger; Self Administration; Sucrose; Time Factors; Tritium | 2005 |
Endogenous opioids and attenuated hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis responses to immune challenge in pregnant rats.
Topics: Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Age Factors; Analysis of Variance; Animals; Cell Count; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone; Drug Interactions; Enkephalins; Female; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System; Immunohistochemistry; In Situ Hybridization; Interleukin-1; Lipopolysaccharides; Microdialysis; Naloxone; Narcotic Antagonists; Narcotics; Oncogene Proteins v-fos; Pituitary-Adrenal System; Pregnancy; Pro-Opiomelanocortin; Protein Precursors; Radioimmunoassay; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, Opioid, mu; Solitary Nucleus; Time Factors | 2005 |
Neurochemical and electrophysiological characteristics of rat striatal neurons in primary culture.
Topics: Animals; Calcium-Binding Proteins; Cells, Cultured; Corpus Striatum; Enkephalins; Female; Glutamate Decarboxylase; Immunohistochemistry; Neurons; Patch-Clamp Techniques; Potassium Channels; Pregnancy; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, Cannabinoid; Receptors, Dopamine D1; Receptors, Dopamine D2; Substance P | 2006 |
Postnatal administration of D1 dopamine agonist reverses neonatal dopaminergic lesion-induced changes in striatal enkephalin and substance P systems.
Topics: 2,3,4,5-Tetrahydro-7,8-dihydroxy-1-phenyl-1H-3-benzazepine; 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid; Adrenergic Agents; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Corpus Striatum; Dopamine; Drug Interactions; Enkephalins; Female; Gene Expression; Humans; Male; Oxidopamine; Pregnancy; Quinpirole; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, Dopamine D1; Receptors, Dopamine D2; Substance P | 2006 |
Increases in preproenkephalin mRNA levels in the Syrian hamster: the influence of glucocorticoids is dependent on age and tissue.
Topics: Adrenal Glands; Age Factors; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Corpus Striatum; Cricetinae; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Interactions; Enkephalins; Enzyme Inhibitors; Female; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; Glucocorticoids; Hormone Antagonists; Hypophysectomy; Male; Metyrapone; Mifepristone; Phenylethanolamine N-Methyltransferase; Pregnancy; Protein Precursors; RNA, Messenger | 2006 |
Prenatal cannabis exposure increases heroin seeking with allostatic changes in limbic enkephalin systems in adulthood.
Topics: Analysis of Variance; Animals; Autoradiography; Behavior, Animal; Cannabis; Conditioning, Operant; Dynorphins; Enkephalins; Female; Guanosine 5'-O-(3-Thiotriphosphate); Heroin Dependence; In Situ Hybridization; Limbic System; Pregnancy; Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; Protein Binding; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Long-Evans; Reaction Time | 2007 |
Prenatal exposure to valproic acid disturbs the enkephalinergic system functioning, basal hedonic tone, and emotional responses in an animal model of autism.
Topics: Animals; Anticonvulsants; Anxiety; Autistic Disorder; Basal Ganglia; Conditioning, Classical; Disease Models, Animal; Dopamine; Emotions; Enkephalins; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Gene Expression; Learning; Male; Maze Learning; Memory; Pregnancy; Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Recognition, Psychology; RNA, Messenger; Valproic Acid | 2007 |
Gender differences in prodynorphin but not proenkephalin mRNA expression in the striatum of adolescent rats exposed to prenatal cocaine.
Topics: Animals; Animals, Newborn; Cocaine; Corpus Striatum; Enkephalins; Female; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; Male; Pregnancy; Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; Protein Precursors; Rats; RNA, Messenger; Sex Characteristics | 2007 |
Inhibition of oxytocin secretion by mu and delta receptor selective enkephalin analogues.
Topics: Animals; Enkephalin, Ala(2)-MePhe(4)-Gly(5)-; Enkephalin, Leucine; Enkephalin, Leucine-2-Alanine; Enkephalins; Female; Lactation; Oxytocin; Pregnancy; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Receptors, Opioid; Receptors, Opioid, delta; Receptors, Opioid, mu | 1984 |
Light and electron microscopic localization of enkephalin and tyrosine hydroxylase in neostriatum of fetal and adult rat brain.
Topics: Aging; Animals; Corpus Striatum; Endorphins; Enkephalins; Female; Fetus; Fluorescent Antibody Technique; Immunoenzyme Techniques; Microscopy, Electron; Pregnancy; Rats; Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase | 1981 |
Ontogenetic development of the pro-enkephalin B (= pro-dynorphin) opioid peptide system in the rat pituitary.
Topics: Animals; Animals, Newborn; Cell Differentiation; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Dynorphins; Endorphins; Enkephalin, Leucine; Enkephalins; Female; Male; Molecular Weight; Oxytocin; Peptide Fragments; Peptides; Pituitary Gland, Anterior; Pituitary Gland, Posterior; Pregnancy; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Vasopressins | 1984 |
Immunocytochemical localization of enkephalin and substance P in the dorsal tegmental nuclei in human fetal brain.
Topics: Afferent Pathways; Axons; Endorphins; Enkephalins; Female; Gestational Age; Humans; Immunoenzyme Techniques; Limbic System; Neurons; Pregnancy; Substance P | 1980 |
Immunocytochemical demonstration of the catecholamine-synthesizing enzymes and neuropeptides in the catecholamine-storing cells of human fetal sympathetic nervous system.
Topics: Catecholamines; Dopamine beta-Hydroxylase; Enkephalin, Leucine; Enkephalin, Methionine; Enkephalins; Female; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Phenylethanolamine N-Methyltransferase; Pregnancy; Substance P; Sympathetic Nervous System; Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase | 1980 |
Monosodium glutamate exposure in the neonate alters hypothalamic and pituitary neuropeptide levels in the adult.
Topics: Animals; Endorphins; Enkephalin, Methionine; Enkephalins; Female; Glutamates; Hypothalamus; Male; Nerve Tissue Proteins; Neurotensin; Pituitary Gland; Pregnancy; Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; Rats; Sex Factors; Sodium Glutamate; Substance P | 1981 |
Effect of antenatal exposure to opiates on the development of opiate receptors in rat brain.
Topics: Aging; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Brain; Enkephalin, Methionine; Enkephalins; Female; Fetus; Maternal-Fetal Exchange; Morphine; Naloxone; Pregnancy; Rats; Receptors, Opioid | 1980 |
ACTH and related peptides.
Topics: ACTH Syndrome, Ectopic; Adrenal Glands; Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; beta-Lipotropin; Circadian Rhythm; Cushing Syndrome; Endorphins; Enkephalins; Female; Humans; Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormones; Nelson Syndrome; Pregnancy; Structure-Activity Relationship; Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone | 1980 |
Perinatal exposure to delta 9-THC in mice: altered enkephalin and norepinephrine sensitivity in vas deferens.
Topics: Aging; Animals; Dronabinol; Endorphins; Enkephalin, Methionine; Enkephalins; Female; Male; Mice; Muscle, Smooth; Norepinephrine; Pregnancy; Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; Vas Deferens | 1980 |
Ontogeny of opiate receptors in rat forebrain: visualization by in vitro autoradiography.
Topics: Aging; Animals; Autoradiography; Cerebral Cortex; Corpus Striatum; Enkephalin, Leucine-2-Alanine; Enkephalins; Female; Naloxone; Neurons; Olfactory Pathways; Pregnancy; Rats; Receptors, Opioid; Septum Pellucidum; Telencephalon | 1981 |
Localization and modulation of enkephalins, endorphins and opiate receptors in the CNS and the pituitary gland.
Topics: Animals; Brain; Circadian Rhythm; Endorphins; Enkephalins; Estrus; Evoked Potentials; Female; Male; Mice; Pituitary Gland; Pregnancy; Rats; Receptors, Opioid; Sexual Behavior, Animal; Spinal Cord | 1981 |
Lipolytic and enkephalinase inhibitory activities of polypeptides from placental autolysate prepared for therapeutic purposes.
Topics: Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Animals; Endorphins; Enkephalins; Enzymes; Female; Humans; Placenta; Pregnancy; Rabbits; Radioimmunoassay; Tissue Extracts | 1981 |
Enkephalins and endorphins: the endogenous opiates.
Topics: Analgesia; Animals; Brain; Endorphins; Enkephalins; Female; Humans; Male; Nociceptors; Pain; Pregnancy; Receptors, Opioid | 1982 |
Immunohistochemical studies on opioid peptides in the human placenta.
Topics: Animals; Endorphins; Enkephalins; Female; Humans; Immunoenzyme Techniques; Pituitary Gland; Placenta; Pregnancy; Rats; Receptors, Opioid | 1983 |
Simple, efficient ternary solvent system for the separation of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone and enkephalins by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography.
Topics: Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Enkephalins; Female; Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone; Humans; Placenta; Pregnancy; Solvents | 1983 |
Survival and growth of neurons with enkephalin-like immunoreactivity in fetal brain areas grafted to the anterior chamber of the eye.
Topics: Animals; Anterior Chamber; Brain; Enkephalins; Female; Fetus; Fluorescent Antibody Technique; Graft Survival; Models, Neurological; Nerve Fibers; Nerve Regeneration; Nerve Tissue; Neurons; Pregnancy; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Spinal Cord | 1983 |
Hydrolysis of opioid hexapeptides by carboxypeptidase N. Presence of carboxypeptidase in cell membranes.
Topics: Adrenal Glands; Amniotic Fluid; Animals; Bradykinin; Carboxypeptidases; Cattle; Cell Membrane; Enkephalins; Female; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Hydrolysis; Kinetics; Lung; Lysine Carboxypeptidase; Oligopeptides; Placenta; Pregnancy | 1984 |
Evidence for a differential postnatal development of proenkephalin B (= prodynorphin)-derived opioid peptides in the rat hypothalamus.
Topics: Age Factors; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Chromatography, Gel; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Enkephalins; Female; Hypothalamus; Male; Molecular Weight; Oxytocin; Pituitary Hormones, Anterior; Pregnancy; Pro-Opiomelanocortin; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Sex Factors; Vasopressins | 1984 |
Pain in labour.
Topics: Anesthesia, Epidural; Anesthesia, General; Anesthesia, Intravenous; Anesthesia, Obstetrical; Anesthetics, Local; Endorphins; Enkephalins; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Labor, Obstetric; Maternal-Fetal Exchange; Mother-Child Relations; Pain Management; Pregnancy | 1983 |
Prenatal alcohol exposure alters enkephalin levels, without affecting ethanol preference.
Topics: Alcohol Drinking; Animals; Enkephalin, Leucine; Enkephalin, Methionine; Enkephalins; Ethanol; Female; Fetus; Globus Pallidus; Male; Pituitary Gland; Pregnancy; Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains | 1984 |
The effect of perinatal lead administration on the ontogeny of striatal enkephalin levels in the rat.
Topics: Animals; Body Weight; Brain; Corpus Striatum; Enkephalins; Female; Lead; Lead Poisoning; Maternal-Fetal Exchange; Organ Size; Pregnancy; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains | 1984 |
(D-Met2,Pro5)-enkephalinamide-induced blockade of ovulation and its reversal by naloxone in the rat.
Topics: Animals; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Endorphins; Enkephalin, Methionine; Enkephalins; Estrus; Female; Follicle Stimulating Hormone; Luteinizing Hormone; Naloxone; Ovulation; Pregnancy; Rats | 1981 |
Effects of insulin on cultured rat brain cells: stimulation of ornithine decarboxylase activity.
Topics: Angiotensin II; Animals; Brain; Carboxy-Lyases; Cells, Cultured; Enkephalin, Methionine; Enkephalins; Female; Glucagon; Growth Hormone; Insulin; Ornithine Decarboxylase; Pregnancy; Rats | 1981 |
Ontogeny of the leucine-enkephalin neuron system of the rat: immunohistochemical analysis. I. Lower brainstem.
Topics: Animals; Brain Stem; Cell Differentiation; Cerebellum; Endorphins; Enkephalin, Leucine; Enkephalins; Female; Fluorescent Antibody Technique; Gestational Age; Locus Coeruleus; Male; Medulla Oblongata; Neurons; Pons; Pregnancy; Raphe Nuclei; Rats; Reticular Formation; Trigeminal Nuclei | 1982 |
[Opiate peptides: distribution and relation to the neuroendocrine system].
Topics: Animals; Brain; Endorphins; Enkephalins; Estradiol; Estrus; Female; Haloperidol; Pituitary Hormones, Anterior; Pregnancy; Rats | 1980 |
[Prolactin secretion inhibition as affected by leucine enkephalin].
Topics: Animals; Endorphins; Enkephalin, Leucine; Enkephalins; Female; In Vitro Techniques; Lactation; Pituitary Gland, Anterior; Pregnancy; Prolactin; Rats; Time Factors | 1981 |
De novo biosynthesis of enkephalins and their homologues in the human placenta.
Topics: Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Endorphins; Enkephalin, Leucine; Enkephalin, Methionine; Enkephalins; Female; Humans; In Vitro Techniques; Peptide Fragments; Placenta; Pregnancy; Radioimmunoassay; Tyrosine | 1981 |
Dose-dependent and reversible effects of lead on rat dopaminergic system.
Topics: 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid; Animals; Brain; Corpus Striatum; Dopamine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Enkephalins; Female; Kinetics; Lead; Methyltyrosines; Nucleus Accumbens; Pregnancy; Rats | 1981 |
Transient apnea after an enkephalin analogue in the preterm rabbit.
Topics: Animals; Animals, Newborn; Apnea; D-Ala(2),MePhe(4),Met(0)-ol-enkephalin; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Endorphins; Enkephalins; Female; Naloxone; Pregnancy; Rabbits | 1981 |
Presence of leucine-enkephalin in organotypic explants of fetal mouse spinal cord.
Topics: Animals; Endorphins; Enkephalin, Leucine; Enkephalins; Female; Histocytochemistry; Immunochemistry; Mice; Organ Culture Techniques; Pregnancy; Spinal Cord | 1981 |
Occurrence of methionine enkephalin in human placental villus.
Topics: Endorphins; Enkephalin, Methionine; Enkephalins; Female; Humans; Placenta; Pregnancy; Radioimmunoassay | 1980 |
Effect of lactation on hypothalamic preproenkephalin gene expression.
Topics: Animals; Arcuate Nucleus of Hypothalamus; Enkephalins; Female; Gene Expression; Hypothalamus; Lactation; Pregnancy; Preoptic Area; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley | 1995 |
Opioid modulation of fetal glucose homeostasis: role of receptor subtypes.
Topics: Analgesics, Opioid; Animals; Blood Glucose; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Enkephalin, Ala(2)-MePhe(4)-Gly(5)-; Enkephalins; Female; Fetus; Glucose; Homeostasis; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Morphine; Naloxone; Narcotic Antagonists; Opioid Peptides; Pregnancy; Receptors, Opioid; Sheep | 1995 |
Birth-related up-regulation of mRNA encoding tyrosine hydroxylase, dopamine beta-hydroxylase, neuropeptide tyrosine, and prepro-enkephalin in rat adrenal medulla is dependent on postnatal oxygenation.
Topics: Adrenal Medulla; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Dopamine beta-Hydroxylase; Enkephalins; Female; Genetic Code; Histocytochemistry; In Situ Hybridization; Labor, Obstetric; Neuropeptide Y; Oxygen; Pregnancy; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; RNA, Messenger; Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase; Up-Regulation | 1995 |
Prenatal cocaine increases striatal serotonin innervation without altering the patch/matrix organization of intrinsic cell types.
Topics: Acetylcholinesterase; Aging; Animals; Calbindins; Cocaine; Corpus Striatum; Enkephalins; Female; Immunohistochemistry; Male; NADPH Dehydrogenase; Neurons, Afferent; Pregnancy; Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; S100 Calcium Binding Protein G; Serotonin; Substance P; Substantia Nigra | 1993 |
Expression of c-fos, tyrosine hydroxylase, and neuropeptide mRNA in the rat brain around birth: effects of hypoxia and hypothermia.
Topics: Animals; Animals, Newborn; Brain; Enkephalins; Female; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; Genes, fos; Hypothermia; Hypoxia; Neuropeptide Y; Neuropeptides; Pregnancy; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; RNA, Messenger; Tachykinins; Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase | 1995 |
Investigating the effects of opioid drugs on electrocortical activity using wavelet transform.
Topics: Animals; Cerebral Cortex; Data Interpretation, Statistical; Electroencephalography; Embryonic and Fetal Development; Enkephalin, D-Penicillamine (2,5)-; Enkephalins; Female; Morphine; Pregnancy; Receptors, Opioid; Sheep; Time Factors | 1995 |
Induction of proenkephalin in tuberoinfundibular dopaminergic neurons by hyperprolactinemia: the role of sex steroids.
Topics: Animals; Dopamine; Enkephalins; Estradiol; Female; Gene Expression; Gonadal Steroid Hormones; Hyperprolactinemia; Hypophysectomy; Hypothalamus; Immunohistochemistry; In Situ Hybridization; Neurons; Ovariectomy; Pregnancy; Progesterone; Prolactin; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; RNA, Messenger; Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase | 1995 |
Prenatal haloperidol induces a selective reduction in the expression of plasticity-related genes in neonate rat forebrain.
Topics: Actins; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Blotting, Northern; Calmodulin; Cell Adhesion Molecules, Neuronal; Enkephalins; Female; GAP-43 Protein; Gene Expression; Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein; Glutamate Decarboxylase; Haloperidol; Membrane Glycoproteins; Mesencephalon; Nerve Tissue Proteins; Neurofilament Proteins; Neuronal Plasticity; Platelet-Derived Growth Factor; Pregnancy; Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; Prosencephalon; Protein Precursors; Proto-Oncogenes; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, Platelet-Derived Growth Factor; RNA, Messenger | 1994 |
Effects of the delta-opioid agonist, [D-Pen2,D-Pen5]-enkephalin, on fetal lamb EEG.
Topics: Analgesics; Animals; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Electroencephalography; Enkephalin, D-Penicillamine (2,5)-; Enkephalins; Female; Fetus; Injections, Intraventricular; Naltrexone; Narcotic Antagonists; Pregnancy; Receptors, Opioid, delta; Sheep | 1994 |
Adaptive changes in rat striatal preproenkephalin expression and dopamine-opioid interactions upon chronic haloperidol treatment during different developmental stages.
Topics: Aging; Animals; Corpus Striatum; Dopamine; Embryonic and Fetal Development; Enkephalin, Ala(2)-MePhe(4)-Gly(5)-; Enkephalin, D-Penicillamine (2,5)-; Enkephalins; Female; Fetus; Gene Expression; Guanylate Cyclase; Haloperidol; In Situ Hybridization; Maternal-Fetal Exchange; Pregnancy; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Receptors, Opioid, delta; Receptors, Opioid, mu; RNA, Messenger | 1994 |
Transient down-regulation of neonatal rat brain mu-opioid receptors upon in utero exposure to buprenorphine.
Topics: Analgesics; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Benzeneacetamides; Brain Chemistry; Buprenorphine; Down-Regulation; Enkephalin, Ala(2)-MePhe(4)-Gly(5)-; Enkephalins; Female; Membranes; Pregnancy; Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; Pyrrolidines; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, Opioid, kappa; Receptors, Opioid, mu | 1994 |
Induction of enkephalin in tuberoinfundibular dopaminergic neurons of pregnant, pseudopregnant, lactating and aged female rats.
Topics: Aging; Animals; Dopamine; Enkephalins; Estrus; Female; Fluorescent Dyes; Hypothalamus; Immunohistochemistry; In Situ Hybridization; Lactation; Neurons; Ovariectomy; Pregnancy; Pregnancy, Animal; Protein Precursors; Pseudopregnancy; Rats; RNA, Messenger; Stilbamidines; Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase | 1994 |
Differential regulation of glutamate decarboxylase and preproenkephalin mRNA levels in the rat striatum.
Topics: Aging; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Autoradiography; Dopamine; Enkephalins; Female; Glutamate Decarboxylase; Haloperidol; In Situ Hybridization; Neostriatum; Neurons; Oxidopamine; Pertussis Toxin; Pregnancy; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; RNA, Messenger; Sulpiride; Virulence Factors, Bordetella | 1994 |
Habenulo-interpeduncular descending pathways and their relationship to enkephalin- and somatostatin-immunoreactive neurons in the interpeduncular nucleus of human fetuses.
Topics: Enkephalins; Female; Fetus; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Mesencephalon; Neural Pathways; Pregnancy; Silver Staining; Somatostatin; Thalamic Nuclei | 1993 |
Endogenous opioid regulation of oxytocin secretion through pregnancy in the rat.
Topics: 3,4-Dichloro-N-methyl-N-(2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-cyclohexyl)-benzeneacetamide, (trans)-Isomer; Animals; Dynorphins; Electric Stimulation; Endorphins; Enkephalin, Methionine; Enkephalins; Female; Male; Naloxone; Oxytocin; Peptide Fragments; Pituitary Gland, Posterior; Pregnancy; Pregnancy, Animal; Protein Precursors; Pyrrolidines; Rats; Rats, Wistar; RNA, Messenger; Vasopressins | 1993 |
Opioids regulation of human chorionic gonadotropin release from trophoblast tissue is mediated by gonadotropin releasing hormone.
Topics: Chorionic Gonadotropin; Enkephalin, Ala(2)-MePhe(4)-Gly(5)-; Enkephalins; Female; Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone; Humans; In Vitro Techniques; Naltrexone; Narcotics; Pregnancy; Receptors, Opioid, kappa; Trophoblasts | 1994 |
Synenkephalin processing in embryonic rat brain.
Topics: Aging; Animals; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Brain; Brain Chemistry; Cell Division; Chromatography, Affinity; Chromatography, Gel; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Enkephalins; Female; Neostriatum; Pregnancy; Protein Precursors; Radioimmunoassay; Rats; Rats, Wistar | 1994 |
Ontogeny of prodynorphin gene expression in the rat hypothalamus.
Topics: Animals; Blotting, Northern; Embryonic and Fetal Development; Enkephalins; Female; Gene Expression; Gestational Age; Hypothalamus; In Situ Hybridization; Liver; Paraventricular Hypothalamic Nucleus; Pregnancy; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Wistar; RNA, Messenger; Supraoptic Nucleus; Ventromedial Hypothalamic Nucleus | 1993 |
Fetal adrenalectomy does not affect circulating enkephalins in the sheep fetus during late gestation.
Topics: Adrenal Glands; Adrenalectomy; Animals; Enkephalin, Methionine; Enkephalins; Female; Femoral Artery; Fetal Blood; Fetus; Gestational Age; Norepinephrine; Pregnancy; Sheep; Umbilical Veins | 1993 |
Excitatory amino acid regulation of the enkephalin phenotype in mouse embryonic spinal cord cultures.
Topics: Amino Acids; Animals; Blotting, Northern; Cells, Cultured; Down-Regulation; Electric Stimulation; Enkephalins; Female; Ganglia, Spinal; Ligands; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; N-Methylaspartate; Phenotype; Pregnancy; Protein Precursors; Receptors, Glutamate; RNA, Messenger; Spinal Cord; Tetrodotoxin | 1993 |
Fetal behavior and the endogenous opioid system: D1 dopamine receptor interactions with the kappa opioid system.
Topics: 2,3,4,5-Tetrahydro-7,8-dihydroxy-1-phenyl-1H-3-benzazepine; Analgesics; Animals; Arousal; Benzazepines; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Endorphins; Enkephalin, Ala(2)-MePhe(4)-Gly(5)-; Enkephalins; Female; Fetal Movement; Morphine; Narcotic Antagonists; Pregnancy; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, Dopamine D1; Receptors, Opioid, kappa; Receptors, Opioid, mu; Spinal Cord | 1993 |
Oxytocin nerve terminal desensitization to kappa-opioids at the end of pregnancy.
Topics: Animals; Benzomorphans; Drug Resistance; Endorphins; Enkephalin, Methionine; Enkephalins; Female; Nerve Endings; Oxytocin; Pituitary Gland, Posterior; Pregnancy; Pregnancy, Animal; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Receptors, Opioid, kappa; Reference Values; RNA, Messenger; Supraoptic Nucleus | 1993 |
Dopamine decreases striatal enkephalin turnover and proenkephalin messenger RNA abundance via D2 receptor activation in primary striatal cell cultures.
Topics: 2,3,4,5-Tetrahydro-7,8-dihydroxy-1-phenyl-1H-3-benzazepine; Animals; Blotting, Northern; Bromocriptine; Cells, Cultured; Corpus Striatum; Dopamine; Dopamine Antagonists; Enkephalin, Methionine; Enkephalins; Female; Potassium Chloride; Pregnancy; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, Dopamine D2; RNA, Messenger; Sulpiride | 1993 |
Prenatal exposure to morphine alters brain mu opioid receptor characteristics in rats.
Topics: Animals; Brain; Enkephalin, Ala(2)-MePhe(4)-Gly(5)-; Enkephalins; Female; Gestational Age; Male; Morphine; Ovary; Pregnancy; Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, Opioid, mu; Sex Characteristics | 1995 |
Corticotrophin-releasing hormone, proenkephalin A and oxytocin mRNA's in the paraventricular nucleus during pregnancy and parturition in the rat.
Topics: Animals; Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone; Enkephalins; Female; Labor, Obstetric; Oxytocin; Paraventricular Hypothalamic Nucleus; Pregnancy; Protein Precursors; Rats; RNA, Messenger | 1994 |
Expression and function of proenkephalin A messenger ribonucleic acid in murine fetal thymocytes.
Topics: Animals; Enkephalins; Female; Fetus; In Situ Hybridization; Mice; Mice, Inbred ICR; Pregnancy; Protein Precursors; RNA, Messenger; T-Lymphocytes | 1996 |
Dopamine receptor agonists regulate levels of the serotonin 5-HT2A receptor and its mRNA in a subpopulation of rat striatal neurons.
Topics: 2,3,4,5-Tetrahydro-7,8-dihydroxy-1-phenyl-1H-3-benzazepine; Adrenergic Agents; Amphetamines; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Apomorphine; Autoradiography; Binding, Competitive; Dopamine Agonists; Enkephalins; Female; In Situ Hybridization; Iodine Radioisotopes; Microinjections; Motor Activity; Neostriatum; Neurons; Oxidopamine; Pregnancy; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, Dopamine D1; Receptors, Serotonin; RNA, Messenger; Serotonin Receptor Agonists | 1996 |
Changes in pro-opiomelanocortin and pre-proenkephalin mRNA levels in the ovine brain during pregnancy, parturition and lactation and in response to oestrogen and progesterone.
Topics: Animals; Autoradiography; Blotting, Northern; Brain Chemistry; Enkephalins; Estrogens; Female; Hypothalamus; In Situ Hybridization; Labor, Obstetric; Lactation; Pregnancy; Pregnancy, Animal; Pro-Opiomelanocortin; Progesterone; Protein Precursors; RNA Probes; RNA, Messenger; Sheep | 1993 |
Prenatal morphine exposure differentially alters expression of opioid peptides in striatum of newborns.
Topics: Aging; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Blotting, Northern; Brain; Corpus Striatum; Dynorphins; Enkephalin, Methionine; Enkephalins; Female; Frontal Lobe; Gene Expression; Hippocampus; Hypothalamus; Morphine; Multivariate Analysis; Organ Specificity; Pregnancy; Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; Protein Biosynthesis; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; RNA, Messenger | 1995 |
Autoradiographic evidence of mu-opioid receptors down-regulation after prenatal stress in offspring rat brain.
Topics: Analgesics; Animals; Autoradiography; beta-Endorphin; Brain Chemistry; Down-Regulation; Enkephalin, Ala(2)-MePhe(4)-Gly(5)-; Enkephalins; Female; Male; Pregnancy; Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, Opioid, mu; Stress, Physiological; Tritium | 1996 |
The role of the pituitary-thyroid axis in the developmental regulation of enkephalin-containing peptides in the superior cervical ganglia and adrenal of the fetal sheep.
Topics: Adrenal Glands; Animals; Enkephalin, Methionine; Enkephalins; Female; Gestational Age; Hydrolysis; Hypophysectomy; Pituitary Gland; Pregnancy; Sheep; Superior Cervical Ganglion; Thyroid Gland | 1996 |
Enkephalin positive sites in the developing human cerebellum.
Topics: Cerebellar Cortex; Cerebellum; Enkephalins; Female; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Nerve Fibers; Pregnancy | 1996 |
Effects of prenatal morphine and adult estrogen administration on mu-opioid inhibition of norepinephrine release from hypothalamic slices.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Enkephalin, Ala(2)-MePhe(4)-Gly(5)-; Enkephalins; Estradiol; Female; Hypothalamus; Male; Molecular Sequence Data; Morphine; Naloxone; Norepinephrine; Ovariectomy; Potassium Chloride; Pregnancy; Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, Opioid, mu | 1996 |
Neurotransmitters and peptides in the developing human facial nucleus.
Topics: Choline O-Acetyltransferase; Dopamine beta-Hydroxylase; Enkephalins; Facial Nerve; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Gestational Age; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Infant, Newborn; Neuropeptides; Neurotransmitter Agents; Pregnancy; Substance P | 1996 |
Exposure to perinatal morphine promotes developmental changes in rat striatum.
Topics: 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid; Animals; Dopamine; Enkephalin, Methionine; Enkephalins; Female; In Situ Hybridization; Lactation; Male; Morphine; Narcotics; Neostriatum; Neurons; Pregnancy; Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, Opioid; RNA, Messenger; Serotonin; Substance P; Synapses; Synapsins; Time Factors; Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase | 1996 |
Maternal cocaine treatment alters dynorphin and enkephalin mRNA expression in brains of fetal rhesus macaques.
Topics: Animals; Brain; Cocaine; Dynorphins; Enkephalins; Female; Gene Expression Regulation; Macaca mulatta; Narcotics; Pregnancy; Protein Precursors; RNA, Messenger | 1997 |
RB 101, a purported pro drug inhibitor of enkephalin metabolism, is antinociceptive in pregnant mice.
Topics: Analgesics; Analgesics, Opioid; Animals; Depression, Chemical; Disulfides; Enkephalins; Female; Mice; Morphine; Naloxone; Narcotic Antagonists; Pain Threshold; Phenylalanine; Pregnancy; Pregnancy, Animal; Prodrugs; Respiration | 1997 |
Expression and localization of enkephalin, substance P, and substance P receptor genes in the rat carotid body.
Topics: Animals; Animals, Newborn; Animals, Suckling; Carotid Body; Enkephalins; Female; Gene Expression; Glossopharyngeal Nerve; In Situ Hybridization; Nerve Tissue Proteins; Nodose Ganglion; Pregnancy; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, Neurokinin-1; RNA, Messenger; Substance P; Tachykinins | 1996 |
Developmental changes of Tyr-aminopeptidase activity in different subcellular fractions of the subcortical region of the rat brain.
Topics: Age Factors; Aminopeptidases; Animals; Brain; Enkephalins; Female; Male; Pregnancy; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Subcellular Fractions | 1996 |
Intermittent morphine administration induces a long-lasting synergistic effect of corticosterone on dopamine D1 receptor functioning in rat striatal GABA neurons.
Topics: 2,3,4,5-Tetrahydro-7,8-dihydroxy-1-phenyl-1H-3-benzazepine; Adenosine Triphosphate; Adenylyl Cyclases; Animals; Cells, Cultured; Corpus Striatum; Corticosterone; Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone; Cyclic AMP; Dexamethasone; Drug Synergism; Embryo, Mammalian; Enkephalin, Ala(2)-MePhe(4)-Gly(5)-; Enkephalins; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Kinetics; Morphine; Neurons; Oxotremorine; Pregnancy; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Receptors, Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone; Receptors, Dopamine D1; Receptors, Glucocorticoid; Receptors, Mineralocorticoid | 1997 |
Opioid modulation of the fetal hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis: the role of receptor subtypes and route of administration.
Topics: 3,4-Dichloro-N-methyl-N-(2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-cyclohexyl)-benzeneacetamide, (trans)-Isomer; Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Animals; Enkephalin, Ala(2)-MePhe(4)-Gly(5)-; Enkephalin, D-Penicillamine (2,5)-; Enkephalins; Female; Hydrocortisone; Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System; Injections, Intravenous; Injections, Intraventricular; Pituitary-Adrenal System; Pregnancy; Pyrrolidines; Receptors, Opioid, delta; Receptors, Opioid, kappa; Receptors, Opioid, mu; Sheep | 1997 |
Regulation of opioid receptors in rat sensory neurons in culture.
Topics: Analgesics; Animals; Cells, Cultured; Diprenorphine; Down-Regulation; Enkephalin, Ala(2)-MePhe(4)-Gly(5)-; Enkephalins; Female; Kinetics; Naloxone; Narcotic Antagonists; Neurons, Afferent; Pregnancy; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, Opioid; Receptors, Opioid, delta; Receptors, Opioid, kappa; Receptors, Opioid, mu; Tritium; Up-Regulation | 1997 |
Changes in proenkephalin gene expression in the developing hamster.
Topics: Adrenal Glands; Animals; Cricetinae; Enkephalins; Female; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; In Situ Hybridization; Mesocricetus; Neostriatum; Nerve Tissue Proteins; Pregnancy; Protein Precursors; Radioimmunoassay; RNA; RNA Probes; Splanchnic Nerves | 1997 |
Developmental regulation of preproenkephalin (PENK) gene expression in the adrenal gland of the ovine fetus and newborn lamb: effects of hypoxemia and exogenous cortisol infusion.
Topics: Adrenal Glands; Analysis of Variance; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Blotting, Northern; Enkephalins; Female; Fetal Hypoxia; Gene Expression Regulation; Gestational Age; Hydrocortisone; Pregnancy; Protein Precursors; Radioimmunoassay; RNA, Messenger; Sheep | 1997 |
Opioid gene expression in the developing and adult rat heart.
Topics: Animals; Animals, Newborn; Dynorphins; Enkephalins; Female; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; Heart; In Situ Hybridization; Male; Myocardium; Opioid Peptides; Pericardium; Pregnancy; Pro-Opiomelanocortin; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; RNA, Messenger | 1998 |
Cardiovascular and metabolic responses to two receptor-selective opioid agonists in pregnant sheep.
Topics: Animals; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Cardiovascular System; Enkephalin, D-Penicillamine (2,5)-; Enkephalins; Female; Fetus; Heart Rate; Oligopeptides; Oxygen Consumption; Pregnancy; Receptors, Opioid, delta; Receptors, Opioid, mu; Respiration; Sheep; Uterus | 1998 |
Differential effects of increasing gestational age and placental restriction on tyrosine hydroxylase, phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase, and proenkephalin A mRNA levels in the fetal sheep adrenal.
Topics: Adrenal Medulla; Animals; Enkephalins; Epinephrine; Female; Fetus; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic; Gestational Age; Norepinephrine; Phenylethanolamine N-Methyltransferase; Placenta; Pregnancy; Protein Precursors; RNA, Messenger; Sheep; Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase | 1998 |
Changes in the midbrain-rostral forebrain dopamine circuitry in the cocaine-exposed primate fetal brain.
Topics: Amniotic Fluid; Animals; Body Weight; Brain; Cocaine; Dopamine; Dynorphins; Embryonic and Fetal Development; Enkephalins; Female; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; Macaca mulatta; Mesencephalon; Metabolic Clearance Rate; Neurons; Pregnancy; Prosencephalon; Receptors, Dopamine D1; Receptors, Dopamine D2; RNA, Messenger; Transcription, Genetic | 1998 |
Opioid receptor and peptide mRNA expression in proliferative zones of fetal rat central nervous system.
Topics: Animals; Cell Division; Central Nervous System; Enkephalins; Female; Gene Expression; In Situ Hybridization; Opioid Peptides; Pregnancy; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, Opioid; RNA, Messenger | 1998 |
Expression of opioid receptors and ligands in pregnant mouse uterus and placenta.
Topics: Animals; Decidua; Enkephalins; Female; In Situ Hybridization; Ligands; Mice; Placenta; Pregnancy; Pregnancy, Animal; Pro-Opiomelanocortin; Protein Precursors; Receptors, Opioid; Receptors, Opioid, delta; Receptors, Opioid, kappa; Receptors, Opioid, mu; RNA Probes; Trophoblasts; Uterus | 1998 |
Regulation of cannabinoid and mu opioid receptors in rat lumbar spinal cord following neonatal capsaicin treatment.
Topics: Analgesics, Opioid; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Autoradiography; Capsaicin; Cyclohexanols; Down-Regulation; Enkephalin, Ala(2)-MePhe(4)-Gly(5)-; Enkephalins; Female; Immunosuppressive Agents; Nerve Fibers; Nociceptors; Pregnancy; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, Cannabinoid; Receptors, Drug; Receptors, Opioid, mu; Spinal Cord; Tritium | 1998 |
Placental restriction alters adrenal medullary development in the midgestation sheep fetus.
Topics: Adrenal Medulla; Animals; Constriction; Dopamine beta-Hydroxylase; Enkephalins; Female; Immunohistochemistry; Organ Size; Phenylethanolamine N-Methyltransferase; Placenta; Pregnancy; Sheep | 1998 |
Brain opioid receptor adaptation and expression after prenatal exposure to buprenorphine.
Topics: Adaptation, Physiological; Animals; Animals, Newborn; beta-Endorphin; Brain; Buprenorphine; Cross-Linking Reagents; Down-Regulation; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; Enkephalin, Ala(2)-MePhe(4)-Gly(5)-; Enkephalins; Female; Narcotic Antagonists; Pregnancy; Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; Rats; Receptors, Opioid; Receptors, Opioid, mu; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction | 1998 |
Respiratory depression after intravenous administration of delta-selective opioid peptide analogs.
Topics: Analgesics; Animals; Benzamides; Enkephalin, D-Penicillamine (2,5)-; Enkephalins; Female; Injections, Intravenous; Piperazines; Pregnancy; Receptors, Opioid, delta; Receptors, Opioid, mu; Respiratory Physiological Phenomena; Sheep | 1999 |
Opioids modulate cell division in the germinal zone of the late embryonic neocortex.
Topics: Animals; Benzomorphans; Cell Division; Cerebral Ventricles; Embryo, Mammalian; Enkephalin, Ala(2)-MePhe(4)-Gly(5)-; Enkephalin, Leucine; Enkephalins; Female; Mice; Mice, Inbred CBA; Mitotic Index; Naloxone; Narcotic Antagonists; Narcotics; Neocortex; Pregnancy; Receptors, Opioid, delta; Receptors, Opioid, kappa; Receptors, Opioid, mu | 1999 |
In utero ethanol exposure increases proenkephalin, a precursor of a neuropeptide that is inhibitory to neuronal growth.
Topics: Animals; Central Nervous System Depressants; Corpus Striatum; Enkephalins; Ethanol; Female; Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders; Male; Nucleus Accumbens; Pregnancy; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; RNA, Messenger | 1999 |
Opioid growth factor and organ development in rat and human embryos.
Topics: Animals; Brain; Brain Chemistry; DNA; Ectoderm; Embryonic and Fetal Development; Endoderm; Enkephalin, Methionine; Enkephalins; Female; Fetus; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; Heart; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; In Situ Hybridization; Intestines; Male; Mesoderm; Muscles; Myocardium; Naltrexone; Narcotic Antagonists; Pregnancy; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, Opioid; Ribs; RNA, Messenger; Skin; Tongue | 1999 |
Prenatal Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol exposure modifies proenkephalin gene expression in the fetal rat brain: sex-dependent differences.
Topics: Animals; Brain; Brain Chemistry; Dronabinol; Enkephalins; Female; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; Hallucinogens; Male; Pregnancy; Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Wistar; RNA, Messenger; Sex Characteristics; Transcription, Genetic | 2000 |
Dopamine control of striatal gene expression during development: relevance to knockout mice for the dopamine transporter.
Topics: Animals; Carrier Proteins; Corpus Striatum; Dopamine; Dopamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins; Dynorphins; Enkephalins; Female; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; Gestational Age; In Situ Hybridization; Male; Membrane Glycoproteins; Membrane Transport Proteins; Mesencephalon; Mice; Mice, Knockout; Nerve Tissue Proteins; Neurons; Pregnancy; Protein Precursors; Receptors, Dopamine D1; Receptors, Dopamine D2; Receptors, Dopamine D3; RNA, Messenger; Substance P; Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase | 2000 |
Neurotransmitter distribution in the second trimester fetal human corpus striatum.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Age Factors; Brain Tissue Transplantation; Corpus Striatum; Enkephalins; Female; Fetal Tissue Transplantation; Fetus; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Humans; Huntington Disease; Neurons; Neuropeptide Y; Neurotransmitter Agents; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Trimester, Second; Substance P | 2001 |
Prenatal nicotine affects catecholamine gene expression in newborn rat carotid body and petrosal ganglion.
Topics: Animals; Animals, Newborn; Body Weight; Carotid Body; Catecholamines; Enkephalins; Female; Ganglia, Parasympathetic; Ganglionic Stimulants; Hemodynamics; In Situ Hybridization; Nicotine; Pregnancy; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, Dopamine D2; Respiratory Mechanics; RNA, Messenger; Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase; Up-Regulation | 2001 |
Maternal undernutrition in early gestation alters molecular regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in the ovine fetus.
Topics: Animals; Arginine Vasopressin; Autoradiography; Blotting, Northern; Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone; Densitometry; Diet; Enkephalins; Female; Fetus; Growth Hormone; Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System; In Situ Hybridization; Neuropeptides; Nutrition Disorders; Pituitary-Adrenal System; Pregnancy; Pro-Opiomelanocortin; Protein Precursors; Receptors, Glucocorticoid; RNA, Messenger; Sheep | 2001 |
Perinatal development of the endorphin- and enkephalin-containing systems in the rat brain.
Topics: Age Factors; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Brain; Brain Mapping; Endorphins; Enkephalins; Female; Male; Pregnancy; Radioimmunoassay; Rats | 1979 |
Changes in the pituitary and hypothalamic content of methionine-enkephalin during the estrous cycle of rats.
Topics: Animals; Binding, Competitive; Biological Assay; Endorphins; Enkephalins; Estrus; Female; Hypothalamus; Peptides; Pituitary Gland; Pregnancy; Radioimmunoassay; Rats | 1979 |
Immunohistochemical study on development of serotonin-, substance P-, and enkephalin-positive fibers in the rat spinal motor nucleus.
Topics: Aging; Animals; Enkephalins; Female; Immunohistochemistry; Medulla Oblongata; Nerve Fibers; Neural Pathways; Pregnancy; Raphe Nuclei; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Serotonin; Spinal Cord; Substance P | 1992 |
Immunohistochemical localization of enkephalin and substance P in the nucleus caudalis of the spinal trigeminal V in the medulla oblongata of the human fetus.
Topics: Abortion, Spontaneous; Embryonic and Fetal Development; Enkephalins; Female; Fetus; Gestational Age; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Medulla Oblongata; Neurons; Pregnancy; Substance P; Trigeminal Nucleus, Spinal | 1992 |
Hormonal regulation of medial preoptic mu-opiate receptor density before and after parturition.
Topics: Animals; Enkephalin, Ala(2)-MePhe(4)-Gly(5)-; Enkephalins; Estradiol; Female; Hormones; Labor, Obstetric; Lactation; Ovariectomy; Pregnancy; Preoptic Area; Progesterone; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Receptors, Opioid; Receptors, Opioid, mu | 1992 |
Guanine nucleotide-binding protein-coupled and -uncoupled states of opioid receptors and their relevance to the determination of subtypes.
Topics: Analgesics; Animals; Benzeneacetamides; Benzomorphans; Binding, Competitive; Cell Membrane; Cerebellum; Enkephalin, Ala(2)-MePhe(4)-Gly(5)-; Enkephalin, Leucine; Enkephalins; Etorphine; Female; GTP-Binding Proteins; Guinea Pigs; Humans; Kinetics; Ligands; Placenta; Pregnancy; Prosencephalon; Protein Binding; Pyrrolidines; Rats; Receptors, Opioid | 1992 |
Morphine-induced downregulation of mu-opioid receptors and peptide synthesis in neonatal rat brain.
Topics: Aging; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Blotting, Northern; Brain; Down-Regulation; Enkephalins; Female; Maternal-Fetal Exchange; Morphine; Pregnancy; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Receptors, Opioid; Receptors, Opioid, mu; RNA; RNA, Messenger | 1992 |
Expression and regulation of a proenkephalin beta-galactosidase fusion gene in the reproductive system of transgenic mice.
Topics: Animals; beta-Galactosidase; Enkephalins; Female; Gene Expression Regulation; Genes, Synthetic; Genitalia, Female; Genitalia, Male; In Situ Hybridization; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Transgenic; Organ Specificity; Pregnancy; Protein Precursors; Recombinant Fusion Proteins | 1992 |
Prenatal stress selectively alters the reactivity of the hypothalamic-pituitary adrenal system in the female rat.
Topics: Animals; Behavior, Animal; Blotting, Northern; Corticosterone; Dexamethasone; Enkephalins; Female; Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System; Hypothalamus; Male; Pituitary-Adrenal System; Pregnancy; Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; Pro-Opiomelanocortin; Protein Precursors; Rats; Receptors, Glucocorticoid; RNA, Messenger; Stress, Psychological | 1992 |
Enkephalin peptides in fetal sheep, changes with gestation, origin and production by the placenta.
Topics: Adrenal Glands; Animals; Enkephalin, Methionine; Enkephalins; Female; Fetal Blood; Fetus; Gestational Age; Hypoxia; Placenta; Pregnancy; Protein Precursors; Sheep; Sympathectomy | 1992 |
Striatal proenkephalin turnover and gene transcription are regulated by cyclic AMP and protein kinase C-related pathways.
Topics: Animals; Cells, Cultured; Colforsin; Corpus Striatum; Cyclic AMP; Enkephalin, Methionine; Enkephalins; Female; Immunohistochemistry; Neural Pathways; Neurons; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Pregnancy; Protein Kinase C; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Receptors, Neurotransmitter; RNA, Messenger; Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate; Transcription, Genetic; Transfection | 1991 |
Regional dependence of morphine-induced mu-opiate receptor down-regulation in perinatal rat brain.
Topics: Animals; Autoradiography; Brain; Brain Chemistry; Down-Regulation; Enkephalin, Ala(2)-MePhe(4)-Gly(5)-; Enkephalins; Female; Hypothalamus; Male; Morphine; Pregnancy; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Receptors, Opioid; Receptors, Opioid, mu; Somatosensory Cortex | 1991 |
Opiate receptors in neuronal primary cultures.
Topics: Animals; Cells, Cultured; Cerebral Cortex; Colforsin; Cyclic AMP; Enkephalin, Ala(2)-MePhe(4)-Gly(5)-; Enkephalin, D-Penicillamine (2,5)-; Enkephalin, Leucine-2-Alanine; Enkephalins; Female; Fetus; Morphine; Neurons; Pregnancy; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Receptors, Opioid; Receptors, Opioid, delta; Receptors, Opioid, kappa; Receptors, Opioid, mu | 1990 |
Effect of pregnancy and pain on cerebrospinal fluid immunoreactive enkephalins and norepinephrine in healthy humans.
Topics: Enkephalins; Female; Humans; Norepinephrine; Pain Measurement; Pain, Postoperative; Pregnancy; Self Administration | 1990 |
Prenatal stress has long-term effects on brain opiate receptors.
Topics: Animals; Brain; Enkephalin, Ala(2)-MePhe(4)-Gly(5)-; Enkephalins; Female; Hot Temperature; Pregnancy; Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Receptors, Opioid; Receptors, Opioid, mu; Restraint, Physical; Stress, Psychological | 1990 |
Regulated expression of proenkephalin A during ontogenic development of mesenchymal derivative tissues.
Topics: Aging; Animals; Embryonic and Fetal Development; Enkephalins; Female; Gene Expression Regulation; Genes; Kidney; Muscle Development; Muscles; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Organ Specificity; Pregnancy; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; RNA, Messenger; Skin; Transcription, Genetic | 1990 |
Local regulation within the female reproductive system and upon embryonic implantation: identification of cells expressing proenkephalin A.
Topics: Animals; Base Sequence; Embryo Implantation; Enkephalins; Female; Gene Expression Regulation; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Ovary; Oviducts; Pregnancy; Protein Precursors; RNA, Messenger; Urogenital System; Uterus | 1990 |
Ontogeny of enkephalin and catecholamine-synthesizing enzymes in the primate fetal adrenal medulla.
Topics: Adrenal Medulla; Animals; Catecholamines; Dopamine beta-Hydroxylase; Enkephalin, Leucine; Enkephalins; Female; Fetus; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Immunoenzyme Techniques; Macaca mulatta; Phenylethanolamine N-Methyltransferase; Pregnancy; Staining and Labeling | 1986 |
Adrenal growth and ontogeny of adrenal substance P, enkephalins and catecholamines in the ovine fetus.
Topics: Adrenal Glands; Animals; Catecholamines; Enkephalins; Female; Fetus; Gestational Age; Organ Size; Pregnancy; Sheep; Substance P | 1989 |
Developmental patterns for pancreatic opioids in the rat.
Topics: Animals; beta-Endorphin; Enkephalins; Female; Fetus; Glucagon; Insulin; Islets of Langerhans; Male; Pancreas; Pregnancy; Radioimmunoassay; Rats; Rats, Inbred WF; Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone | 1989 |
Rapid RFLP screening using DNA from complete hydatidiform moles.
Topics: Cell Line; Chromosome Mapping; Enkephalins; Female; Genes; Humans; Hydatidiform Mole; Polymorphism, Genetic; Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length; Pregnancy; Protein Precursors; Uterine Neoplasms | 1989 |
[Effects of opioids on the development of preimplantation mouse embryos].
Topics: Animals; Drug Combinations; Embryonic and Fetal Development; Embryonic Development; Enkephalin, Ala(2)-MePhe(4)-Gly(5)-; Enkephalins; Female; Mice; Mice, Inbred CBA; Naloxone; Pregnancy; Zygote | 1989 |
Lactation inhibits stress-mediated secretion of corticosterone and oxytocin and hypothalamic accumulation of corticotropin-releasing factor and enkephalin messenger ribonucleic acids.
Topics: Animals; Corticosterone; Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone; Enkephalins; Female; Hormones; Hypothalamus; Injections, Intraperitoneal; Lactation; Oxytocin; Pregnancy; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; RNA, Messenger; Saline Solution, Hypertonic; Stress, Physiological | 1989 |
The kappa-opioid receptor from human placenta: hydrodynamic characteristics and evidence for its association with a G protein.
Topics: 3,4-Dichloro-N-methyl-N-(2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-cyclohexyl)-benzeneacetamide, (trans)-Isomer; Adenylyl Cyclases; Binding, Competitive; Centrifugation, Density Gradient; Chromatography, Gel; Diprenorphine; Enkephalin, Ala(2)-MePhe(4)-Gly(5)-; Enkephalins; Etorphine; Female; GTP-Binding Proteins; Guanylyl Imidodiphosphate; Humans; Microvilli; Oligopeptides; Placenta; Pregnancy; Pyrrolidines; Receptors, Opioid; Receptors, Opioid, kappa; Sodium Chloride | 1988 |
Cerebrospinal fluid activity of dynorphin-converting enzyme at term pregnancy.
Topics: Cesarean Section; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Dynorphins; Enkephalin, Leucine; Enkephalins; Female; Humans; Luteal Phase; Pregnancy; Protein Precursors; Radioimmunoassay; Serine Endopeptidases | 1988 |
Morphine analgesia is potentiated in adult rats prenatally exposed to ethanol.
Topics: Animals; Brain; Drug Synergism; Endorphins; Enkephalin, Ala(2)-MePhe(4)-Gly(5)-; Enkephalin, Leucine; Enkephalin, Leucine-2-Alanine; Enkephalins; Ethanol; Female; Morphine; Pregnancy; Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Receptors, Opioid; Receptors, Opioid, kappa; Receptors, Opioid, mu | 1986 |
[Production of enkephalins by the human and bovine corpus luteum].
Topics: Animals; Cattle; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Corpus Luteum; Enkephalins; Female; Humans; Pregnancy; Radioimmunoassay | 1987 |
Ontogeny of catecholamine-synthesizing enzymes and enkephalins in the sheep adrenal medulla: an immunocytochemical study.
Topics: Adrenal Medulla; Animals; Dopamine beta-Hydroxylase; Enkephalins; Female; Immunohistochemistry; Phenylethanolamine N-Methyltransferase; Pregnancy; Sheep | 1988 |
Effects of exposure in utero to methadone and buprenorphine on enkephalin levels in the developing rat brain.
Topics: Animals; Brain; Buprenorphine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Enkephalins; Female; Methadone; Pregnancy; Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; Rats | 1988 |
Human placental dipeptidyl aminopeptidase III: hydrolysis of enkephalins and its stimulation by cobaltous ion.
Topics: Cations, Divalent; Cobalt; Cytosol; Dipeptidyl-Peptidases and Tripeptidyl-Peptidases; Enkephalins; Female; Humans; Hydrolysis; Kinetics; Oligopeptides; Placenta; Pregnancy; Substrate Specificity | 1988 |
[Influence of the polypeptide preparations cortexin and encephalin on the transplacental carcinogenic effect of N-nitroso-N-ethylurea in rats].
Topics: Animals; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; Drug Interactions; Enkephalins; Ethylnitrosourea; Female; Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; Male; Neoplasms, Experimental; Peptides; Placenta; Pregnancy; Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; Rats | 1988 |
[Enkephalin content in sections of the brain of rats undergoing intrauterine exposures to ethanol].
Topics: Animals; Brain; Brain Chemistry; Enkephalins; Ethanol; Female; Male; Pregnancy; Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; Radioimmunoassay; Rats | 1986 |
Ontogenesis of proenkephalin products in rat striatum and the inhibitory effects of low-level lead exposure.
Topics: Animals; Corpus Striatum; Enkephalin, Leucine; Enkephalin, Methionine; Enkephalins; Female; Lead Poisoning; Pregnancy; Rats | 1985 |
Hepatoprotective Effect of Neonatal Administration of Non-Opioid Leu-Enkephalin Analogue in Adult Albino Rats Subjected to Antenatal Hypoxia.
Topics: Animals; Body Weight; Enkephalin, Leucine; Female; Hepatocytes; Hypoxia; Liver; Male; Oxidation-Reduction; Pregnancy; Random Allocation; Rats; Rats, Wistar | 2019 |
Delayed Effects of Neonatal Administration of Non-Opioid Analog of Leu-Enkephalin on Cerebral Consequences of Antenal Hypoxia.
Topics: Animals; Animals, Newborn; Behavior, Animal; Brain; Enkephalin, Leucine; Female; Fetal Hypoxia; Hippocampus; Male; Motor Activity; Neocortex; Oxidative Stress; Pregnancy; Rats; Rats, Wistar | 2017 |
[Study on the relationship between endogenous opioid peptides and fetal distress].
Topics: Adult; beta-Endorphin; Dynorphins; Enkephalin, Leucine; Female; Fetal Blood; Fetal Distress; Humans; Opioid Peptides; Pregnancy | 2002 |
Microglial NADPH oxidase mediates leucine enkephalin dopaminergic neuroprotection.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Cells, Cultured; Dopamine; Enkephalin, Leucine; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Female; Immunohistochemistry; Indicators and Reagents; Lipopolysaccharides; Mice; Microglia; NADPH Oxidases; Neurons; Neuroprotective Agents; Oligopeptides; Pregnancy; Rats; Rats, Inbred F344; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; Superoxides; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha | 2005 |
Effect of prenatal alcohol exposure on amine and peptide neurotransmitter systems.
Topics: Animals; beta-Endorphin; Brain Chemistry; Disease Models, Animal; Dopamine; Endorphins; Enkephalin, Leucine; Female; Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders; Neurotransmitter Agents; Norepinephrine; Pregnancy; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Serotonin | 1983 |
Ontogeny of opioid and related peptides in the rat cns and pituitary: an immunocytochemical study.
Topics: Aging; Animals; Brain; Dynorphins; Embryo, Mammalian; Endorphins; Enkephalin, Leucine; Female; Peptide Fragments; Pituitary Gland; Pituitary Hormones, Anterior; Pregnancy; Pro-Opiomelanocortin; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains | 1983 |
Benzomorphan sites are ligand recognition sites of putative epsilon-receptors.
Topics: Animals; Benzomorphans; beta-Endorphin; Binding, Competitive; Brain; Cell Membrane; Diprenorphine; Dynorphins; Endorphins; Enkephalin, Leucine; Enkephalin, Leucine-2-Alanine; Female; Guinea Pigs; Humans; Kinetics; Morphinans; Peptide Fragments; Placenta; Pregnancy; Rats; Receptors, Opioid; Receptors, Opioid, kappa | 1984 |
Ontogeny of the peptidergic system in the rat spinal cord: immunohistochemical analysis.
Topics: Aging; Animals; Enkephalin, Leucine; Female; Fluorescent Antibody Technique; Ganglia, Spinal; Gestational Age; Male; Neural Pathways; Neurons; Neurotensin; Pregnancy; Rats; Somatostatin; Spinal Cord; Substance P; Synaptic Transmission | 1982 |
Comparison of leucine enkephalin and adrenocorticotrophin effects on adrenal function in fetal and adult sheep.
Topics: Adrenal Glands; Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Animals; Dehydroepiandrosterone; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Enkephalin, Leucine; Female; Fetal Blood; Fetus; Hydrocortisone; Pregnancy; Sheep; Stimulation, Chemical | 1984 |
Enkephalin inhibition of angiotensin-stimulated release of oxytocin and vasopressin.
Topics: Angiotensin II; Animals; Arginine Vasopressin; Brain; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Enkephalin, Leucine; Female; Injections, Intraventricular; Lactation; Male; Oxytocin; Pregnancy; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Water-Electrolyte Balance | 1984 |
Immunohistochemical localization of tyrosine hydroxylase, substance P, neuropeptide-Y and leucine-enkephalin in developing human retinal amacrine cells.
Topics: Enkephalin, Leucine; Female; Gestational Age; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Neuropeptide Y; Pregnancy; Retina; Substance P; Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase | 1994 |
Development of peptide-containing nerves in the human fetal prostate gland.
Topics: Bombesin; Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide; Dopamine beta-Hydroxylase; Embryonic and Fetal Development; Enkephalin, Leucine; Enkephalin, Methionine; Epithelium; Female; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Male; Neuropeptide Y; Neuropeptides; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Trimester, Second; Prostate; Somatostatin; Substance P; Thiolester Hydrolases; Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase; Ubiquitin Thiolesterase; Urethra; Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide | 1995 |
Spinal cord dynorphin precursor intermediates decline during late gestation.
Topics: Analgesia; Animals; Dynorphins; Enkephalin, Leucine; Female; Molecular Weight; Pregnancy; Pregnancy, Animal; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Spinal Cord; Time Factors; Trypsin | 1995 |
Endogenous opioid-like substances in perinatal asphyxia and cerebral injury due to anoxia.
Topics: Asphyxia Neonatorum; beta-Endorphin; Cerebral Hemorrhage; Dynorphins; Enkephalin, Leucine; Female; Fetal Hypoxia; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Male; Peptide Fragments; Pregnancy | 1993 |
Ontogeny of Leu-enkephalin and beta-endorphin innervation of the preoptic area in male and female rats.
Topics: Animals; beta-Endorphin; Cell Differentiation; Cross Reactions; Enkephalin, Leucine; Female; Immunohistochemistry; Male; Pregnancy; Preoptic Area; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Sex Characteristics | 1993 |
[The use of nonopiate analogs of leu-enkephalin and hydra peptide morphogen for correction of cell proliferation disorder in tracheal epithelium and lipid peroxidation in the lungs of newborn rats subjected to prenatal hypoxia].
Topics: Animals; Animals, Newborn; Cell Division; Enkephalin, Leucine; Epithelium; Female; Fetal Hypoxia; Lipid Peroxidation; Lung; Neuropeptides; Pregnancy; Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid; Rats; Trachea | 1994 |
Antinociceptive effect and enzymatic degradation of endomorphin-1 in newborn rat spinal cord.
Topics: Animals; Animals, Newborn; Binding, Competitive; Enkephalin, Ala(2)-MePhe(4)-Gly(5)-; Enkephalin, Leucine; Female; Hydrolysis; Membrane Potentials; Oligopeptides; Pregnancy; Protease Inhibitors; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Spinal Cord | 1999 |
Dynorphin prolongs the action potential of mouse sensory ganglion neurons by decreasing a potassium conductance whereas another specific kappa opioid does so by increasing a calcium conductance.
Topics: 3,4-Dichloro-N-methyl-N-(2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-cyclohexyl)-benzeneacetamide, (trans)-Isomer; Action Potentials; Animals; Calcium; Dynorphins; Enkephalin, Leucine; Enkephalin, Leucine-2-Alanine; Female; Ganglia, Spinal; In Vitro Techniques; Mice; Narcotics; Neural Conduction; Neurons; Potassium; Pregnancy; Pyrrolidines; Receptors, Opioid; Receptors, Opioid, kappa | 1990 |
Responses of morphine dependent opioid neurones to stressors.
Topics: Animals; beta-Endorphin; Brain; Endorphins; Enkephalin, Leucine; Enkephalin, Methionine; Female; Morphine Dependence; Naloxone; Neurons; Pregnancy; Rats; Stress, Physiological; Tissue Distribution | 1990 |
Effect of beta-endorphin on steroidogenesis by bovine luteal cells.
Topics: 8-Bromo Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate; Animals; beta-Endorphin; Cattle; Cells, Cultured; Corpus Luteum; Dinoprost; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Enkephalin, Leucine; Female; Pregnancy; Progesterone | 1990 |
[Movement of plasma leu-enkephalin-like substance concentrations during pregnancy].
Topics: Biological Factors; Enkephalin, Leucine; Female; Humans; Postpartum Period; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Trimester, First; Pregnancy Trimester, Second; Pregnancy Trimester, Third | 1989 |
[Clinical significance of serum enkephalin analysis in pituitary function tests].
Topics: Cushing Syndrome; Enkephalin, Leucine; Enkephalin, Methionine; Female; Heroin Dependence; Humans; Hypopituitarism; Infant, Newborn; Male; Menstrual Cycle; Nelson Syndrome; Pituitary Function Tests; Pregnancy; Radioimmunoassay; Radioligand Assay; Reference Values | 1989 |
Effects of enkephalin on lactating rat mammary gland: in vitro studies.
Topics: Animals; Binding Sites; Corpus Striatum; Cyclic AMP; Enkephalin, Leucine; Enkephalin, Methionine; Female; In Vitro Techniques; Lactation; Mammary Glands, Animal; Milk; Pregnancy; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains | 1988 |
Neurohypophysial opioids and oxytocin secretion: source of inhibitory opioids.
Topics: Animals; Electric Stimulation; Endorphins; Enkephalin, Leucine; Female; Lactation; Naloxone; Neural Inhibition; Oxytocin; Pituitary Gland, Posterior; Pregnancy; Rats; Receptors, Opioid; Receptors, Opioid, delta; Supraoptic Nucleus | 1985 |
[Pharmacological correction of experimental alcoholic embryopathy].
Topics: Animals; Avoidance Learning; Conditioning, Classical; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; Enkephalin, Leucine; Enkephalin, Leucine-2-Alanine; Female; Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders; Motor Cortex; Photic Stimulation; Pregnancy; Rats; Succinate Dehydrogenase; Visual Cortex | 1988 |