enkephalin, leucine has been researched along with Pain in 463 studies
| Timeframe | Studies, this research(%) | All Research% |
|---|---|---|
| pre-1990 | 212 (45.79) | 18.7374 |
| 1990's | 139 (30.02) | 18.2507 |
| 2000's | 63 (13.61) | 29.6817 |
| 2010's | 40 (8.64) | 24.3611 |
| 2020's | 9 (1.94) | 2.80 |
| Authors | Studies |
|---|---|
| Dyniewicz, J; Misicka, A; Redkiewicz, P | 1 |
| Berg, KA; Chavera, TS; Clarke, WP; Jamshidi, RJ; Jennings, EM; LoCoco, PM; Smith, HR; Sullivan, LC | 1 |
| Chen, D; Fang, Q; Hu, X; Li, N; Shi, Y; Xu, B; Zhang, M; Zhang, N; Zhang, Q; Zhang, R | 1 |
| Baldini, GM; Beck, R; Cascardi, E; Cazzato, G; Cicinelli, E; Damiani, GR; Dellino, M; Malvasi, A; Tinelli, A; Vimercati, A | 1 |
| Allard, J; Deng, L; Dourado, M; Foreman, O; Hackos, DH; Huang, K; Joseph, V; Jung, M; Kaminker, JS; Karila, P; Lardell, S; Lin, H; Maksymetz, J; Ngu, H; Orrhult, LS; Reese, RM; Roose-Girma, M; Shields, SD; Stark, KL; Tam, L; Tao, J | 1 |
| Abot, A; Aloulou, M; Barreau, F; Battut, L; Blanpied, C; Bories, C; Cenac, N; Dietrich, G; Espinosa, E; Fazilleau, N; Gheziel, N; Knauf, C; Mas-Orea, X; Motta, JP; Mouledous, L; Petitfils, C; Rey, L; Serino, M; Wemelle, E | 1 |
| Alazzani, M; Alhusban, AY; Alzoubi, KH; Bawaane, A; Khabour, OF; Nuseir, KQ | 1 |
| Al-Madol, M; Khalefa, BI; Li, L; Mousa, SA; Schäfer, M; Shaqura, M; Treskatsch, S | 1 |
| Jacobi, CLJ; Stein, C | 1 |
| Feeney, C; Kristal, MB; Thompson, AC | 1 |
| Hamada, Y; Narita, M; Neyama, H; Tsukahara, R; Tsukamoto, K; Ueda, H | 1 |
| Buhler, AVK; Quock, RM; Tachibana, S; Zhang, Y | 1 |
| Duraku, LS; Holstege, JC; Hossaini, M; Jongen, JL; Kohli, SK | 1 |
| Cepeda, C; Cui, Y; Evans, CJ; Ge, W; James, AS; Jentsch, JD; Kieffer, BL; Levine, MS; Maidment, NT; Mittal, N; Murphy, NP; Ostlund, SB; Park, CS; Roberts, KW; Sun, YE; Walwyn, WM; Yang, XW | 1 |
| Feliciano, DP; Klukinov, M; Tzabazis, AZ; Wilson, SP; Yeomans, DC | 1 |
| Chen, ZY; Fu, X; Wang, H; Xu, H; Xu, W | 1 |
| Costante, R; Mollica, A; Pinnen, F; Stefanucci, A | 1 |
| Frączak, O; Kosson, P; Lasota, A; Leśniak, A; Lipkowski, AW; Muchowska, A; Olma, A | 1 |
| Peppin, JF; Raffa, RB | 1 |
| Chen, Y; Du, J; Fang, J; Liang, Y; Wu, S | 1 |
| Li, D; Li, H | 1 |
| Cerda-Cristerna, B; Chavarria-Bolaños, D; Flores-Reyes, H; Lombana-Sanchez, N; Pozos-Guillen, A | 1 |
| Chizhmakov, IV; Krishtal, OA; Kulyk, VB; Maximyuk, OP; Volkova, TM | 1 |
| BassiriRad, NM; Cole, J; Davis, P; Deekonda, S; Hruby, VJ; Lai, J; Largent-Milnes, TM; Porecca, F; Rankin, D; Sunna, S; Vanderah, TW | 1 |
| Cowell, SM; Lee, YS | 1 |
| Basso, L; Blanpied, C; Boué, J; Deraison, C; Dietrich, G; Mahiddine, K; Robiou-du-Pont, S; Vergnolle, N | 1 |
| Cai, Z; Cheng, X; Hu, C; Lu, Y; Wu, Z; Zhang, Q | 1 |
| Cai, Z; Cheng, X; Guo, Q; Hu, C; Lu, Y; Wu, Z; Zhang, Q | 1 |
| Barreau, F; Boué, J; Ceredig, RA; Dietrich, G; Gavériaux-Ruff, C; Reiss, D; Secher, T | 1 |
| Beier, KT; Christensen, AJ; Deisseroth, K; Delp, SL; François, A; Hantman, AW; Low, SA; Luo, L; Malenka, RC; Ramakrishnan, C; Ritola, KD; Scherrer, G; Sharif-Naeini, R; Sotoudeh, C; Sypek, EI | 1 |
| Guo, QL; Yang, Y; Zou, WY | 1 |
| Castro, AR; Lima, D; Pinto, M; Tavares, I; Tshudy, F; Wilson, SP | 1 |
| Huang, J; Li, Y; Wang, W; Wang, Y; Wei, Y; Wu, S | 1 |
| Chen, TC; Cheng, YY; Shyu, BC; Sun, WZ | 1 |
| Hervera, A; Leánez, S; Pol, O | 1 |
| Lima, D; Martins, I; Pinto, M; Tavares, I; Wilson, SP | 1 |
| Bochenski, M; Gibula-Bruzda, E; Izdebski, J; Kotlinska, J; Lagowska-Lenard, M; Witkowska, E | 1 |
| Hino, M; Horiuchi, H; Morino, T; Ogata, T; Yamamoto, H | 1 |
| Bourgoin, S; Cesselin, F; Hamon, M; Le Bars, D; Mauborgne, A | 1 |
| Makuch, W; Mika, J; Przewlocka, B; Rojewska, E | 1 |
| Furuya, M; Imai, S; Inada, E; Iseki, M; Kobayashi, Y; Kuzumaki, N; Maitani, Y; Narita, M; Niikura, K; Shimizu, T; Suzuki, T; Taketa, Y; Yamazaki, M | 1 |
| Condamine, E; Costentin, J; Courchay, K; Davoust, D; Leprince, J; Mayer, C; Rego, JC; Vaudry, H | 1 |
| Biesheuvel, K; Holstege, JC; Hossaini, M; Jongen, JL; Kuhl, D | 1 |
| Aoki, Y; Ishikawa, M; Kanno, S; Mizoguchi, H; Natsui, S; Osada, S; Sakurada, S; Sakurada, T; Watanabe, C; Yonezawa, A; Yoshioka, M | 1 |
| Ismail, Z; Long, I; Suppian, R | 1 |
| Cao, RJ; Chen, ZL; Guo, CQ; Li, XH; Liu, NG; Ma, HF; Mojtabavi, SJ; Qiao, JL; Sun, HM; Wu, HX; Xu, H; Yue, LF; Zhang, Y | 1 |
| Dong, X; LaMotte, RH; Sikand, P | 1 |
| Blanpied, C; Boué, J; Dietrich, G; Djata-Cabral, M; Pelletier, L; Vergnolle, N | 1 |
| Brunetti, L; Chiavaroli, A; Di Nisio, C; Leone, S; Mollica, A; Orlando, G; Vacca, M | 1 |
| Duarte, ID; Pacheco, CM; Pacheco, Dda F | 1 |
| Vogt, BA | 1 |
| Angulo, JA; Barr, GA; Noailles, PA; Wiedenmayer, CP | 1 |
| Bonney, IM; Carr, DB; Hasirci, V; Lipkowski, AW; Sendil, D; Wise, DL | 1 |
| Fink, DJ; Glorioso, JC; Goins, W; Hao, S; Mata, M | 1 |
| Cheng, HY; Penninger, JM | 1 |
| Besson, JM; Buritova, J; Fournié-Zaluski, MC; Le Guen, S; Roques, BP | 1 |
| Clark, JD; Li, X; Liang, D; Lighthall, G | 1 |
| Fink, DJ; Glorioso, J; Mata, M | 1 |
| McCleane, G | 1 |
| Fujimoto, JM; Leitermann, RJ; Sun, HS; Thompson, J; Tseng, LF; Wu, HE | 1 |
| Braz, J; Cesselin, F; Hamon, M; Meunier, A; Pohl, M | 1 |
| Bilsky, EJ; Davis, P; Dhanasekaran, M; Egleton, RD; Elmagbari, NO; Hruby, VJ; Keyari, CM; Lowery, JJ; Navratilova, E; Palian, MM; Polt, R; Porreca, F; Schmid, WR; Yamamura, HI | 1 |
| Bilkei-Gorzo, A; Klingmüller, D; Michel, K; Racz, I; Zimmer, A | 1 |
| Cho, HJ; Hwang, SH; Kang, BS; Kim, DS; Lee, HL; Lee, KM; Park, JS; Son, SJ | 1 |
| Jing, R; Lu, Y; Pappas, GD; Yeomans, DC | 1 |
| Carr, DB; Hasirci, V; Lipkowski, AW; Maszczynska Bonney, I; Sendil Keskin, D | 1 |
| Hong, Y; Huang, H; Zeng, X | 1 |
| Balam, TA; Fujiyoshi, Y; Murshid Ahmed, S; Takano-Yamamoto, T; Yamashiro, T; Zheng, L | 1 |
| Chancellor, MB; Chiang, PH; Chuang, YC; DeMiguel, F; Kang, HY; Ma, WL; Wu, PC; Yang, LC; Yoshimura, N | 1 |
| Esch, T; Fricchione, G; Goumon, Y; Stefano, GB | 1 |
| Pappas, GD; Qu, T; Sugaya, I; Sugaya, K | 1 |
| Fink, DJ; Lee, JY; Mata, M | 1 |
| Li, ZM; Liu, GX; Liu, HN; Wang, E; Yang, Y; Zou, WY | 1 |
| Chen, YJ; Hong, YG; Jiang, JP | 1 |
| Noble, F; Roques, BP | 3 |
| Benyhe, S; Borsodi, A; Stevens, CW; Tóth, G | 1 |
| Chen, JM; Lin, BC; Liu, WY; Xu, HT; Yang, J; Yang, Y | 1 |
| Alloui, A; Baron, A; Blondeau, N; Cupo, A; Diochot, S; Eschalier, A; Escoubas, P; Gélot, A; Heurteaux, C; Lazdunski, M; Mazzuca, M; Voilley, N; Zimmer, A; Zimmer, AM | 1 |
| Kiguchi, N; Kishioka, S; Maeda, T; Ozaki, M; Tsuruga, M; Yamamoto, A; Yamamoto, C | 1 |
| Lu, Y; McNearney, TA; Westlund, KN; Wilson, SP; Yeomans, DC | 1 |
| Maixner, W; Randich, A | 1 |
| Bishop, B | 1 |
| Dickinson, SL; Slater, P | 1 |
| Pert, A | 1 |
| Agnoli, A; Ceci, E; Denaro, A; Falaschi, P | 1 |
| Ruda, MA | 1 |
| Johnston, MV; Singer, HS | 1 |
| Hendler, N | 1 |
| Bulaev, VM; Ostrovskaia, RU; Zakusov, VV | 2 |
| Kharkevich, DA; Titov, MI | 1 |
| Hughes, J | 1 |
| Chrétien, M; Scherrer, H; Seidah, NG | 1 |
| Basbaum, AI; Fields, HL | 2 |
| Schechter, NL | 1 |
| Horwitz, DL | 1 |
| Zieglgänsberger, W | 1 |
| Haigler, HJ; Spring, DD | 1 |
| Wilson, PR; Yaksh, TL | 1 |
| Krieger, DT; Martin, JB | 1 |
| Cooper, PE; Martin, JB | 1 |
| Sweet, WH | 2 |
| Basbaum, AI | 2 |
| Duggan, AW | 2 |
| Seymour, RA | 1 |
| Hernandez, DE; Luttinger, D; Nemeroff, CB; Prange, AJ | 1 |
| Chung, SH; Dickenson, A | 2 |
| Segal, M; Simantov, R; Zamir, N | 1 |
| Pasternak, GW | 3 |
| Kunsdorf-Wnuk, A | 1 |
| Bellet, M; Elghozi, JL | 1 |
| Konecka, AM | 1 |
| Elmassian, BJ; Wilson, RW | 1 |
| Kosterlitz, HW; McKnight, AT | 1 |
| Handa, BK; Land, AC; Lord, JA; Morgan, BA; Rance, MJ; Smith, CF | 1 |
| Haigler, HJ; Hosford, DA | 2 |
| Brune, K | 1 |
| de Luna Infante, MJ; Pérez Carvajal, A | 1 |
| Dolinin, VA; Vinogradov, VM | 1 |
| Emrich, HM; Millan, MJ | 1 |
| Kaliuzhnyĭ, LV | 1 |
| Krieger, DT | 1 |
| Cork, RC; Crago, BR; Davis, TP; Hameroff, SR; Neuman, C; Scherer, K; Womble, JR | 1 |
| Huhman, M | 1 |
| Hill, RC; Roemer, D | 1 |
| de Jong, W; Petty, MA; Sitsen, JM | 1 |
| Milloy, D | 1 |
| Ehrenpreis, S | 1 |
| Hess, R | 1 |
| Clement-Jones, V; Grossman, A | 1 |
| Chaillet, P; Costentin, J; Coulaud, A; Fournié-Zaluski, MC; Gacel, G; Roques, BP | 1 |
| Cork, RC; Crago, BR; Davis, TP; Hameroff, SR; Lerman, JC; Neuman, CP; Watts, KS; Weiss, JL; Womble, JR | 1 |
| Akil, H; Khachaturian, H; Lewis, ME; Walker, JM; Watson, SJ; Young, E | 1 |
| Besser, GM; Clement-Jones, V | 1 |
| Copolov, DL; Helme, RD | 1 |
| Dolphin, NW | 1 |
| Chebotareva, LL; Goĭdenko, VS; Popovichenko, NV | 1 |
| Reynolds, D; Warfield, CA | 1 |
| Portnow, JM | 1 |
| Alpermann, HG; Bickel, M; Geiger, R; Teetz, V | 1 |
| Jacobsen, E; Kehlet, H; Larsen, V; Lindeburg, T | 1 |
| Basbaum, AI; Glazer, EJ; Moss, MS | 2 |
| Armstrong, ME | 1 |
| Ignatov, IuD; Kovalenko, VS; Titov, MI; Vasil'ev, IuN | 1 |
| Jacob, JJ; Ramabadran, K | 1 |
| Jeffcoate, WJ | 1 |
| Biasini, I; Carenzi, A; Della Bella, D; Frigeni, V | 1 |
| Jensen, RA; Liang, KC; Martinez, JL; McGaugh, JL; Messing, RB; Rigter, H; Vasquez, BJ | 1 |
| Boureau, F; Dry, J; Pradalier, A; Willer, JC | 1 |
| Pauser, G | 1 |
| Duka, T; Herz, A; Wüster, M | 1 |
| Cannon, T; Liebeskind, JC; Sherman, JE | 1 |
| Cobelli, DA; Mayer, DJ; Watkins, LR | 1 |
| Carmody, J; Cooper, K | 1 |
| Frederickson, RC; Wesche, DL | 1 |
| Rosenfeld, PJ; Stocco, S | 1 |
| Ganes, E | 1 |
| Jacob, J | 1 |
| Nathan, P | 1 |
| Keresztes-Nagy, P; Rosenfeld, PJ | 1 |
| Carr, DB; Dorociak, A; Gumulka, SW; Lipkowski, AW; Maszczynska, I; Misterek, K; Szyfelbein, SK | 1 |
| Collins, JG; Harada, Y; Kitahata, LM; Nakatani, K; Nishioka, K | 1 |
| Collins, JG; Harada, Y; Kishikawa, K; Kitahata, LM; Nishioka, K | 1 |
| Abbott, FV; Hong, Y | 1 |
| Crine, P; Fournié-Zaluski, MC; Noble, F; Roques, BP | 1 |
| Chang, SL; Hackler, L; Kastin, AJ; Zadina, JE | 1 |
| Gear, RW; Levine, JD | 1 |
| Hornby, PJ; Paul, D | 1 |
| Green, PG; Ho, T; Khasar, SG; Levine, JD | 1 |
| Almeida, OF; Shippenberg, TS; Spanagel, R | 1 |
| Bodnar, RJ; Pasternak, GW; Rossi, GC | 1 |
| Fournié-Zaluski, MC; Guilbaud, G; Kayser, V; Perrot, S; Roques, BP | 1 |
| Garzón, J; Martínez-Peña, Y; Sánchez-Blázquez, P | 1 |
| Bar-Shavit, Z; Rosen, H | 1 |
| Fournié-Zaluski, MC; Maldonado, R; Roques, BP; Turcaud, S; Valverde, O | 1 |
| Crosby, G; Goto, T; Marota, JJ; Uhl, GR | 1 |
| Kim, YH; Lim, JS; Song, DK; Suh, HW; Tseng, LF | 1 |
| Blomqvist, A; Ericson, H; Hermanson, O; Larhammar, D | 1 |
| Crisp, T; Gordon, TL; Hoskins, DL; Perni, VC; Stafinsky, JL; Uram, M | 1 |
| Chen, CY; Hwang, CL; Tao, PL | 1 |
| Randich, A; Robertson, JD; Willingham, T | 1 |
| Han, JS; Ren, MF; Wang, JF; Xue, JC | 1 |
| Green, PG; Khasar, SG; Levine, JD | 1 |
| Castro, MA; Garzón, J; Juarros, JL; Sánchez-Blázquez, P | 1 |
| Baumeister, AA; Chaney, TM; Curtis, W; Hurry, M; Leoni, RR; Wolf, E | 1 |
| Brusa, L; D'Amore, A; Lorenzini, P; Massotti, M | 1 |
| Saeki, S; Yaksh, TL | 1 |
| Hitosugi, H; Kamei, J; Kasuya, Y; Kawashima, N; Misawa, M; Nagase, H | 1 |
| DeHaven-Hudkins, DL; Komer, KM; Mavunkel, BJ; Peterson, JA; Rzeszotarski, WJ | 1 |
| Levine, JD; Miaskowski, C; Taiwo, YO | 1 |
| Desmeules, JA; Gacel, G; Guilbaud, G; Kayser, V; Roques, BP | 1 |
| Desmeules, JA; Guilbaud, G; Kayser, V | 1 |
| Derrien, M; Noble, F; Roques, BP | 1 |
| Colado, MI; Lucas, JJ; Mellström, B; Naranjo, JR | 1 |
| Abood, ME; Pugh, G; Welch, SP | 1 |
| Haney, M; Miczek, KA | 1 |
| Danzebrink, RM; Gebhart, GF; Green, SA | 1 |
| Chaplan, SR; Lee, YW; Yaksh, TL | 1 |
| Cowan, A; Hunter, JC; Kovelowski, CJ; Lai, J; Malan, TP; Ossipov, MH; Porreca, F; Wheeler-Aceto, H | 1 |
| Burks, TF; Hruby, VJ; Roerig, SC; Rosenfeld, GC; Williams, CL | 1 |
| Basbaum, AI; Botchkina, GI; Cho, HJ; Gogas, KR; Levine, JD | 1 |
| Brownstein, MJ; Crawley, JN; Holmes, PV; König, M; Steiner, H; Zimmer, A; Zimmer, AM | 1 |
| Fields, HL; Pan, ZZ | 1 |
| Eriksson, B; Maixner, B; Sheps, DS; Sylvén, C | 1 |
| Choi, SR; Chung, KM; Kim, YH; Song, DK; Suh, HW | 1 |
| Bian, D; Lopez, Y; Nichols, ML; Ossipov, MH; Porreca, F | 1 |
| Kamei, J; Kawai, K; Mizoguchi, H; Mizusuna, A; Nagase, H; Narita, M; Suzuki, T; Tseng, LF | 1 |
| Cuello, AC; De Koninck, Y; Henry, JL; Ma, W; Radhakrishnan, V; Ribeiro-da-Silva, A | 1 |
| Albe-Fessard, D; Cesaro, P | 1 |
| Mamede Rosa, ML; Prado, WA | 1 |
| Bandler, R; Christie, MJ; Crowfoot, LJ; Floyd, NS; Henderson, LA; Keay, KA | 1 |
| Labuz, D; Machelska, H; Przewłocka, B; Przewłocki, R | 1 |
| Balboni, G; Caliendo, G; Capasso, A; Guerrini, R; Lazarus, LH; Marastoni, M; Salvadori, S; Santagada, V; Sorrentino, L; Tomatis, R | 1 |
| Kusmirek, J; Mason, P; Owens, CA | 1 |
| Grandy, DK; Heinricher, MM; McGaraughty, S | 1 |
| Blomqvist, A; Hermanson, O | 1 |
| Brodin, E; Delander, GE; Fredholm, BB; Schött, E | 1 |
| Dierich, A; Kieffer, BL; Kitchen, I; Le Meur, M; Maldonado, R; Roques, BP; Simonin, F; Slowe, S; Smadja, C; Valverde, O | 1 |
| Budai, D; Fields, HL | 1 |
| Schäfer, M; Stein, C; Zhou, L | 1 |
| Brooks, PJ; Holtzman, DA; Pfaff, DW; Schwartz-Giblin, S | 1 |
| Coric, P; Fournié-Zaluski, MC; Maldonado, R; Noble, F; Roques, BP; Smadja, C; Turcaud, S; Valverde, O | 1 |
| Bellgowan, PS; Helmstetter, FJ; Poore, LH; Tershner, SA | 1 |
| Carrión, AM; Luckman, SM; Mellström, B; Naranjo, JR | 1 |
| Antunes Bras, JM; Bourgoin, S; Cesselin, F; Epstein, AL; Hamon, M; Pohl, M | 1 |
| Bhargava, HN; Cao, YJ | 1 |
| Bender, MA; Glorioso, JC; Kang, W; Wilson, MA; Wilson, SP | 1 |
| Bian, D; Elde, R; Lai, J; Porreca, F; Riedl, M; Tang, QB | 1 |
| Miller, KE; Salvatierra, AT | 1 |
| Fricchione, GL; Salzet, B; Stefano, GB | 1 |
| Butelman, ER; Ko, MC; Woods, JH | 1 |
| Nozaki-Taguchi, N; Yamamoto, T | 1 |
| Jacobi, D | 1 |
| Chen, H; Coric, P; Fournie-Zaluski, MC; Noble, F; Roques, BP | 1 |
| Miczek, KA; Vivian, JA | 1 |
| Asai, T; Ikeda, H; Murase, K; Saka, T; Terao, S | 1 |
| Fujimoto, JM; Gorny, JM; Rady, JJ | 1 |
| Holtzman, SG; Waddell, AB | 1 |
| Li, YQ; Shi, JW; Wu, SX | 1 |
| DeAntonio, I; DeFelipe, J; García-España, A; Garzón, J; Rodríguez, JR; Sánchez-Blázquez, P | 1 |
| Bender, MA; Glorioso, JC; Goins, WF; Lu, Y; Wilson, SP; Yeomans, DC | 1 |
| Labuz, D; Mika, J; Przewłocka, B; Przewłocki, R; Toth, G | 1 |
| Fujimura, T; Kastin, AJ; Katsuyama, S; Murayama, K; Sakurada, S; Sakurada, T; Ueda, H; Yuki, M; Zadina, JE | 1 |
| Kang, W; Wilson, MA; Wilson, SP | 1 |
| Dickenson, A; Fitzgerald, M; Hatch, D; Marsh, D | 1 |
| Bidlack, JM; Gross, RA; Hinkle, PM; Jiang, H; McLaughlin, JP; Romoser, VA; Samoriski, GM; Smrcka, A; Wu, D; Xie, W | 1 |
| Beslot, F; Ledent, C; Parmentier, M; Roques, BP; Valverde, O | 1 |
| Roques, BP | 1 |
| Janecka, A; Zubrzycka, M | 1 |
| Abraham, KE; Brewer, KL; McGinty, JF | 2 |
| Hammond, DL; Hurley, RW | 1 |
| Amandusson, A; Blomqvist, A | 1 |
| Chancellor, MB; de Groat, WC; Fink, J; Franks, ME; Fraser, MO; Glorioso, J; Goins, WF; Goss, J; Sasaki, K; Seki, S; Yokoyama, T; Yoshimura, N | 1 |
| Benavides, J; Fournié-Zaluski, MC; Nieto, MM; Noble, F; Roques, BP; Walker, J; Wilson, J | 1 |
| Agashe, GS; Clark, JD; Davies, MF; Kingery, WS; Sawamura, S; Zimmer, A | 1 |
| Befort, K; Brenner, GJ; Ji, RR; Woolf, CJ | 1 |
| Brodzik-Bienkowska, A; Hruby, VJ; Kosson, D; Kosson, P; Lachwa-From, M; Lipkowski, AW; Misicka, A | 1 |
| Commons, KG; Valentino, RJ | 1 |
| Natorska, J; Plytycz, B | 1 |
| Henderson, RS | 1 |
| Gardier, RW | 1 |
| Greenberg, S; Palmer, GC | 1 |
| Campan, L | 1 |
| Matsuzaki, S | 1 |
| Snyder, SH | 1 |
| Akil, H; Barchas, JD; Sullivan, S; Watson, SJ | 1 |
| Dostrovsky, JO; Hu, JW; Sessle, BJ | 1 |
| Günther, B | 1 |
| Kuschinsky, K | 1 |
| Terenius, L; Wahlström, A | 1 |
| Deakin, JF; Dostrovsky, JO | 1 |
| Marsden, CD | 1 |
| Okasha, A | 1 |
| Hannington-Kiff, FG | 1 |
| Ervin, GN; Manberg, PJ; Nemeroff, CB; Osbahr, AJ; Prange, AJ | 1 |
| Elde, R; Hökfelt, T; Ljungdahl, A; Nilsson, G; Terenius, L | 1 |
| Herz, A | 2 |
| Battista, AF; Matsumoto, Y; Shigemori, M; Watanabe, M | 1 |
| Bauer, P; Schmierer, G; Schreiber, E; Stacher, G; Steinringer, H | 1 |
| Fujino, M; Ishii, H; Kawai, K; Shinagawa, S | 1 |
| Hill, RG; Pepper, CM | 1 |
| Akil, H; Barchas, JD; Hughes, J; Richardson, DE | 1 |
| Dolan, M | 1 |
| Donovan, DM; Takemura, M; Uhl, GR | 1 |
| Heller, PH; Levine, JD; Taiwo, YO | 1 |
| Aoki, T; Kamei, J; Kasuya, Y; Kawasima, N; Ohhashi, Y | 1 |
| Baamonde, A; Fournie-Zaluski, MC; Roques, BP; Ruiz-Gayo, M; Turcaud, S | 1 |
| Besse, D; Besson, JM; Butler, SH; Lombard, MC; Weil-Fugazza, J | 1 |
| Erspamer, GF; Erspamer, V; Melchiorri, P; Negri, L; Potenza, RL; Severini, C | 1 |
| Sparacia, A | 1 |
| Dixon, B | 1 |
| Arai, Y; Ghoda, K; Kajita, T; Liu, XF; Matsumiya, T; Ohgiya, N; Oka, T; Taniguchi, T | 1 |
| Kamei, J; Kasuya, Y; Kawashima, N | 1 |
| Wallace, KG | 1 |
| Millan, MJ; Morris, BJ | 1 |
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| Alemi, F; Bunnett, NW; Cattaruzza, F; Cevikbas, F; Corvera, CU; Cottrell, GS; Geppetti, P; Guerrero-Alba, R; Kwon, E; Lieu, T; Lyo, V; Materazzi, S; Nassini, R; Poole, DP; Schoonjans, K; Steinhoff, M; Valdez-Morales, E; Vanner, SJ | 1 |
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64 review(s) available for enkephalin, leucine and Pain
| Article | Year |
|---|---|
Biphalin-A Potent Opioid Agonist-As a Panacea for Opioid System-Dependent Pathophysiological Diseases?
Topics: Analgesics; Analgesics, Opioid; Enkephalins; Morphine; Opioid-Related Disorders; Pain; Receptors, Opioid | 2021 |
Delta opioid agonists: a concise update on potential therapeutic applications.
Topics: Antidepressive Agents; Drug Tolerance; Enkephalins; Humans; Learning; Memory; Opioid-Related Disorders; Pain; Receptors, Opioid; Receptors, Opioid, delta | 2015 |
Biphalin: The Foundation of Bivalent Ligands.
Topics: Dimerization; Enkephalins; Humans; Ligands; Pain; Protein Binding; Receptors, Opioid; Structure-Activity Relationship | 2016 |
Knocking out the DREAM to study pain.
Topics: Animals; Calcium-Binding Proteins; Disease Models, Animal; Enkephalins; Kv Channel-Interacting Proteins; Mice; Mice, Knockout; Nociceptors; Pain; Physical Stimulation; Protein Precursors; Receptors, Opioid; Repressor Proteins; Transcription, Genetic | 2002 |
When the DREAM is gone: from basic science to future prospectives in pain management and beyond.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Analgesics; Animals; Dogs; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; Enkephalins; Forecasting; Humans; Kv Channel-Interacting Proteins; Membrane Proteins; Mice; Mice, Knockout; Models, Biological; Molecular Sequence Data; Pain; Pain Insensitivity, Congenital; Potassium Channels; Presenilin-2; Protein Precursors; Protein Processing, Post-Translational; Rats; Repressor Proteins; Transcription, Genetic | 2003 |
Cholecystokinin antagonists a new way to improve the analgesia from old analgesics?
Topics: Analgesics; Animals; Cholecystokinin; Clinical Trials as Topic; Drug Tolerance; Dynorphins; Enkephalins; Humans; Narcotics; Pain; Time Factors | 2004 |
[From inflammation to pain: experimental gene therapy].
Topics: Animals; Arthritis; Chronic Disease; Cytokines; Disease Models, Animal; Enkephalins; Genetic Therapy; Humans; Inflammation; Pain; Pain Management; Protein Precursors; Rats | 2004 |
Advances in analgesic drug design and delivery: a current survey.
Topics: Analgesics; Drug Delivery Systems; Drug Design; Enkephalins; Humans; Microspheres; Narcotics; Pain; Polymers; Substance P | 2004 |
Pain, immunity, opiate and opioid compounds and health.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Drug Tolerance; Enkephalins; Evolution, Molecular; Humans; Molecular Sequence Data; Morphine; Narcotics; Opioid Peptides; Pain; Protein Precursors; Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; Substance-Related Disorders | 2005 |
Protection of endogenous enkephalin catabolism as natural approach to novel analgesic and antidepressant drugs.
Topics: Analgesics; Animals; Antidepressive Agents; Biological Products; Drugs, Investigational; Enkephalins; Humans; Pain | 2007 |
Pain: its physiology and rationale for management. Part II. Analgesic systems of the CNS.
Topics: Afferent Pathways; Animals; Central Nervous System; Endorphins; Enkephalins; Humans; Narcotic Antagonists; Narcotics; Neurotransmitter Agents; Pain; Receptors, Opioid; Thalamus | 1980 |
Mechanisms of opiate analgesia and the role of endorphins in pain suppression.
Topics: Analgesia; Analgesics, Opioid; Animals; Brain; Endorphins; Enkephalins; Humans; Migraine Disorders; Naloxone; Neural Pathways; Norepinephrine; Pain; Receptors, Opioid; Sensory Thresholds; Serotonin; Spinal Cord | 1982 |
Brain neurotransmitters and neuromodulators in pediatrics.
Topics: Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity; Autistic Disorder; Brain; Child; Endorphins; Enkephalins; Epilepsy; Humans; Movement Disorders; Neurotransmitter Agents; Pain; Phenylalanine; Psychotic Disorders; Receptors, Neurotransmitter | 1982 |
[Peptides with analgesic activity].
Topics: Analgesics, Opioid; Animals; Cats; Drug Interactions; Endorphins; Enkephalins; Haloperidol; Mice; Neural Conduction; Pain; Rats; Sensory Thresholds | 1982 |
Biogenesis, release and inactivation of enkephalins and dynorphins.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Brain; Dynorphins; Endorphins; Enkephalins; Guinea Pigs; Mice; Pain; Protein Precursors; Rats; Stress, Physiological | 1983 |
[Endorphins: structure, role and biogenesis].
Topics: Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Analgesia; Animals; Behavior; beta-Endorphin; beta-Lipotropin; Brain; Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry; Endorphins; Enkephalins; Growth Hormone; Humans; Hydrocortisone; Neurotransmitter Agents; Pain; Pituitary Hormones; Prolactin; Rats; Thyrotropin | 1983 |
Endogenous pain control systems: brainstem spinal pathways and endorphin circuitry.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Afferent Pathways; Analgesics; Animals; beta-Endorphin; Brain Stem; Dynorphins; Endorphins; Enkephalins; Medulla Oblongata; Models, Biological; Neural Pathways; Neurons; Neurotensin; Norepinephrine; Pain; Peptide Fragments; Periaqueductal Gray; Pituitary Hormones, Anterior; Pro-Opiomelanocortin; Protein Precursors; Spinal Cord; Stress, Physiological | 1984 |
Recurrent pains in children: an overview and an approach.
Topics: Attitude to Health; beta-Endorphin; Child; Child Development; Diagnostic Tests, Routine; Endorphins; Enkephalins; Ethnicity; Family; Female; Humans; Male; Medical History Taking; Neurotransmitter Agents; Nociceptors; Pain; Pain Management; Personality; Physical Examination; Psychology, Child; Recurrence; Sensation; Sensory Thresholds; Sex Factors; Synaptic Transmission | 1984 |
An enkephalinergic gating system involved in nociception?
Topics: Animals; Endorphins; Enkephalins; Glutamates; Naloxone; Neurons; Pain; Spinal Cord; Substance P; Substantia Gelatinosa | 1980 |
Pharmacology of pain and analgesia.
Topics: Amino Acids; Analgesia; Electric Stimulation; Endorphins; Enkephalins; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Narcotics; Nerve Fibers; Neurons, Afferent; Norepinephrine; Pain; Serotonin; Substance P; Synaptic Transmission | 1980 |
Neuroendocrinology and brain peptides.
Topics: Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Animals; Appetite; Brain; Brain Chemistry; Brain Mapping; Cerebrovascular Circulation; Cholecystokinin; Enkephalins; Humans; Memory; Mesencephalon; Mice; Neural Pathways; Pain; Peptides; Rats; Spinal Cord; Substance P; Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide; Vasopressins | 1980 |
[Enkephalins--biologically active compounds of central nervous system (author's transl)].
Topics: Adenylyl Cyclases; Analgesics; Animals; Blood Circulation; Central Nervous System; Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry; Cyclic AMP; Cyclic GMP; Endorphins; Enkephalins; Humans; Male; Pain; Pituitary Hormones; Rats; Respiration; Synaptosomes | 1980 |
Endorphins and enkephalins.
Topics: Animals; Blood Circulation; Body Temperature Regulation; Brain Chemistry; Cats; D-Ala(2),MePhe(4),Met(0)-ol-enkephalin; Emotions; Endorphins; Enkephalins; Guinea Pigs; Humans; Male; Mice; Motor Activity; Pain; Pituitary Gland; Rats; Receptors, Opioid; Respiration; Schizophrenia | 1980 |
[Morphinics receptors and endorphines (author's transl)].
Topics: Affect; Anesthesia; Animals; Binding, Competitive; Biological Transport; Digestive System; Endocrine Glands; Endorphins; Enkephalins; Humans; Molecular Conformation; Narcotic Antagonists; Narcotics; Nociceptors; Opioid-Related Disorders; Pain; Peptide Fragments; Receptors, Opioid; Structure-Activity Relationship; Synaptic Transmission | 1981 |
[Basic research trends in the prevention of traumatic shock using pharmacological agents (2)].
Topics: Analgesics; Anesthetics, Local; Endorphins; Enkephalins; Humans; Morphine Derivatives; Narcotic Antagonists; Pain; Receptors, Opioid; Research; Shock, Traumatic; Substance-Related Disorders; Time Factors; Vomiting | 1982 |
[Systems integration of pain excitation].
Topics: Analgesia; Animals; Blood Pressure; Brain; Emotions; Endorphins; Enkephalins; Humans; Nociceptors; Pain; Receptors, Dopamine; Receptors, Opioid; Receptors, Serotonin; Sensory Thresholds; Systems Theory | 1982 |
Endorphinlike drugs.
Topics: Animals; beta-Endorphin; Cardiovascular System; Central Nervous System; Digestive System; Endocrine Glands; Endorphins; Enkephalins; Humans; Mental Disorders; Pain | 1982 |
Opiate receptors: enkephalins and endorphins.
Topics: Acupuncture Therapy; Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Brain Diseases; Cardiovascular Physiological Phenomena; Endorphins; Enkephalins; Growth Hormone; Humans; Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System; Mental Disorders; Neoplasms; Pain; Prolactin; Receptors, Opioid; Respiration; Thyrotropin | 1983 |
Endogenous opioids: biology and function.
Topics: Adrenal Medulla; Analgesia; Animals; Behavior; Blood Pressure; Brain; Cardiovascular Physiological Phenomena; Drug Tolerance; Endocrine Glands; Endorphins; Enkephalins; Female; Humans; Morphine; Naloxone; Pain; Pituitary Gland; Pituitary Hormones, Anterior; Pregnancy; Pro-Opiomelanocortin; Protein Precursors; Protein Processing, Post-Translational; Receptors, Opioid; Shock; Spinal Cord; Stress, Physiological; Tissue Distribution | 1984 |
Clinical perspectives in opioid peptides.
Topics: Acupuncture Therapy; Endorphins; Enkephalins; Humans; Mental Disorders; Neoplasms; Opioid-Related Disorders; Pain; Pituitary Hormones; Tissue Distribution | 1983 |
Enkephalins and Endorphins. Clinical, pharmacological and therapeutic implications.
Topics: Acupuncture Therapy; Animals; Blood Pressure; Central Nervous System Diseases; Endocrine System Diseases; Endorphins; Enkephalins; Ethanol; Gastrointestinal Diseases; Humans; Morphine; Opioid-Related Disorders; Pain; Psychotic Disorders; Rats; Substance-Related Disorders | 1983 |
[Acupuncture analgesia (review)].
Topics: Acupuncture Therapy; Brain Stem; Cerebral Cortex; Enkephalins; Humans; Hypothalamus; Nerve Fibers; Nervous System; Neural Pathways; Nociceptors; Pain; Pain Management; Peripheral Nerves; Serotonin; Spinal Cord; Substantia Gelatinosa; Thalamus | 1984 |
Brain peptides and pain sensation.
Topics: Animals; beta-Lipotropin; Brain Chemistry; Endorphins; Enkephalins; Fluorescent Antibody Technique; Guinea Pigs; Humans; Leucine; Methionine; Mice; Morphine; Narcotics; Pain; Peptides; Radioimmunoassay; Rats | 1980 |
On the enzymatic degradation of enkephalins: pharmacological implications.
Topics: Animals; Biotransformation; Drug Interactions; Electric Stimulation; Endorphins; Enkephalins; In Vitro Techniques; Muscle Contraction; Pain; Protease Inhibitors | 1980 |
[Neurophysiological and neuropharmacological studies on (possible) mechanisms of peripheral stimulation analgesia (author's transl)].
Topics: Acupuncture Therapy; Afferent Pathways; Animals; Cats; Electric Stimulation; Enkephalins; Hot Temperature; Humans; Naloxone; Nociceptors; Pain | 1980 |
Inhibitors of neprilysin: design, pharmacological and clinical applications.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; Animals; Atrial Natriuretic Factor; Behavior; Binding Sites; CD13 Antigens; Drug Design; Drug Tolerance; Enkephalins; Humans; Molecular Sequence Data; Neprilysin; Pain; Protease Inhibitors | 1995 |
Dual role of osteoblastic proenkephalin derived peptides in skeletal tissues.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Bone and Bones; Bone Development; Enkephalins; Humans; Molecular Sequence Data; Opioid Peptides; Osteoblasts; Pain; Peptides; Protein Precursors | 1994 |
Dual inhibitors of enkephalin-degrading enzymes (neutral endopeptidase 24.11 and aminopeptidase N) as potential new medications in the management of pain and opioid addiction.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; CD13 Antigens; Enkephalins; Enzyme Inhibitors; Humans; Molecular Sequence Data; Neprilysin; Opioid-Related Disorders; Pain | 1995 |
Association of enkephalin catabolism inhibitors and CCK-B antagonists: a potential use in the management of pain and opioid addiction.
Topics: Analgesics; Animals; Chronic Disease; Enkephalins; Humans; Models, Neurological; Narcotics; Neprilysin; Pain; Receptor, Cholecystokinin A; Receptor, Cholecystokinin B; Receptors, Cholecystokinin; Receptors, Opioid, delta; Receptors, Opioid, mu; Substance-Related Disorders | 1996 |
Enkelytin and opioid peptide association in invertebrates and vertebrates: immune activation and pain.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Infective Agents; Enkephalins; Humans; Invertebrates; Opioid Peptides; Pain; Peptide Fragments; Protein Precursors; Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; Vertebrates | 1998 |
[To explain pain and make it understood: forms and resources of explanatory discussions].
Topics: Analgesia; Enkephalins; Humans; Nociceptors; Pain | 1998 |
Novel approaches to targeting neuropeptide systems.
Topics: Animals; Anxiety; Depression; Dopamine; Enkephalins; Enzyme Inhibitors; Humans; Metalloendopeptidases; Mice; Neuropeptides; Pain; Protease Inhibitors; Receptors, Cholecystokinin; Receptors, Opioid; Reward; Sincalide; Substance-Related Disorders | 2000 |
Substance P: transmitter of nociception (Minireview).
Topics: Animals; Enkephalins; Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials; Humans; Nerve Endings; Neuropeptides; Pain; Receptors, Tachykinin; Spinal Cord; Substance P; Synaptic Transmission | 2000 |
[Estrogen receptors can regulate pain sensitivity. Possible explanation of certain chronic pain conditions].
Topics: Animals; Chronic Disease; Enkephalins; Estradiol; Female; Gene Expression; Humans; Nociceptors; Pain; Posterior Horn Cells; Rats; Receptors, Estrogen; RNA, Messenger; Sex Characteristics | 2001 |
Basic and clinical studies of endorphins.
Topics: Adenylyl Cyclases; Animals; Antipsychotic Agents; Brain; Cyclic AMP; Drug Interactions; Endorphins; Enkephalins; Humans; Immune Tolerance; Mental Disorders; Models, Neurological; Morphine; Narcotics; Pain; Pain, Intractable; Protein Kinases; Receptors, Opioid; Substance-Related Disorders | 1979 |
Neuropeptides and pain: neurosurgical implications.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Angiotensin II; Animals; Brain Chemistry; Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry; Endorphins; Enkephalins; Mesencephalon; Neurotensin; Nociceptors; Pain; Peptides; Raphe Nuclei; Rats; Serotonin; Somatostatin; Spinal Cord; Substance P; Trigeminal Caudal Nucleus | 1979 |
Endogenous pain control mechanisms: review and hypothesis.
Topics: Analgesia; Animals; Biogenic Amines; Brain; Brain Stem; Cats; Electric Stimulation; Enkephalins; Humans; Models, Neurological; Naloxone; Narcotics; Neural Inhibition; Neural Pathways; Pain; Raphe Nuclei; Rats; Serotonin; Spinal Cord; Spinal Cord Diseases; Synaptic Transmission | 1978 |
Central pain mechanisms.
Topics: Afferent Pathways; Animals; Brain; Brain Mapping; Cats; Electric Stimulation; Endorphins; Enkephalins; Humans; Mice; Naloxone; Neural Inhibition; Nociceptors; Pain; Pain, Intractable; Rats; Spinal Cord; Spinothalamic Tracts; Substance P; Substantia Gelatinosa | 1978 |
The pathophysiology of pain.
Topics: Brain; Endorphins; Enkephalins; Humans; Narcotics; Nociceptors; Pain; Spinal Cord | 1992 |
Pain and neurotransmitters.
Topics: Action Potentials; Afferent Pathways; Analgesics; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Enkephalins; GABA Antagonists; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Mice; Neurotransmitter Agents; Nociceptors; Pain; Rats; Spinal Cord; Substance P | 1990 |
[Proto-oncogene and pain modulation].
Topics: Animals; Enkephalins; Gene Expression Regulation; Genes, fos; Genes, jun; Humans; Nociceptors; Pain; Proto-Oncogene Mas; Spinal Cord | 1991 |
Mechanisms of pain perception in patients with silent myocardial ischemia.
Topics: beta-Endorphin; Coronary Disease; Enkephalins; Humans; Pain; Perception; Pressoreceptors; Receptors, Opioid; Sensory Thresholds | 1990 |
A pharmacological overview of opioid mechanisms mediating analgesia and hyperalgesia.
Topics: Adrenergic Fibers; Afferent Pathways; Analgesics; Animals; Central Nervous System; Cholinergic Fibers; Endorphins; Enkephalins; Feedback; Female; Humans; Interneurons; Macaca mulatta; Male; Mice; Models, Neurological; Neural Conduction; Neural Inhibition; Pain; Receptors, Opioid; Spinothalamic Tracts; Substance P; Substantia Gelatinosa; Synaptic Transmission; Tabes Dorsalis; Thalamus | 1985 |
[The role of biologically active substances in the control of pain syndrome (review of the literature)].
Topics: Animals; beta-Endorphin; Brain; Endorphins; Enkephalins; Humans; Pain; Rats; Receptors, Opioid; Spinal Cord; Substance P | 1989 |
Multiple morphine and enkephalin receptors and the relief of pain.
Topics: Animals; Constipation; Drug Tolerance; Enkephalins; Humans; Morphine; Opioid-Related Disorders; Pain; Receptors, Opioid; Respiratory Insufficiency | 1988 |
The endocrinology of the opioids.
Topics: Adrenal Glands; Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Animals; Arginine Vasopressin; beta-Endorphin; Circadian Rhythm; Dynorphins; Endocrine Glands; Endorphins; Enkephalins; Female; Humans; Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System; Islets of Langerhans; Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormones; Oxytocin; Pain; Pituitary Gland, Anterior; Pituitary Gland, Posterior; Pregnancy; Rats; Receptors, Opioid; Shock; Stress, Physiological | 1985 |
The changing nature of pain control. Clinical aspects of endorphins and enkephalins.
Topics: Acupuncture Therapy; Amino Acids; Analgesics, Opioid; Animals; Differential Threshold; Electric Stimulation; Endorphins; Enkephalins; Humans; Hypnosis; Naloxone; Nitrous Oxide; Pain; Receptors, Opioid | 1985 |
Cytochemical studies of the neural circuitry underlying pain and pain control.
Topics: Animals; Dynorphins; Enkephalins; Pain; Spinal Cord | 1987 |
The many possible roles of opioids and related peptides in stress-induced analgesia.
Topics: Analgesia; Animals; beta-Endorphin; Brain; Electric Stimulation; Endorphins; Enkephalins; Male; Pain; Pro-Opiomelanocortin; Protein Precursors; Rats; Sensory Thresholds; Stress, Physiological; Time Factors | 1986 |
Endogenous opioids and their receptors. Evidence for involvement in the postictal effects of electroconvulsive shock.
Topics: Animals; Anticonvulsants; Autonomic Nervous System; Blood Pressure; Brain; Diprenorphine; Drug Tolerance; Electroconvulsive Therapy; Electroencephalography; Endorphins; Enkephalin, Leucine; Enkephalin, Leucine-2-Alanine; Enkephalins; Heart Rate; Morphine; Naloxone; Pain; Pituitary Gland; Pressoreceptors; Rats; Receptors, Opioid; Sensory Thresholds; Tritium | 1986 |
[Endogenous opioid systems].
Topics: Animals; beta-Endorphin; Brain; Endorphins; Enkephalins; Humans; Pain; Protein Precursors; Receptors, Opioid | 1985 |
Neutral amino acid therapy for the management of chronic pain.
Topics: Animals; Chronic Disease; Enkephalins; Humans; Pain; Phenylalanine; Serotonin; Transcutaneous Electric Nerve Stimulation; Tryptophan | 1986 |
Inhibitors of neuropeptide peptidases engaged in pain and drug dependence.
Topics: Animals; Dynorphins; Enkephalin, Leucine; Enzyme Inhibitors; Humans; Neuropeptides; Pain; Peptide Hydrolases; Protease Inhibitors; Substance-Related Disorders | 2020 |
Functional response of multiple opioid systems to chronic arthritic pain in the rat.
Topics: 3,4-Dichloro-N-methyl-N-(2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-cyclohexyl)-benzeneacetamide, (trans)-Isomer; Animals; Arthritis; Arthritis, Experimental; Benzomorphans; beta-Endorphin; Dynorphins; Endorphins; Enkephalin, Leucine; Enkephalin, Methionine; Morphine; Naloxone; Nociceptors; Pain; Pituitary Gland, Anterior; Protein Precursors; Pyrrolidines; Rats; Receptors, Opioid; Sensory Thresholds; Spinal Cord; Thalamus | 1986 |
8 trial(s) available for enkephalin, leucine and Pain
| Article | Year |
|---|---|
Doxepin effects on chronic pain, depression and plasma opioids.
Topics: Adult; Aged; beta-Endorphin; Chronic Disease; Depression; Double-Blind Method; Doxepin; Endorphins; Enkephalins; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Pain; Placebos; Random Allocation; Sensory Thresholds; Sleep | 1982 |
Doxepin's effects on chronic pain and depression: a controlled study.
Topics: beta-Endorphin; Chronic Disease; Clinical Trials as Topic; Depressive Disorder; Double-Blind Method; Doxepin; Endorphins; Enkephalins; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Pain; Placebos; Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; Random Allocation; Time Factors | 1984 |
Beta-endorphin but not metenkephalin counteracts adenosine-provoked angina pectoris-like pain.
Topics: Adult; Angina Pectoris; beta-Endorphin; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Double-Blind Method; Enkephalins; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Pain | 1996 |
Effects of the synthetic enkephalin analogue FK 33-824 on pain threshold and pain tolerance in man.
Topics: Adult; Affect; Blood Pressure; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Double-Blind Method; Electric Stimulation; Electroencephalography; Endorphins; Enkephalins; Female; Heart Rate; Humans; Male; Nociceptors; Pain; Reaction Time; Sensory Thresholds; Skin | 1979 |
Analgesic, central, cardiovascular and endocrine effects of the enkephalin analogue Tyr-D.Arg-Gly-Phe(4NO2)-Pro-NH2 (443C81) in healthy volunteers.
Topics: Adult; Amino Acid Sequence; Analgesics; Analgesics, Opioid; Blood Pressure; Central Nervous System; Double-Blind Method; Endocrine Glands; Enkephalins; Heart Rate; Hemodynamics; Hormones; Humans; Male; Methadone; Molecular Sequence Data; Pain; Pain Measurement; Pupil; Random Allocation; Salivation | 1990 |
Analgesic effectiveness of D-phenylalanine in chronic pain patients.
Topics: Animals; Chronic Disease; Clinical Trials as Topic; Double-Blind Method; Enkephalins; Female; Humans; Male; Mice; Middle Aged; Nociceptors; Pain; Phenylalanine; Random Allocation; Rats | 1986 |
Maprotiline in pain-depression.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Anthracenes; Antidepressive Agents; Brain; Chronic Disease; Clinical Trials as Topic; Depressive Disorder; Enkephalins; Female; Humans; Male; Maprotiline; Middle Aged; Pain; Stimulation, Chemical | 1985 |
The analgesic efficacy of intrathecal D-Ala2-D-Leu5-enkephalin in cancer patients with chronic pain.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Analgesia; Chronic Disease; Enkephalin, Leucine; Enkephalin, Leucine-2-Alanine; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Morphine; Pain; Sleep Stages | 1985 |
391 other study(ies) available for enkephalin, leucine and Pain
| Article | Year |
|---|---|
Age-related changes in peripheral nociceptor function.
Topics: Aged; Analgesics, Opioid; Animals; Capsaicin; Enkephalin, Ala(2)-MePhe(4)-Gly(5)-; Enkephalins; Humans; Hyperalgesia; Nociceptors; Pain; Rats; Receptors, Opioid, delta; Receptors, Opioid, mu; Sensory Receptor Cells | 2022 |
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Topics: Analgesics; Animals; Enkephalin, Methionine; Enkephalins; Ganglia, Spinal; Hyperalgesia; Mice; NAV1.7 Voltage-Gated Sodium Channel; Pain; Rats | 2023 |
Prolonged Dystocic Labor in Neuraxial Analgesia and the Role of Enkephalin Neurotransmitters: An Experimental Study.
Topics: Analgesia; Cesarean Section; Dystocia; Enkephalins; Female; Humans; Neurotransmitter Agents; Pain; Pregnancy | 2023 |
Nav1.7 is essential for nociceptor action potentials in the mouse in a manner independent of endogenous opioids.
Topics: Action Potentials; Analgesics, Opioid; Animals; Enkephalins; Ganglia, Spinal; Humans; Mice; NAV1.7 Voltage-Gated Sodium Channel; Nociceptors; Opioid Peptides; Pain; Sensory Receptor Cells | 2023 |
Proenkephalin deletion in hematopoietic cells induces intestinal barrier failure resulting in clinical feature similarities with irritable bowel syndrome in mice.
Topics: Analgesics, Opioid; Animals; Enkephalins; Humans; Inflammation; Irritable Bowel Syndrome; Mice; Pain | 2023 |
Saccharin and naltrexone prevent increased pain sensitivity and impaired long-term memory induced by repetitive neonatal noxious stimulation: role of BDNF and enkephalin.
Topics: Analgesics; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor; Enkephalins; Hippocampus; Male; Maze Learning; Memory, Long-Term; Naltrexone; Narcotic Antagonists; Pain; Pain Threshold; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Saccharin | 2021 |
Functional and Anatomical Characterization of Corticotropin-Releasing Factor Receptor Subtypes of the Rat Spinal Cord Involved in Somatic Pain Relief.
Topics: Acenaphthenes; Amphibian Proteins; Animals; Arthritis, Experimental; Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone; Enkephalins; Hyperalgesia; Interneurons; Male; Naloxone; Nociception; Pain; Peptide Hormones; Posterior Horn Cells; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Receptors, Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone; RNA, Messenger; Spinal Cord; Urocortins | 2021 |
Inflammatory-linked changes in CpG island methylation of three opioid peptide genes in a rat model for pain.
Topics: Animals; CpG Islands; Disease Models, Animal; DNA Methylation; Enkephalins; Gene Expression Regulation; Inflammation; Male; Pain; Pro-Opiomelanocortin; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction | 2018 |
Amniotic-fluid ingestion enhances central δ-opioid-induced hypoalgesia in rats in the cold-water tail-flick assay in a repeated-measures design.
Topics: Amniotic Fluid; Analgesics; Analgesics, Opioid; Animals; Cold Temperature; Eating; Enkephalin, Ala(2)-MePhe(4)-Gly(5)-; Enkephalin, D-Penicillamine (2,5)-; Enkephalins; Female; Pain; Pain Measurement; Pain Threshold; Pregnancy; Rats; Rats, Long-Evans; Receptors, Opioid, delta; Water | 2018 |
Blockade of analgesic effects following systemic administration of N-methyl-kyotorphin, NMYR and arginine in mice deficient of preproenkephalin or proopiomelanocortin gene.
Topics: Analgesics; Animals; Arginine; CHO Cells; Cricetulus; Enkephalins; Gene Knockout Techniques; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Neuropeptides; Pain; Pain Management; Pro-Opiomelanocortin; Protein Precursors | 2018 |
nNOS immunoreactivity co-localizes with GABAergic and cholinergic neurons, and associates with β-endorphinergic and met-enkephalinergic opioidergic fibers in rostral ventromedial medulla and A5 of the mouse.
Topics: Animals; beta-Endorphin; Brain Stem; Cholinergic Neurons; Enkephalins; GABAergic Neurons; Male; Medulla Oblongata; Mice; Midbrain Raphe Nuclei; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type I; Pain; Prefrontal Cortex; Receptors, Opioid; Serotonergic Neurons; Serotonin | 2018 |
Spinal distribution of c-Fos activated neurons expressing enkephalin in acute and chronic pain models.
Topics: Analysis of Variance; Animals; Capsaicin; Disease Models, Animal; Enkephalins; Formaldehyde; Freund's Adjuvant; Hyperalgesia; Male; Neurons; Pain; Pain Threshold; Polymers; Protein Precursors; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos; Rats; Rats, Wistar; RNA, Messenger; Spinal Cord; Time Factors | 2014 |
Targeted expression of μ-opioid receptors in a subset of striatal direct-pathway neurons restores opiate reward.
Topics: Analysis of Variance; Animals; Conditioning, Operant; Corpus Striatum; Disease Models, Animal; Dopamine; Enkephalins; Exploratory Behavior; Flow Cytometry; Green Fluorescent Proteins; Mice; Mice, Transgenic; Microdialysis; Morphine; Naloxone; Narcotic Antagonists; Narcotics; Neural Pathways; Neurons; Pain; Pain Measurement; Protein Precursors; Receptors, Opioid, mu; Reward; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome | 2014 |
Gene therapy for trigeminal pain in mice.
Topics: Animals; Enkephalins; Genetic Therapy; Herpesvirus 1, Human; Humans; Mice; Nociceptors; Pain; Pain Management; Protein Precursors; Trigeminal Nuclei | 2014 |
Effect of intravenous general anaesthesia with epidural block on the expression of pre-endogenous opioid peptide genes.
Topics: Abdomen; Adult; Anesthesia, Epidural; Anesthesia, General; Anesthetics, Intravenous; beta-Endorphin; Bupivacaine; Dynorphins; Enkephalin, Leucine; Enkephalins; Female; Fentanyl; Gene Expression; Humans; Male; Midazolam; Middle Aged; Pain; Prospective Studies; Protein Precursors; Radioimmunoassay; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; RNA, Messenger; Vecuronium Bromide | 2014 |
Potent biphalin analogs with µ/δ mixed opioid activity: in vivo and in vitro biological evaluation.
Topics: Analgesics, Opioid; Animals; Cells, Cultured; Enkephalins; Male; Molecular Structure; Pain; Protein Binding; Rats, Wistar; Receptors, Opioid, delta; Receptors, Opioid, mu | 2014 |
Biphalin analogs containing β(3)-homo-amino acids at the 4,4' positions: Synthesis and opioid activity profiles.
Topics: Amino Acids; Analgesics, Opioid; Animals; Enkephalins; Male; Pain; Peptides; Protein Binding; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Receptors, Opioid, delta | 2015 |
[Parametric optimization of electroacupuncture against bone-cancer pain in rats and its intervention on mRNA expression of opioid receptor and precursor].
Topics: Acupuncture Analgesia; Acupuncture Points; Animals; Bone Neoplasms; Electroacupuncture; Enkephalins; Female; Ganglia, Spinal; Humans; Pain; Pain Management; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, Opioid | 2015 |
Preparation of a pipette tip-based molecularly imprinted solid-phase microextraction monolith by epitope approach and its application for determination of enkephalins in human cerebrospinal fluid.
Topics: Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Enkephalin, Leucine; Enkephalin, Methionine; Enkephalins; Epitopes; Equipment Design; Humans; Limit of Detection; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; Molecular Imprinting; Neoplasms; Pain; Polymers; Reproducibility of Results; Solid Phase Microextraction; Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization; Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; Surface Properties | 2015 |
Sensory Neuropeptides and Endogenous Opioids Expression in Human Dental Pulp with Asymptomatic Inflammation: In Vivo Study.
Topics: Adolescent; Analgesics, Opioid; beta-Endorphin; Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide; Child; Dental Pulp; Enkephalins; Female; Humans; Inflammation; Male; Methionine; Molar; Neuropeptides; Orthodontics; Pain; Pilot Projects; Radioimmunoassay; Substance P | 2015 |
[ROLE PHOSPHOINOSITID SIGNALING PATHWAY IN OPIOIDS CONTROL OF P2X3 RECEPTORS IN THE PRIMARY SENSORY NEURONS].
Topics: Action Potentials; Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Enkephalins; Enzyme Inhibitors; Estrenes; Ganglia, Spinal; Gene Expression; Naloxone; Nociception; Nociceptors; Pain; Patch-Clamp Techniques; Pertussis Toxin; Phosphatidylinositols; Primary Cell Culture; Protein Kinase C; Pyrrolidinones; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Receptors, Purinergic P2X3; Signal Transduction; Staurosporine; Type C Phospholipases | 2015 |
Enkephalin analogues with N-phenyl-N-(piperidin-2-ylmethyl)propionamide derivatives: Synthesis and biological evaluations.
Topics: Amides; Analgesics; Animals; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Enkephalins; Guinea Pigs; Humans; Ileum; Ligands; Mice; Molecular Structure; Pain; Piperidines; Rats; Receptors, Opioid, delta; Receptors, Opioid, mu; Structure-Activity Relationship | 2016 |
Endogenous analgesia mediated by CD4(+) T lymphocytes is dependent on enkephalins in mice.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Analgesia; Animals; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes; Enkephalins; Male; Mice; Mice, 129 Strain; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Knockout; Pain; Pain Measurement; Rabbits; Random Allocation | 2016 |
Local intramuscular injection of a plasmid encoding human proenkepahlin attenuates incision pain in rats.
Topics: Animals; Enkephalins; Genetic Therapy; Injections, Intramuscular; Male; Pain; Pain Management; Pain Threshold; Plasmids; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley | 2016 |
Nonviral vector plasmid DNA encoding human proenkephalin gene attenuates inflammatory and neuropathic pain-related behaviors in mice.
Topics: Adjuvants, Immunologic; Animals; Behavior, Animal; DNA; Enkephalins; Freund's Adjuvant; Genetic Therapy; Genetic Vectors; Humans; Hyperalgesia; Inflammation; Injections, Intramuscular; Injections, Spinal; Neuralgia; Pain; Pain Management; Plasmids; Protein Precursors; Sciatic Nerve | 2016 |
Mu and delta opioid receptor knockout mice show increased colonic sensitivity.
Topics: Analgesics, Opioid; Animals; Colitis; Dextran Sulfate; Dynorphins; Enkephalins; Female; Interleukin-1beta; Male; Mice; Mice, Knockout; Pain; Pain Management; Protein Precursors; Receptors, Opioid, delta; Receptors, Opioid, mu; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha | 2017 |
A Brainstem-Spinal Cord Inhibitory Circuit for Mechanical Pain Modulation by GABA and Enkephalins.
Topics: Animals; Brain Stem; Enkephalins; GABAergic Neurons; Interneurons; Medulla Oblongata; Mice, Transgenic; Neural Pathways; Pain; Spinal Cord; Spinal Cord Dorsal Horn | 2017 |
[Periaqueductal gray administration of HSV-I amplicon vector-mediated HPPE gene therapy of nocicepion in rats with formalin-induced pain].
Topics: Animals; Enkephalins; Formaldehyde; Gene Transfer Techniques; Genetic Therapy; Genetic Vectors; Herpesvirus 1, Human; Male; Microinjections; Nociceptors; Pain; Pain Management; Periaqueductal Gray; Protein Precursors; Random Allocation; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley | 2008 |
Opioids modulate pain facilitation from the dorsal reticular nucleus.
Topics: Analgesics, Opioid; Animals; Arthritis; Behavior, Animal; Efferent Pathways; Enkephalins; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Humans; Male; Neurons; Pain; Pain Measurement; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Receptors, GABA-B; Receptors, Opioid; Receptors, Opioid, delta; Receptors, Opioid, mu; Reticular Formation | 2008 |
Preproenkephalin mRNA is expressed in a subpopulation of GABAergic neurons in the spinal dorsal horn of the GAD67-GFP knock-in mouse.
Topics: Animals; Enkephalins; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamate Decarboxylase; Green Fluorescent Proteins; Mice; Mice, Knockout; Pain; Posterior Horn Cells; Protein Precursors; RNA, Messenger; Spinal Cord | 2008 |
Differential regulation of morphine antinociceptive effects by endogenous enkephalinergic system in the forebrain of mice.
Topics: Analgesics; Animals; Enkephalins; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Gene Expression Regulation; Mice; Mice, Knockout; Morphine; Pain; Pain Threshold; Prosencephalon; Protein Precursors; Receptors, Opioid, mu | 2008 |
Peripheral antinociceptive effects of mu- and delta-opioid receptor agonists in NOS2 and NOS1 knockout mice during chronic inflammatory pain.
Topics: Analgesics; Animals; Chronic Disease; Edema; Enkephalins; Freund's Adjuvant; Hyperalgesia; Inflammation; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Knockout; Morphine; Neurotransmitter Agents; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type I; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; Pain; Receptors, Opioid, delta; Receptors, Opioid, mu; Time Factors | 2009 |
Dynamic of migration of HSV-1 from a medullary pronociceptive centre: antinociception by overexpression of the preproenkephalin transgene.
Topics: Animals; Axonal Transport; Brain; Cytomegalovirus; Enkephalins; Genetic Therapy; Genetic Vectors; Herpesvirus 1, Human; Humans; Lac Operon; Male; Medulla Oblongata; Neural Pathways; Nociceptors; Pain; Pain Management; Pain Measurement; Protein Precursors; Rats; Reaction Time; Reticular Formation; Transgenes; Treatment Outcome | 2008 |
Enkephalin derivative, cyclo[Nepsilon,Nbeta-carbonyl-D-Lys2, Dap5] enkephalinamide (cUENK6), induces a highly potent antinociception in rats.
Topics: Analgesics; Animals; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Tolerance; Enkephalins; Morphine; Pain; Rats; Receptors, Opioid | 2009 |
Intrathecal transplantation of autologous macrophages genetically modified to secrete proenkephalin ameliorated hyperalgesia and allodynia following peripheral nerve injury in rats.
Topics: Animals; Cells, Cultured; Enkephalin, Methionine; Enkephalins; Hot Temperature; Humans; Hyperalgesia; Injections, Spinal; Macrophages; Male; Pain; Pain Management; Pain Measurement; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Wistar; RNA, Messenger; Sciatic Neuropathy; Spinal Cord; Time Factors; Transfection; Transplantation, Autologous | 2009 |
Freezing of enkephalinergic functions by multiple noxious foci: a source of pain sensitization?
Topics: Animals; Enkephalin, Methionine; Enkephalins; Extremities; Male; Neural Inhibition; Pain; Protein Precursors; Rabbits; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Spinal Cord; Trigeminal Caudal Nucleus; Trigeminal Nucleus, Spinal | 2009 |
Minocycline reduces the injury-induced expression of prodynorphin and pronociceptin in the dorsal root ganglion in a rat model of neuropathic pain.
Topics: Animals; Central Nervous System Agents; Disease Models, Animal; Enkephalins; Ganglia, Spinal; Lumbar Vertebrae; Male; Minocycline; Neuroimmunomodulation; Pain; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Receptors, Opioid; RNA, Messenger; Sciatic Neuropathy; Spinal Cord | 2010 |
Direct evidence for the ongoing brain activation by enhanced dynorphinergic system in the spinal cord under inflammatory noxious stimuli.
Topics: Animals; Behavior, Animal; Brain; Brain Chemistry; Dynorphins; Enkephalins; Freund's Adjuvant; Immunohistochemistry; Inflammation; Injections, Spinal; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Knockout; Pain; Protein Precursors; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; RNA; Spinal Cord; Synaptic Transmission | 2010 |
Structural and pharmacological characteristics of chimeric peptides derived from peptide E and beta-endorphin reveal the crucial role of the C-terminal YGGFL and YKKGE motifs in their analgesic properties.
Topics: Amino Acid Motifs; Amino Acid Sequence; Analgesics; Animals; beta-Endorphin; Circular Dichroism; Enkephalins; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Mice; Molecular Sequence Data; Pain; Peptides; Structure-Activity Relationship | 2010 |
Nociceptive stimulation induces expression of Arc/Arg3.1 in the spinal cord with a preference for neurons containing enkephalin.
Topics: Animals; Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor; Cytoskeletal Proteins; Electric Stimulation; Enkephalins; Hot Temperature; Male; Mice; Mice, Knockout; Nerve Tissue Proteins; Nociceptors; Pain; Pain Threshold; Posterior Horn Cells; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Spinal Cord; Synaptic Transmission | 2010 |
Lack of a rewarding effect and a locomotor-enhancing effect of the selective μ-opioid receptor agonist amidino-TAPA.
Topics: Analgesics, Opioid; Animals; Enkephalins; Injections, Subcutaneous; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Knockout; Morphine; Motor Activity; Oligopeptides; Pain; Protein Precursors; Receptors, Opioid, mu; Reward; Time Factors | 2010 |
Increases in mRNA and DREAM protein expression in the rat spinal cord after formalin induced pain.
Topics: Animals; Enkephalins; Formaldehyde; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Kv Channel-Interacting Proteins; Male; Pain; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; RNA, Messenger; Spinal Cord | 2011 |
[Effect of acupotomy lysis on hypothalamic POMC mRNA and PPE mRNA expression in rats with 3rd lumbar vertebrae transverse process syndrome].
Topics: Acupuncture Analgesia; Acupuncture Points; Animals; Electroacupuncture; Enkephalins; Gene Expression; Humans; Hypothalamus; Lumbar Vertebrae; Male; Pain; Pain Management; Pro-Opiomelanocortin; Protein Precursors; Random Allocation; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; RNA, Messenger; Spinal Cord Diseases | 2010 |
BAM8-22 peptide produces itch and nociceptive sensations in humans independent of histamine release.
Topics: Adult; Animals; Cattle; Enkephalins; Female; Histamine Release; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Pain; Peptide Fragments; Protein Precursors; Pruritus; Sensation; Young Adult | 2011 |
Immune conditions associated with CD4+ T effector-induced opioid release and analgesia.
Topics: Adaptive Immunity; Analgesia; Animals; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes; Cells, Cultured; Enkephalins; Inflammation; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Mice, Nude; Opioid Peptides; Pain; Protein Precursors | 2012 |
The analgesic activity of biphalin and its analog AM 94 in rats.
Topics: Analgesics; Animals; Disease Models, Animal; Enkephalins; Injections, Intravenous; Injections, Intraventricular; Male; Naloxone; Narcotic Antagonists; Oligopeptides; Pain; Piperazines; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Time Factors | 2012 |
δ-Opioid receptor agonist SNC80 induces central antinociception mediated by Ca2+ -activated Cl- channels.
Topics: Analgesics, Opioid; Animals; Benzamides; Benzomorphans; Calcium; Cations; Chloride Channels; Enkephalins; Hot Temperature; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred Strains; Niflumic Acid; Pain; Pain Threshold; Piperazines; Receptors, Opioid, delta; Receptors, Opioid, kappa; Receptors, Opioid, mu | 2012 |
Stress-induced preproenkephalin mRNA expression in the amygdala changes during early ontogeny in the rat.
Topics: Aging; Amygdala; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Enkephalins; Male; Neural Pathways; Neurons; Pain; Periaqueductal Gray; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Long-Evans; RNA, Messenger; Sex Factors; Social Behavior; Stress, Psychological | 2002 |
Antinociceptive effects of hydromorphone, bupivacaine and biphalin released from PLGA polymer after intrathecal implantation in rats.
Topics: Analgesics; Animals; Bupivacaine; Drug Delivery Systems; Drug Implants; Enkephalins; Hydromorphone; Injections, Spinal; Lactic Acid; Male; Pain; Pain Measurement; Polyglycolic Acid; Polylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid Copolymer; Polymers; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley | 2003 |
Transgene-mediated enkephalin release enhances the effect of morphine and evades tolerance to produce a sustained antiallodynic effect in neuropathic pain.
Topics: Animals; Area Under Curve; Disease Models, Animal; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Tolerance; Enkephalins; Ganglia, Spinal; Genetic Vectors; Immunohistochemistry; Ligation; Male; Morphine; Naloxone; Narcotic Antagonists; Oncogene Proteins v-fos; Pain; Pain Measurement; Pain Threshold; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; Simplexvirus; Spinal Cord Diseases; Time Factors; Transgenes | 2003 |
Antinociceptive effects of RB101(S), a complete inhibitor of enkephalin-catabolizing enzymes, are enhanced by (+)-HA966, a functional NMDA receptor antagonist: a c-Fos study in the rat spinal cord.
Topics: Analgesics; Animals; Carrageenan; Disulfides; Drug Therapy, Combination; Enkephalins; Enzyme Inhibitors; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Immunohistochemistry; Inflammation; Male; Naloxone; Narcotic Antagonists; Pain; Phenylalanine; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos; Pyrrolidinones; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; Spinal Cord | 2003 |
Heme oxygenase type 2 modulates behavioral and molecular changes during chronic exposure to morphine.
Topics: Animals; Drug Administration Schedule; Drug Tolerance; Enkephalins; Gene Expression; Heme Oxygenase (Decyclizing); Hyperalgesia; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Knockout; Morphine; Nitric Oxide Synthase; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type I; Pain; Protein Precursors; Reaction Time; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; RNA, Messenger; Spinal Cord | 2003 |
Development of HSV-mediated gene transfer for the treatment of chronic pain.
Topics: Animals; Chronic Disease; Disease Models, Animal; Enkephalins; Ganglia, Spinal; Gene Transfer Techniques; Genetic Therapy; Genetic Vectors; Humans; Ligation; Pain; Pain Management; Pain Measurement; Pain Threshold; Protein Precursors; Rats; Simplexvirus; Time Factors | 2003 |
Nonopioidergic mechanism mediating morphine-induced antianalgesia in the mouse spinal cord.
Topics: Analgesia; Animals; beta-Endorphin; Dizocilpine Maleate; Drug Interactions; Drug Tolerance; Dynorphins; Enkephalins; Male; Mice; Morphine; Naloxone; Naltrexone; Oligopeptides; Pain; Pain Measurement; Receptors, Opioid, delta; Receptors, Opioid, kappa; Receptors, Opioid, mu; Spinal Cord; Substance P | 2004 |
Antinociceptive structure-activity studies with enkephalin-based opioid glycopeptides.
Topics: Analgesics; Animals; Disease Models, Animal; Enkephalins; Glycopeptides; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred ICR; Opioid Peptides; Pain; Pain Measurement; Structure-Activity Relationship | 2004 |
Behavioral phenotype of pre-proenkephalin-deficient mice on diverse congenic backgrounds.
Topics: Acetic Acid; Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Analgesia; Animals; Anti-Anxiety Agents; Anxiety; Behavior, Animal; Enkephalins; Hot Temperature; Interpersonal Relations; Male; Mice; Mice, Congenic; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Inbred DBA; Mice, Knockout; Motor Activity; Mutation; Pain; Pain Measurement; Phenotype; Protein Precursors; Reaction Time; Reflex, Startle; Stress, Psychological; Swimming | 2004 |
Spinal NF-kB activation induces COX-2 upregulation and contributes to inflammatory pain hypersensitivity.
Topics: Animals; Cyclooxygenase 2; Enkephalins; Enzyme Inhibitors; Freund's Adjuvant; Gene Expression; Hindlimb; Hyperalgesia; Inflammation; Injections, Spinal; Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist Protein; Interleukin-1; Isoenzymes; Male; NF-kappa B; Pain; Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; RNA, Messenger; Sialoglycoproteins; Spinal Cord; Up-Regulation | 2004 |
Porcine chromaffin cells, culture, and transplant for antinociceptive effects in rodents and primates.
Topics: Animals; Behavior, Animal; Catecholamines; Cell Transplantation; Cells, Cultured; Chromaffin Cells; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Enkephalins; Haplorhini; In Vitro Techniques; Male; Nicotine; Nicotinic Agonists; Pain; Pain Measurement; Radioimmunoassay; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Swine; Time Factors; Transplantation, Heterologous | 2004 |
Effects of intrathecal BAM22 on noxious stimulus-evoked c-fos expression in the rat spinal dorsal horn.
Topics: Animals; Cattle; Cell Count; Drug Interactions; Enkephalin, Methionine; Enkephalins; Formaldehyde; Gene Expression Regulation; Hot Temperature; Immunohistochemistry; Male; Morphine; Naloxone; Narcotic Antagonists; Narcotics; Neurons; Pain; Pain Measurement; Physical Stimulation; Protein Precursors; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Spinal Cord | 2004 |
Experimental tooth movement upregulates preproenkephalin mRNA in the rat trigeminal nucleus caudalis and oralis.
Topics: Afferent Pathways; Animals; Disease Models, Animal; Enkephalins; Functional Laterality; Male; Neural Inhibition; Nociceptors; Orthodontic Appliances; Pain; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; RNA, Messenger; Tooth; Trigeminal Caudal Nucleus; Up-Regulation | 2005 |
Gene gun particle encoding preproenkephalin cDNA produces analgesia against capsaicin-induced bladder pain in rats.
Topics: Analgesia; Animals; Biolistics; Capsaicin; DNA, Complementary; Enkephalins; Female; Humans; Pain; Pain Management; Plasmids; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Urinary Bladder | 2005 |
Genetically engineered human mesenchymal stem cells produce met-enkephalin at augmented higher levels in vitro.
Topics: Analgesics; Analgesics, Opioid; Cell Proliferation; Cells, Cultured; DNA; Enkephalin, Methionine; Enkephalins; Gene Expression Regulation; Gene Fusion; Genetic Engineering; Genetic Vectors; Green Fluorescent Proteins; Humans; Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation; Mesenchymal Stem Cells; Pain; Protein Precursors; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; Transfection | 2006 |
Vector-mediated gene transfer to express inhibitory neurotransmitters in dorsal root ganglion reduces pain in a rodent model of lumbar radiculopathy.
Topics: Animals; Enkephalins; Foot; Ganglia, Spinal; Gene Transfer Techniques; Genetic Vectors; Glutamate Decarboxylase; Hyperesthesia; Injections, Subcutaneous; Ligation; Lumbosacral Region; Pain; Protein Precursors; Radiculopathy; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Simplexvirus; Spinal Nerve Roots | 2006 |
[Intrathecal administration of HSV-I amplicon vector-mediated HPPE gene therapy of nocicepion in rats with formalin pain].
Topics: Animals; Enkephalins; Formaldehyde; Gene Transfer Techniques; Genetic Therapy; Genetic Vectors; Herpesvirus 1, Human; Humans; Injections, Spinal; Male; Nociceptors; Pain; Pain Management; Protein Precursors; Random Allocation; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley | 2006 |
[Differential reversal effect of intrathecal bovine adrenal medulla peptide 22 on morphine tolerance in rats].
Topics: Animals; Drug Tolerance; Enkephalins; Morphine; Pain; Peptide Fragments; Rats; Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled | 2006 |
Xendorphin B1, a novel opioid-like peptide determined from a Xenopus laevis brain cDNA library, produces opioid antinociception after spinal administration in amphibians.
Topics: Amphibians; Animals; Brain; Brain Chemistry; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Enkephalins; Gene Library; Neuropeptides; Nociceptors; Opioid Peptides; Pain; Pain Threshold; Peptide Hormones; Protein Precursors; Rana pipiens; Spinal Cord; Xenopus laevis; Xenopus Proteins | 2007 |
Arginine vasopressin induces periaqueductal gray release of enkephalin and endorphin relating to pain modulation in the rat.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Animals; Arginine Vasopressin; beta-Endorphin; Choline; Dopamine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Endorphins; Enkephalin, Leucine; Enkephalin, Methionine; Enkephalins; Epinephrine; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Male; Norepinephrine; Opioid Peptides; Oxytocin; Pain; Pain Threshold; Periaqueductal Gray; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Serotonin | 2007 |
A tarantula peptide against pain via ASIC1a channels and opioid mechanisms.
Topics: Acid Sensing Ion Channels; Analgesics; Animals; Area Under Curve; Behavior, Animal; Disease Models, Animal; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Enkephalins; Membrane Proteins; Mice; Mice, Knockout; Morphine; Naloxone; Naltrexone; Narcotic Antagonists; Nerve Tissue Proteins; Neurons; Pain; Pain Measurement; Peptides; Protein Precursors; Reaction Time; Sodium Channels; Spider Venoms; Spinal Cord; Time Factors | 2007 |
Involvement of spinal Met-enkephalin in nicotine-induced antinociception in mice.
Topics: Analgesics; Animals; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Down-Regulation; Dynorphins; Enkephalin, Methionine; Enkephalins; Male; Mecamylamine; Mice; Mice, Inbred ICR; Naloxone; Narcotic Antagonists; Nicotine; Nicotinic Agonists; Nicotinic Antagonists; Nociceptors; Pain; Pain Measurement; Pain Threshold; Posterior Horn Cells; Pro-Opiomelanocortin; Protein Precursors; RNA, Messenger | 2008 |
Joint capsule treatment with enkephalin-encoding HSV-1 recombinant vector reduces inflammatory damage and behavioural sequelae in rat CFA monoarthritis.
Topics: Animals; Arthritis, Experimental; Behavior, Animal; Enkephalins; Freund's Adjuvant; Gene Targeting; Genetic Vectors; Herpesvirus 1, Human; Inflammation; Inflammation Mediators; Joint Capsule; Male; Pain; Pain Measurement; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley | 2008 |
Interactions between cardiovascular and pain regulatory systems.
Topics: Afferent Pathways; Animals; Blood Pressure; Brain; Cardiovascular System; Enkephalins; Hemodynamics; Humans; Neural Inhibition; Nociceptors; Pain; Peripheral Nerves; Pressoreceptors; Rats; Receptors, Opioid; Reflex; Sensory Thresholds; Spinal Cord; Vagus Nerve | 1984 |
[Pain perception and influence possibilities].
Topics: Analgesics, Opioid; Endorphins; Enkephalins; Humans; Nociceptors; Pain | 1980 |
Opiate receptor antagonism by L-prolyl-L-leucyl-glycinamide, MIF-I.
Topics: Animals; Cyclazocine; Enkephalin, Leucine; Enkephalins; Ethylketocyclazocine; Female; Ileum; In Vitro Techniques; Male; Mice; Morphine; Motor Activity; MSH Release-Inhibiting Hormone; Muscle Contraction; Pain; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Receptors, Opioid; Vas Deferens | 1980 |
On the etiopathogenesis of migraine: a possible link between the amines and endorphin hypotheses.
Topics: Adult; Clonidine; Dopamine; Endorphins; Enkephalin, Methionine; Enkephalins; Female; Histamine; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Migraine Disorders; Neurotransmitter Agents; Norepinephrine; Pain; Premedication; Prolactin; Sensory Thresholds; Serotonin; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome | 1982 |
Opiates and pain pathways: demonstration of enkephalin synapses on dorsal horn projection neurons.
Topics: Animals; Cats; Endorphins; Enkephalins; Horseradish Peroxidase; Neural Pathways; Neurotransmitter Agents; Pain; Spinal Cord; Thalamus | 1982 |
The anatomy and psychopharmacology of chronic pain.
Topics: Analgesia; Anti-Anxiety Agents; Antidepressive Agents; Antipsychotic Agents; Benzodiazepines; Brain; Chronic Disease; Enkephalins; Humans; Neurotransmitter Agents; Pain; Phenothiazines; Sensory Thresholds; Serotonin; Sleep; Spinal Cord | 1982 |
[GABA-ergic component in the mechanism of action of narcotic analgesics and enkephalin analogs].
Topics: Analgesics, Opioid; Animals; Brain; Drug Interactions; Endorphins; Enkephalins; GABA Antagonists; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Male; Pain; Rats; Sensory Thresholds | 1982 |
Pain.
Topics: Animals; Brain; Endorphins; Enkephalins; Humans; Pain; Substance P | 1980 |
Substance P, morphine and methionine-enkephalin: effects on spontaneous and evoked neuronal firing in the nucleus reticularis gigantocellularis of the rat.
Topics: Animals; Endorphins; Enkephalin, Methionine; Enkephalins; Male; Medulla Oblongata; Morphine; Neurotransmitter Agents; Pain; Pressure; Rats; Substance P | 1980 |
Brain peptides (second of two parts).
Topics: Acupuncture Therapy; Animals; Body Temperature Regulation; Brain; Brain Diseases; Cerebrospinal Fluid; Cholecystokinin; Endorphins; Enkephalins; Epilepsy; Feeding Behavior; Humans; Learning; Memory; Nervous System Diseases; Neurotransmitter Agents; Pain; Peptides; Pituitary Hormones; Substance P; Synaptic Transmission | 1981 |
Neuropeptides and monoaminergic neurotransmitters: their relation to pain.
Topics: Analgesia; Angiotensin II; beta-Endorphin; Cholecystokinin; Endorphins; Enkephalins; Humans; Neurotensin; Neurotransmitter Agents; Pain; Peptides; Somatostatin; Substance P | 1980 |
Descending control of pain transmission: possible serotonergic-enkephalinergic interactions.
Topics: Analgesia; Animals; Axonal Transport; Brain; Cats; Electric Stimulation; Endorphins; Enkephalins; Pain; Raphe Nuclei; Serotonin; Spinal Cord; Synaptic Transmission | 1981 |
Transmitters involved in central processing of nociceptive information.
Topics: Animals; Enkephalins; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glycine; Humans; Neural Inhibition; Neurons, Afferent; Neurotransmitter Agents; Norepinephrine; Pain; Serotonin; Spinal Cord; Spinal Nerve Roots; Substance P; Synaptic Transmission | 1982 |
Dental pain. 2. Neuropharmacology and biochemistry.
Topics: Endorphins; Enkephalins; Humans; Neurotransmitter Agents; Pain; Prostaglandins; Receptors, Opioid; Substance P; Toothache | 1983 |
Peptides and nociception.
Topics: Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Animals; beta-Endorphin; Bombesin; Bradykinin; Cholecystokinin; Dynorphins; Endorphins; Enkephalins; Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormones; Mice; Nervous System; Neurotensin; Pain; Peptide Fragments; Peptides; Rats; Somatostatin; Substance P; Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone; Vasopressins | 1984 |
Pain, enkephalin and acupuncture.
Topics: Acupuncture Therapy; Brain Stem; Endorphins; Enkephalins; Morphine; Neural Inhibition; Pain; Receptors, Opioid; Spinal Cord; Synaptic Transmission | 1980 |
Pain sensitivity and opioid activity in genetically and experimentally hypertensive rats.
Topics: Animals; Blood Pressure; Brain; Desoxycorticosterone; Enkephalins; Hypertension; Hypertension, Renal; Male; Naloxone; Pain; Pituitary Gland; Rats; Receptors, Opioid; Spinal Cord | 1980 |
Endogenous opioid systems in brain.
Topics: Animals; Brain; Brain Chemistry; Endorphins; Enkephalins; Humans; Pain; Receptors, Opioid | 1980 |
[Opiate receptors and morphine-like endogenous peptides].
Topics: Analgesia; Endorphins; Enkephalins; Humans; Nociceptors; Pain; Receptors, Opioid | 1980 |
[Endorphins: neuromodulators and hormones (author's transl)].
Topics: Brain; Endorphins; Enkephalins; Humans; Pain; Receptors, Opioid | 1980 |
Endorphins.
Topics: Animals; Behavior, Animal; Brain Chemistry; Endorphins; Enkephalins; Humans; Pain; Receptors, Opioid | 1981 |
Analogues of beta-LPH61-64 possessing selective agonist activity at mu-opiate receptors.
Topics: Animals; Behavior, Animal; beta-Lipotropin; Binding, Competitive; Enkephalin, Ala(2)-MePhe(4)-Gly(5)-; Enkephalins; Guinea Pigs; Ileum; Male; Mice; Muscle Contraction; Naloxone; Pain; Peptide Fragments; Radioligand Assay; Receptors, Opioid; Structure-Activity Relationship; Vas Deferens | 1981 |
Cyclic AMP, morphine, met-enkephalin and neuronal firing.
Topics: 4-(3-Butoxy-4-methoxybenzyl)-2-imidazolidinone; Action Potentials; Animals; Cyclic AMP; Endorphins; Enkephalin, Methionine; Enkephalins; Male; Mesencephalon; Morphine; Neurons; Pain; Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains | 1981 |
[Analgesics and pain therapy].
Topics: Analgesics; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Endorphins; Enkephalins; Humans; Pain; Synaptic Transmission | 1981 |
Stress reactions and endorphinergic systems.
Topics: Body Temperature Regulation; Brain; Endorphins; Enkephalins; Humans; Pain; Psychophysiologic Disorders; Receptors, Opioid; Sensory Thresholds; Stress, Physiological | 1982 |
Endorphins and enkephalins.
Topics: Acupuncture Therapy; Animals; Behavior; Blood Pressure; Body Temperature; Brain Chemistry; Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry; Endorphins; Enkephalins; Humans; Pain; Physical Exertion; Pituitary Gland; Pituitary Hormones; Rats; Receptors, Opioid; Substance-Related Disorders | 1982 |
Endogenous opiates and pain.
Topics: Animals; Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry; Endorphins; Enkephalins; Guinea Pigs; Haplorhini; Humans; Mice; Naloxone; Pain; Pain Management; Rats; Receptors, Opioid | 1982 |
Role of opioid peptides in brain mechanisms regulating blood pressure.
Topics: Animals; beta-Endorphin; Blood Pressure; Brain; Endorphins; Enkephalins; Heart Rate; Hypertension; Male; Medulla Oblongata; Naloxone; Nociceptors; Pain; Rats; Sensory Thresholds | 1983 |
Enkephalins and endorphins: the endogenous opiates.
Topics: Analgesia; Animals; Brain; Endorphins; Enkephalins; Female; Humans; Male; Nociceptors; Pain; Pregnancy; Receptors, Opioid | 1982 |
D-phenylalanine and other enkephalinase inhibitors as pharmacological agents: implications for some important therapeutic application.
Topics: Acupuncture Therapy; Animals; Drug Tolerance; Enkephalin, Methionine; Enkephalins; Humans; Morphine; Morphine Dependence; Neprilysin; Nociceptors; Pain; Phenylalanine; Protease Inhibitors; Receptors, Opioid | 1982 |
[Neurophysiological mechanisms of pain perception].
Topics: Analgesia; Enkephalins; Humans; Neural Pathways; Neurons; Pain; Perception; Periaqueductal Gray; Spinal Cord; Synaptic Transmission | 1982 |
Pain control by endogenous enkephalins is mediated by mu opioid receptors.
Topics: Amino Acids, Sulfur; Analgesia; Animals; Enkephalin, Methionine; Enkephalins; Leucine; Male; Mice; Pain; Protease Inhibitors; Receptors, Opioid; Receptors, Opioid, mu; Thiorphan; Tiopronin | 1983 |
Neuroanatomy and neurophysiology of pain: nursing implications.
Topics: Analgesics; Brain Stem; Cerebral Cortex; Endorphins; Enkephalins; Humans; Nervous System; Nervous System Physiological Phenomena; Neural Pathways; Pain; Pain Management; Relaxation Therapy; Suggestion | 1983 |
Endogenous opiates.
Topics: Animals; Brain Chemistry; Endorphins; Enkephalins; Humans; Pain | 1984 |
Chronic pain: an addiction.
Topics: Chronic Disease; Endorphins; Enkephalins; Humans; Models, Psychological; Pain | 1984 |
Central and peripheral action of enkephalin analogues.
Topics: Animals; Dogs; Enkephalins; Gastrointestinal Motility; Guinea Pigs; Ileum; Indicators and Reagents; Male; Muscle Contraction; Pain; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Structure-Activity Relationship; Vocalization, Animal | 1983 |
Respiratory, analgesic and endocrine responses to an enkephalin analogue in normal man.
Topics: Adult; Endocrine Glands; Endorphins; Enkephalins; Follicle Stimulating Hormone; Growth Hormone; Humans; Hydrocortisone; Luteinizing Hormone; Male; Pain; Prolactin; Respiration; Sensory Thresholds | 1981 |
The peptidergic organization of the cat periaqueductal gray. I. The distribution of immunoreactive enkephalin-containing neurons and terminals.
Topics: Animals; Cats; Enkephalins; Locus Coeruleus; Neurons; Pain; Periaqueductal Gray; Raphe Nuclei; Rats | 1983 |
Current concepts in pain.
Topics: Endorphins; Enkephalins; Humans; Pain | 1980 |
Pain. The last piece in the puzzle.
Topics: Acupuncture Therapy; Enkephalins; Humans; Morphine; Neural Conduction; Pain; Pain Management | 1981 |
[Effect of met- and leu-enkephalins and their synthetic analog on stimulation and acupunture analgesia].
Topics: Acupuncture Therapy; Analgesia; Animals; Brain Stem; Electric Stimulation Therapy; Endorphins; Enkephalin, Leucine; Enkephalin, Methionine; Enkephalins; Male; Pain; Pain Management; Rats | 1981 |
Effects of various serotoninergic agonists and an antagonist on a nociceptive reaction in mice.
Topics: 5-Hydroxytryptophan; Animals; Cyproheptadine; Enkephalins; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred Strains; Nociceptors; Pain; Quipazine; Reaction Time; Serotonin | 1982 |
Enkephalin and fear-motivated behavior.
Topics: Animals; Avoidance Learning; Behavior, Animal; Electroshock; Endorphins; Enkephalin, Leucine; Enkephalin, Leucine-2-Alanine; Enkephalins; Escape Reaction; Fear; Light; Male; Pain; Perception; Rats; Sensory Thresholds; Visual Perception; Water | 1980 |
[Obesity and the nociceptive reflex (author's transl)].
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Electrophysiology; Endorphins; Enkephalins; Female; Humans; Middle Aged; Obesity; Pain; Sensory Thresholds | 1980 |
Diazepam-induced release of opioid activity in the rat brain.
Topics: Analgesics; Animals; Bacitracin; Brain; Diazepam; Enkephalins; Male; Pain; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Sensory Thresholds | 1980 |
Neural and neurochemical mechanisms of pain inhibition.
Topics: Analgesia; Animals; Brain Stem; Electric Stimulation; Endorphins; Enkephalins; Humans; Neural Inhibition; Pain; Spinal Cord; Stimulation, Chemical | 1982 |
Opiate vs non-opiate footshock induced analgesia (FSIA): descending and intraspinal components.
Topics: Analgesia; Animals; Central Nervous System; Electroshock; Enkephalins; Forelimb; Hindlimb; Male; Morphine; Pain; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Spinal Cord | 1982 |
The characteristics of the opioid-related analgesia induced by the stress of swimming in the mouse.
Topics: Animals; Enkephalins; Male; Mice; Pain; Physical Exertion; Stress, Physiological; Swimming; Temperature | 1982 |
[Effect of prostaglandins, cyclic nucleotides and ions on the analgesic effect of enkephalin analogs].
Topics: Analgesia; Animals; Electric Stimulation; Enkephalins; Ions; Nucleotides, Cyclic; Pain; Prostaglandins E, Synthetic; Rats; Sensory Thresholds; Vocalization, Animal | 1982 |
The role of the pituitary in the diurnal variation in tolerance to painful stimuli and brain enkephalin levels.
Topics: Animals; Brain; Circadian Rhythm; Endorphins; Enkephalin, Methionine; Enkephalins; Humans; Hypophysectomy; Male; Mice; Naloxone; Pain; Pituitary Gland; Prolactin; Rats; Stress, Psychological | 1981 |
Enkephalin-immunoreactive perikarya in the cat raphe dorsalis.
Topics: Animals; Brain Stem; Cats; Endorphins; Enkephalins; Histocytochemistry; Neurons; Pain; Raphe Nuclei; Serotonin | 1981 |
Differential effects of systemic versus intracranial injection of opiates on central, orofacial and lower body nociception: somatotypy in bulbar analgesia systems.
Topics: Animals; Brain Mapping; Endorphins; Enkephalins; Escape Reaction; Male; Mesencephalon; Morphine; Pain; Rats; Reticular Formation | 1980 |
[Pain experience and pain reactions].
Topics: Endorphins; Enkephalins; Humans; Pain | 1981 |
Endogenous morphines and pain.
Topics: Animals; Behavior, Animal; Brain; Endorphins; Enkephalins; Morphine; Naloxone; Pain; Rats | 1981 |
Morphine and methionine-enkephalin: different effects on spontaneous and evoked neuronal firing in the mesencephalic reticular formation of the rat.
Topics: Action Potentials; Animals; Endorphins; Enkephalin, Methionine; Enkephalins; Evoked Potentials; Iontophoresis; Male; Mesencephalon; Morphine; Neurons; Pain; Rats; Reticular Formation | 1980 |
Recent advances in understanding pain.
Topics: Animals; Brain; Enkephalins; Neural Inhibition; Pain; Rats | 1980 |
Differential effects of intracerebrally microinjected enkephalin analogs on centrally versus peripherally induced pain, and evidence for a facial versus lower body analgesic effect.
Topics: Animals; Cerebral Cortex; Electric Stimulation; Endorphins; Enkephalins; Face; Injections, Intraventricular; Male; Microinjections; Naloxone; Nociceptors; Pain; Rats | 1980 |
Spinal co-administration of peptide substance P antagonist increases antinociceptive effect of the opioid peptide biphalin.
Topics: Analgesics; Animals; Drug Synergism; Enkephalins; Injections, Spinal; Male; Naltrexone; Pain; Pain Measurement; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Substance P | 1994 |
Contrasting actions of intrathecal U50,488H, morphine, or [D-Pen2, D-Pen5] enkephalin or intravenous U50,488H on the visceromotor response to colorectal distension in the rat.
Topics: 3,4-Dichloro-N-methyl-N-(2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-cyclohexyl)-benzeneacetamide, (trans)-Isomer; Analgesics; Animals; Colon; Enkephalin, D-Penicillamine (2,5)-; Enkephalins; Injections, Intravenous; Injections, Spinal; Male; Morphine; Muscle Contraction; Pain; Pyrrolidines; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Rectum | 1995 |
Visceral antinociceptive effects of spinal clonidine combined with morphine, [D-Pen2, D-Pen5] enkephalin, or U50,488H.
Topics: 3,4-Dichloro-N-methyl-N-(2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-cyclohexyl)-benzeneacetamide, (trans)-Isomer; Analgesics; Animals; Clonidine; Colon; Drug Synergism; Enkephalin, D-Penicillamine (2,5)-; Enkephalins; Injections, Spinal; Male; Morphine; Muscle Contraction; Pain; Pyrrolidines; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Rectum | 1995 |
Peripheral opioid modulation of pain and inflammation in the formalin test.
Topics: 3,4-Dichloro-N-methyl-N-(2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-cyclohexyl)-benzeneacetamide, (trans)-Isomer; Analgesics; Animals; Behavior, Animal; Enkephalin, Ala(2)-MePhe(4)-Gly(5)-; Enkephalin, D-Penicillamine (2,5)-; Enkephalins; Extravasation of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Materials; Formaldehyde; Inflammation; Injections, Intraperitoneal; Injections, Subcutaneous; Male; Narcotics; Pain; Pyrrolidines; Rats; Receptors, Opioid | 1995 |
Cyclic analogues of Tyr-W-MIF-1 with prolonged analgesic activity and potency comparable to DAMGO and morphine.
Topics: Analgesia; Analgesics; Animals; Cerebral Ventricles; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Enkephalin, Ala(2)-MePhe(4)-Gly(5)-; Enkephalins; Injections, Intraventricular; Male; Morphine; MSH Release-Inhibiting Hormone; Narcotic Antagonists; Pain; Peptides, Cyclic; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Time Factors | 1994 |
Antinociception produced by an ascending spino-supraspinal pathway.
Topics: Analgesics; Animals; Brain Stem; Cerebral Ventricles; Enkephalin, Ala(2)-MePhe(4)-Gly(5)-; Enkephalins; Injections, Intraventricular; Injections, Spinal; Lidocaine; Male; Mice; Microinjections; Models, Neurological; Naloxone; Pain; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Reflex; Spinal Cord; Synapses; Trigeminal Nerve | 1995 |
Potentiation of intrathecal DAMGO antinociception, but not gastrointestinal transit inhibition, by 5-hydroxytryptamine and norepinephrine uptake blockade.
Topics: Animals; Desipramine; Enkephalin, Ala(2)-MePhe(4)-Gly(5)-; Enkephalins; Gastrointestinal Motility; Injections, Spinal; Male; Mice; Norepinephrine; Pain; Receptors, Opioid, mu; Serotonin; Zimeldine | 1995 |
Comparison of prostaglandin E1- and prostaglandin E2-induced hyperalgesia in the rat.
Topics: Alprostadil; Analgesics; Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Dibenz(b,f)(1,4)oxazepine-10(11H)-carboxylic acid, 8-chloro-, 2-acetylhydrazide; Dinoprostone; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Enkephalin, Ala(2)-MePhe(4)-Gly(5)-; Enkephalins; Hindlimb; Hydrazines; Hyperalgesia; Male; Oxazepines; Pain; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley | 1994 |
Evidence that nor-binaltorphimine can function as an antagonist at multiple opioid receptor subtypes.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Analgesics; Animals; Benzeneacetamides; Drug Interactions; Enkephalin, Ala(2)-MePhe(4)-Gly(5)-; Enkephalin, D-Penicillamine (2,5)-; Enkephalin, Leucine; Enkephalins; Injections, Intraventricular; Male; Molecular Sequence Data; Naltrexone; Narcotic Antagonists; Pain; Pain Threshold; Pyrrolidines; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, Opioid, kappa; Somatostatin | 1994 |
Mu and delta opioid synergy between the periaqueductal gray and the rostro-ventral medulla.
Topics: 3,4-Dichloro-N-methyl-N-(2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-cyclohexyl)-benzeneacetamide, (trans)-Isomer; Amino Acid Sequence; Analgesics; Animals; Drug Synergism; Enkephalin, Ala(2)-MePhe(4)-Gly(5)-; Enkephalin, D-Penicillamine (2,5)-; Enkephalins; Male; Medulla Oblongata; Molecular Sequence Data; Oligopeptides; Pain; Periaqueductal Gray; Pyrrolidines; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, Opioid, delta; Receptors, Opioid, mu | 1994 |
Antinociceptive effect of systemic PC 12, a prodrug mixed inhibitor of enkephalin-degrading enzymes, in normal and arthritic rats.
Topics: Aminopeptidases; Analgesics; Animals; Arthritis, Experimental; CD13 Antigens; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Enkephalins; Glycine; Male; Naloxone; Neprilysin; Pain; Pain Measurement; Prodrugs; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Vocalization, Animal | 1993 |
Dissimilar efficacy of opioids to produce mu-mediated analgesia: role of Gx/z and Gi2 transducer proteins.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Analgesia; Analgesics, Opioid; Animals; Cell Membrane; Cerebral Ventricles; Endorphins; Enkephalin, Ala(2)-MePhe(4)-Gly(5)-; Enkephalin, D-Penicillamine (2,5)-; Enkephalin, Leucine-2-Alanine; Enkephalins; GTP Phosphohydrolases; GTP-Binding Proteins; Immunoglobulin G; Injections, Intraventricular; Kinetics; Male; Mice; Molecular Sequence Data; Morphine; Naloxone; Pain; Peptide Fragments; Receptors, Opioid, mu; Signal Transduction | 1994 |
Antinociceptive response induced by mixed inhibitors of enkephalin catabolism in peripheral inflammation.
Topics: Analgesics; Animals; Disulfides; Enkephalins; Hydroxamic Acids; Inflammation; Injections, Intraventricular; Male; Morphine; Naloxone; Narcotic Antagonists; Neprilysin; Pain; Pain Measurement; Phenylalanine; Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley | 1994 |
Subarachnoid morphine reduces stimulation-induced but not basal expression of preproenkephalin in rat spinal cord.
Topics: Animals; Enkephalins; Genes, fos; Male; Morphine; Pain; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Spinal Cord; Subarachnoid Space | 1994 |
The effects of protection by D-Pen2-D-Pen5-enkephalin or D-Ala2-NMePhe4-Gly-ol-enkephalin against beta-chlornaltrexamine in the spinal cord on the antinociception induced by beta-endorphin administered intracerebroventricularly in the mouse.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Analgesics; Animals; beta-Endorphin; Enkephalin, Ala(2)-MePhe(4)-Gly(5)-; Enkephalin, D-Penicillamine (2,5)-; Enkephalins; Injections, Intraventricular; Injections, Spinal; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred ICR; Molecular Sequence Data; Naltrexone; Narcotic Antagonists; Pain; Pain Measurement; Spinal Cord | 1994 |
Activation of a bulbospinal opioidergic projection by pain stimuli in the awake rat.
Topics: Animals; Electric Stimulation; Enkephalins; In Situ Hybridization; Male; Medulla Oblongata; Neural Pathways; Pain; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; RNA, Messenger; Spinal Cord | 1994 |
Age-related changes in the spinal antinociceptive effects of DAGO, DPDPE and beta-endorphin in the rat.
Topics: Aging; Analgesics; Analysis of Variance; Animals; beta-Endorphin; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Enkephalin, Ala(2)-MePhe(4)-Gly(5)-; Enkephalin, D-Penicillamine (2,5)-; Enkephalins; Injections, Spinal; Male; Pain; Rats; Rats, Inbred F344; Spine | 1994 |
U-50,488 blocks the development of morphine tolerance and dependence at a very low dose in guinea pigs.
Topics: 3,4-Dichloro-N-methyl-N-(2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-cyclohexyl)-benzeneacetamide, (trans)-Isomer; Analgesics; Animals; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Synergism; Drug Tolerance; Enkephalin, Ala(2)-MePhe(4)-Gly(5)-; Enkephalins; Guinea Pigs; Male; Morphine; Morphine Dependence; Nociceptors; Pain; Pyrrolidines; Receptors, Opioid, kappa | 1994 |
The use of specific opioid agonists and antagonists to delineate the vagally mediated antinociceptive and cardiovascular effects of intravenous morphine.
Topics: 3,4-Dichloro-N-methyl-N-(2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-cyclohexyl)-benzeneacetamide, (trans)-Isomer; Analysis of Variance; Animals; Blood Pressure; Enkephalin, Ala(2)-MePhe(4)-Gly(5)-; Enkephalin, D-Penicillamine (2,5)-; Enkephalins; Heart Rate; Hexamethonium; Hexamethonium Compounds; Indoles; Injections, Intravenous; Male; Morphinans; Morphine; Naloxone; Naltrexone; Narcotic Antagonists; Narcotics; Pain; Pyrrolidines; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Reference Values; Time Factors; Vagotomy; Vagus Nerve | 1993 |
Cyclic AMP mediates mu and delta, but not kappa opioid analgesia in the spinal cord of the rat.
Topics: Analgesia; Analgesics; Animals; Bucladesine; Cyclic AMP; Dynorphins; Enkephalin, D-Penicillamine (2,5)-; Enkephalins; Injections, Spinal; Male; Morphine; Pain; Peptide Fragments; Radioimmunoassay; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Receptors, Opioid, delta; Receptors, Opioid, kappa; Receptors, Opioid, mu; Spinal Cord; Time Factors | 1993 |
Comparison of intradermal and subcutaneous hyperalgesic effects of inflammatory mediators in the rat.
Topics: Analgesics; Animals; Bradykinin; Dibenz(b,f)(1,4)oxazepine-10(11H)-carboxylic acid, 8-chloro-, 2-acetylhydrazide; Dinoprostone; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Enkephalin, Ala(2)-MePhe(4)-Gly(5)-; Enkephalins; Inflammation; Injections, Intradermal; Injections, Subcutaneous; Male; Pain; Pain Threshold; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley | 1993 |
Antibodies raised against the N-terminal sequence of delta opioid receptors blocked delta-mediated supraspinal antinociception in mice.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Analysis of Variance; Animals; beta-Endorphin; Enkephalin, Ala(2)-MePhe(4)-Gly(5)-; Enkephalin, D-Penicillamine (2,5)-; Enkephalin, Leucine; Enkephalin, Leucine-2-Alanine; Enkephalins; GTP-Binding Proteins; Immunoglobulin G; Immunohistochemistry; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred Strains; Molecular Sequence Data; Morphine; Narcotic Antagonists; Oligopeptides; Pain; Pain Measurement; Protein Binding; Reaction Time; Receptors, Opioid, delta | 1994 |
The antinociceptive and motivational effects of intranigral injection of opioid agonists.
Topics: 3,4-Dichloro-N-methyl-N-(2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-cyclohexyl)-benzeneacetamide, (trans)-Isomer; Analgesics; Analysis of Variance; Animals; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Enkephalin, Ala(2)-MePhe(4)-Gly(5)-; Enkephalin, D-Penicillamine (2,5)-; Enkephalins; Male; Microinjections; Morphine; Morphine Derivatives; Motivation; Pain; Periaqueductal Gray; Pyrrolidines; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Reward; Stereotaxic Techniques; Substantia Nigra; Time Factors | 1993 |
Area tempestas modulates the behavioural responses to nociceptive stimuli in rats.
Topics: 3,4-Dichloro-N-methyl-N-(2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-cyclohexyl)-benzeneacetamide, (trans)-Isomer; Animals; Anticonvulsants; Azocines; Bicuculline; Enkephalin, Ala(2)-MePhe(4)-Gly(5)-; Enkephalin, D-Penicillamine (2,5)-; Enkephalin, Leucine-2-Alanine; Enkephalins; Escape Reaction; Foot; Hot Temperature; Male; Morphine; Naltrexone; Narcotic Antagonists; Olfactory Pathways; Pain; Phenazocine; Pressure; Pyrrolidines; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Reaction Time; Receptors, Opioid; Seizures; Tail | 1993 |
Suppression of nociceptive responses by spinal mu opioid agonists: effects of stimulus intensity and agonist efficacy.
Topics: Animals; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Enkephalins; Hemodynamics; Injections, Spinal; Male; Morphine; Pain; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Sufentanil | 1993 |
Effect of diabetes on the antinociceptive effect of beta-endorphin.
Topics: 3,4-Dichloro-N-methyl-N-(2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-cyclohexyl)-benzeneacetamide, (trans)-Isomer; Analgesics; Animals; beta-Endorphin; Cerebral Ventricles; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Enkephalin, Ala(2)-MePhe(4)-Gly(5)-; Enkephalin, D-Penicillamine (2,5)-; Enkephalins; Injections, Intraventricular; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred ICR; Naltrexone; Narcotic Antagonists; Pain; Pyrrolidines; Reference Values | 1993 |
Opioid agonist properties of two oxime derivatives of naltrexone, NPC 831 and NPC 836.
Topics: 3,4-Dichloro-N-methyl-N-(2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-cyclohexyl)-benzeneacetamide, (trans)-Isomer; Acetates; Analgesics; Animals; Binding, Competitive; Bombesin; Enkephalin, Ala(2)-MePhe(4)-Gly(5)-; Enkephalin, Leucine-2-Alanine; Enkephalins; Guinea Pigs; Ligands; Male; Mice; Naltrexone; Oximes; Pain; Pyrrolidines; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Reaction Time; Receptors, Opioid; Receptors, Opioid, kappa | 1993 |
Antinociception produced by receptor selective opioids. Modulation of supraspinal antinociceptive effects by spinal opioids.
Topics: Analgesics; Animals; Enkephalin, Ala(2)-MePhe(4)-Gly(5)-; Enkephalin, D-Penicillamine (2,5)-; Enkephalins; Injections, Intraventricular; Male; Pain; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, Opioid; Spinal Cord | 1993 |
The highly selective delta agonist BUBU induces an analgesic effect in normal and arthritic rat and this action is not affected by repeated administration of low doses of morphine.
Topics: Analgesics; Animals; Arthritis, Experimental; Drug Administration Schedule; Drug Interactions; Enkephalins; Male; Morphine; Naloxone; Naltrexone; Oligopeptides; Pain; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, Opioid, delta; Reference Values; Vocalization, Animal | 1993 |
Selective opioid receptor agonists modulate mechanical allodynia in an animal model of neuropathic pain.
Topics: Analgesics; Animals; Benzeneacetamides; Benzomorphans; Disease Models, Animal; Drug Interactions; Enkephalin, Ala(2)-MePhe(4)-Gly(5)-; Enkephalins; Male; Naloxone; Naltrexone; Narcotic Antagonists; Oligopeptides; Pain; Pain Measurement; Pain Threshold; Pyrrolidines; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, Opioid; Receptors, Opioid, delta; Receptors, Opioid, kappa; Receptors, Opioid, mu; Vocalization, Animal | 1993 |
Modulation of opioid antinociception by CCK at the supraspinal level: evidence of regulatory mechanisms between CCK and enkephalin systems in the control of pain.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Analgesics; Animals; Cholecystokinin; Disulfides; Endorphins; Enkephalin, Ala(2)-MePhe(4)-Gly(5)-; Enkephalins; Injections, Intraventricular; Male; Mice; Molecular Sequence Data; Oligopeptides; Pain; Pain Measurement; Peptide Fragments; Phenylalanine; Sincalide; Spinal Cord | 1993 |
Molecular mechanisms of pain: serotonin1A receptor agonists trigger transactivation by c-fos of the prodynorphin gene in spinal cord neurons.
Topics: 8-Hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin; Afferent Pathways; Animals; Base Sequence; Cells, Cultured; Denervation; Enkephalins; Gene Expression Regulation; Genes; Molecular Sequence Data; Neurons; Oligonucleotide Probes; Pain; Protein Precursors; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos; Receptors, Serotonin; Spinal Cord; Transcriptional Activation | 1993 |
Antisense oligodeoxynucleotides to the kappa-1 receptor block the antinociceptive effects of delta 9-THC in the spinal cord.
Topics: 3,4-Dichloro-N-methyl-N-(2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-cyclohexyl)-benzeneacetamide, (trans)-Isomer; Analgesics; Animals; Base Sequence; Dronabinol; Enkephalin, Ala(2)-MePhe(4)-Gly(5)-; Enkephalin, D-Penicillamine (2,5)-; Enkephalins; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred ICR; Molecular Sequence Data; Oligonucleotides, Antisense; Pain; Psychotropic Drugs; Pyrrolidines; Receptors, Opioid, kappa; Spinal Cord | 1995 |
Delta opioid receptors: reflexive, defensive and vocal affective responses in female rats.
Topics: Analgesics; Animals; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Enkephalin, D-Penicillamine (2,5)-; Enkephalins; Female; Morphine; Motor Activity; Pain; Rats; Reaction Time; Receptors, Opioid, delta; Vocalization, Animal | 1995 |
Spinal mu and delta, but not kappa, opioid-receptor agonists attenuate responses to noxious colorectal distension in the rat.
Topics: 3,4-Dichloro-N-methyl-N-(2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-cyclohexyl)-benzeneacetamide, (trans)-Isomer; Analgesics; Animals; Catheterization; Colon; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Enkephalin, Ala(2)-MePhe(4)-Gly(5)-; Enkephalin, D-Penicillamine (2,5)-; Enkephalins; Injections, Spinal; Male; Morphine; Pain; Pyrrolidines; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, Opioid, delta; Receptors, Opioid, kappa; Receptors, Opioid, mu; Rectum | 1995 |
Systemic and supraspinal, but not spinal, opiates suppress allodynia in a rat neuropathic pain model.
Topics: 3,4-Dichloro-N-methyl-N-(2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-cyclohexyl)-benzeneacetamide, (trans)-Isomer; Analgesics; Analgesics, Opioid; Animals; Enkephalin, D-Penicillamine (2,5)-; Enkephalins; Injections, Intraperitoneal; Injections, Intraventricular; Injections, Spinal; Morphine; Motor Activity; Naloxone; Narcotic Antagonists; Pain; Peripheral Nerve Injuries; Pyrrolidines; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley | 1995 |
Opioid antagonists and antisera to endogenous opioids increase the nociceptive response to formalin: demonstration of an opioid kappa and delta inhibitory tone.
Topics: Animals; Enkephalin, Ala(2)-MePhe(4)-Gly(5)-; Enkephalins; Formaldehyde; Immune Sera; Male; Naloxone; Naltrexone; Narcotic Antagonists; Opioid Peptides; Pain; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, Opioid, delta; Receptors, Opioid, kappa | 1996 |
Inhibition of adenylyl cyclase activity by the cholecystokinin analog SNF 9007 in neuroblastoma x glioma NG108-15 hybrid cells.
Topics: Adenylyl Cyclase Inhibitors; Amino Acid Sequence; Analgesics; Cholecystokinin; Enkephalin, D-Penicillamine (2,5)-; Enkephalins; Enzyme Inhibitors; Glioma; Hybrid Cells; Molecular Sequence Data; Neuroblastoma; Oligopeptides; Pain; Peptide Fragments; Receptors, Opioid, delta | 1996 |
Inhibition of noxious stimulus-evoked pain behaviors and neuronal fos-like immunoreactivity in the spinal cord of the rat by supraspinal morphine.
Topics: Analgesics; Analgesics, Opioid; Animals; Area Under Curve; Behavior, Animal; Enkephalin, Ala(2)-MePhe(4)-Gly(5)-; Enkephalins; Immunohistochemistry; Injections, Intraventricular; Male; Morphine; Naloxone; Narcotic Antagonists; Pain; Pain Measurement; Physical Stimulation; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Spinal Cord | 1996 |
Pain responses, anxiety and aggression in mice deficient in pre-proenkephalin.
Topics: Aggression; Analgesia; Animals; Anxiety; Cell Line; Enkephalins; Female; Gene Targeting; Homozygote; Male; Mice; Mutagenesis; Pain; Protein Precursors; Restriction Mapping | 1996 |
Endogenous opioid-mediated inhibition of putative pain-modulating neurons in rat rostral ventromedial medulla.
Topics: Animals; Bicuculline; Brain Mapping; Enkephalins; Evoked Potentials; Male; Medulla Oblongata; Morphine; Naloxone; Nerve Endings; Neurons; Pain; Periaqueductal Gray; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Reflex | 1996 |
Nicotine enhances morphine- and beta-endorphin-induced antinociception at the supraspinal level in the mouse.
Topics: 3,4-Dichloro-N-methyl-N-(2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-cyclohexyl)-benzeneacetamide, (trans)-Isomer; Analgesics; Animals; beta-Endorphin; Drug Synergism; Enkephalin, D-Penicillamine (2,5)-; Enkephalins; Injections, Intraventricular; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred ICR; Morphine; Nicotine; Nociceptors; Pain; Pain Measurement; Pyrrolidines; Receptors, Opioid, delta; Receptors, Opioid, kappa | 1996 |
Synergistic antinociceptive interactions of morphine and clonidine in rats with nerve-ligation injury.
Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Analgesics; Animals; Clonidine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Synergism; Enkephalin, Ala(2)-MePhe(4)-Gly(5)-; Enkephalins; Injections, Intraperitoneal; Injections, Spinal; Male; Morphine; Pain; Phentolamine; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Spinal Nerve Roots | 1997 |
Delta-1 opioid receptor-mediated antinociceptive properties of a nonpeptidic delta opioid receptor agonist, (-)TAN-67, in the mouse spinal cord.
Topics: 3,4-Dichloro-N-methyl-N-(2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-cyclohexyl)-benzeneacetamide, (trans)-Isomer; Analgesics; Animals; Enkephalin, Ala(2)-MePhe(4)-Gly(5)-; Enkephalin, D-Penicillamine (2,5)-; Enkephalins; Hyperalgesia; Injections, Spinal; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred ICR; Pain; Pain Measurement; Pyrrolidines; Quinolines; Reaction Time; Receptors, Opioid, delta; Spinal Cord | 1997 |
Substance P and enkephalin immunoreactivities in axonal boutons presynaptic to physiologically identified dorsal horn neurons. An ultrastructural multiple-labelling study in the cat.
Topics: Animals; Axons; Cats; Dendrites; Enkephalins; Female; Male; Microscopy, Immunoelectron; Models, Neurological; Neurons; Pain; Presynaptic Terminals; Spinal Cord; Substance P | 1997 |
[Neurophysiology of pain. Current aspects].
Topics: Enkephalins; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Humans; Neural Inhibition; Neurons, Afferent; Nociceptors; Pain; Spinal Cord; Spinal Nerves; Substance P; Synaptic Transmission | 1980 |
Antinociception induced by opioid or 5-HT agonists microinjected into the anterior pretectal nucleus of the rat.
Topics: Analgesics; Animals; Benzomorphans; Brain; Enkephalin, Ala(2)-MePhe(4)-Gly(5)-; Enkephalin, Leucine-2-Alanine; Enkephalins; Male; Microinjections; Pain; Phenazocine; Piperazines; Quinoxalines; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Receptors, Opioid, delta; Receptors, Opioid, kappa; Receptors, Opioid, mu; Serotonin; Serotonin Receptor Agonists | 1997 |
Cardiovascular effects of microinjections of opioid agonists into the 'Depressor Region' of the ventrolateral periaqueductal gray region.
Topics: Analgesics; Animals; Benzeneacetamides; Blood Pressure; Bradycardia; Enkephalin, Ala(2)-MePhe(4)-Gly(5)-; Enkephalin, D-Penicillamine (2,5)-; Enkephalins; Excitatory Amino Acids; Heart Rate; Homocysteine; Hypertension; Hypotension; Male; Microinjections; Neural Inhibition; Pain; Periaqueductal Gray; Pyrrolidines; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, Opioid; Receptors, Opioid, delta; Receptors, Opioid, kappa; Receptors, Opioid, mu | 1997 |
Inhibition of nitric oxide synthase enhances antinociception mediated by mu, delta and kappa opioid receptors in acute and prolonged pain in the rat spinal cord.
Topics: 3,4-Dichloro-N-methyl-N-(2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-cyclohexyl)-benzeneacetamide, (trans)-Isomer; Animals; Enkephalin, Ala(2)-MePhe(4)-Gly(5)-; Enkephalin, D-Penicillamine (2,5)-; Enkephalins; Enzyme Inhibitors; Formaldehyde; Injections, Spinal; Male; NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester; Nitric Oxide Synthase; Pain; Pyrrolidines; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Receptors, Opioid; Spinal Cord | 1997 |
Synthesis and pharmacological activity of deltorphin and dermorphin-related glycopeptides.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Analgesics, Opioid; Animals; Binding, Competitive; Enkephalin, Ala(2)-MePhe(4)-Gly(5)-; Enkephalins; Glycopeptides; Guinea Pigs; Ileum; In Vitro Techniques; Indicators and Reagents; Jejunum; Kinetics; Male; Mice; Muscle Contraction; Muscle, Smooth; Oligopeptides; Opioid Peptides; Pain; Rabbits; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, Opioid; Structure-Activity Relationship; Synaptosomes | 1997 |
Lumbar but not cervical intrathecal DAMGO suppresses extrasegmental nociception in awake rats.
Topics: Analgesics, Opioid; Animals; Enkephalin, Ala(2)-MePhe(4)-Gly(5)-; Enkephalins; Injections, Spinal; Lumbosacral Region; Male; Neck; Pain; Pain Measurement; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley | 1997 |
Circuitry underlying antiopioid actions of orphanin FQ in the rostral ventromedial medulla.
Topics: Analgesics, Opioid; Animals; Enkephalin, Ala(2)-MePhe(4)-Gly(5)-; Enkephalins; Male; Medulla Oblongata; Morphine; Narcotic Antagonists; Neural Pathways; Nociceptin; Opioid Peptides; Pain; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, Opioid | 1997 |
Differential expression of the AP-1/CRE-binding proteins FOS and CREB in preproenkephalin mRNA-expressing neurons of the rat parabrachial nucleus after nociceptive stimulation.
Topics: Animals; Brain Stem; Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein; Enkephalins; Formaldehyde; Gene Expression Regulation; Hindlimb; Male; Neurons; Pain; Phosphorylation; Protein Precursors; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; RNA, Messenger; Stimulation, Chemical; Transcription Factor AP-1; Transcription, Genetic | 1997 |
Temporal changes in spinal cord expression of mRNA for substance P, dynorphin and enkephalin in a model of chronic pain.
Topics: Animals; Behavior, Animal; Chronic Disease; Disease Models, Animal; Dynorphins; Enkephalins; Gene Expression; Male; Neuropeptides; Pain; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; RNA, Messenger; Spinal Cord; Substance P; Time Factors | 1997 |
Disruption of the kappa-opioid receptor gene in mice enhances sensitivity to chemical visceral pain, impairs pharmacological actions of the selective kappa-agonist U-50,488H and attenuates morphine withdrawal.
Topics: 3,4-Dichloro-N-methyl-N-(2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-cyclohexyl)-benzeneacetamide, (trans)-Isomer; Animals; Behavior, Animal; Enkephalins; Female; Gene Expression Regulation; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Knockout; Morphine; Pain; Pro-Opiomelanocortin; Protein Precursors; Receptors, Opioid, kappa; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; Viscera | 1998 |
Endogenous opioid peptides acting at mu-opioid receptors in the dorsal horn contribute to midbrain modulation of spinal nociceptive neurons.
Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Analgesics, Opioid; Animals; Bicuculline; Clonidine; Enkephalin, Ala(2)-MePhe(4)-Gly(5)-; Enkephalins; Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists; GABA Antagonists; Hot Temperature; Iontophoresis; Kainic Acid; Male; Medulla Oblongata; N-Methylaspartate; Naloxone; Narcotic Antagonists; Nociceptors; Opioid Peptides; Pain; Peptide Fragments; Peptides; Periaqueductal Gray; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, Opioid, mu; Somatostatin; Spinal Cord; Tail | 1998 |
Cholecystokinin inhibits peripheral opioid analgesia in inflamed tissue.
Topics: Analgesics, Opioid; Animals; Cholecystokinin; Enkephalin, Ala(2)-MePhe(4)-Gly(5)-; Enkephalins; Enzyme Inhibitors; Fentanyl; Male; Naphthalenes; Pain; Pain Measurement; Pain Threshold; Peripheral Nervous System Diseases; Protein Kinase C; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Receptors, Cholecystokinin | 1998 |
Preproenkephalin mRNA is regulated by an interaction between steroid hormones and nociceptive stimulation.
Topics: Animals; Enkephalins; Female; Hindlimb; In Situ Hybridization; Inflammation; Nociceptors; Ovariectomy; Pain; Protein Precursors; Rats; RNA, Messenger; Spinal Cord; Steroids; Ventromedial Hypothalamic Nucleus | 1997 |
Pain-suppressive effects on various nociceptive stimuli (thermal, chemical, electrical and inflammatory) of the first orally active enkephalin-metabolizing enzyme inhibitor RB 120.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Alanine; Animals; Disulfides; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Electric Stimulation; Enkephalins; Enzyme Inhibitors; Hot Temperature; Inflammation; Injections, Intraperitoneal; Injections, Intravenous; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred Strains; Pain; Pain Measurement; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Stimulation, Chemical | 1997 |
Antinociception following opioid stimulation of the basolateral amygdala is expressed through the periaqueductal gray and rostral ventromedial medulla.
Topics: Amygdala; Analgesics, Opioid; Anesthetics, Local; Animals; Enkephalin, Ala(2)-MePhe(4)-Gly(5)-; Enkephalins; Lidocaine; Male; Medulla Oblongata; Microinjections; Pain; Pain Measurement; Periaqueductal Gray; Rats; Receptors, Opioid, mu; Reflex; Stimulation, Chemical | 1998 |
Stimulus-specific hierarchy of enhancer elements within the rat prodynorphin promoter.
Topics: Animals; Cell Nucleus; Cyclic AMP; Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein; Electrophoresis; Enhancer Elements, Genetic; Enkephalins; Female; Gene Expression Regulation; Gonadotropins; Osmotic Pressure; Ovary; Pain; Promoter Regions, Genetic; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Spinal Cord; Stimulation, Chemical; Supraoptic Nucleus; Transcription Factor AP-1; Transcription, Genetic | 1998 |
Herpes simplex virus 1-mediated transfer of preproenkephalin A in rat dorsal root ganglia.
Topics: Animals; beta-Galactosidase; Enkephalins; Ganglia, Spinal; Gene Expression Regulation, Viral; Gene Transfer Techniques; Genes, Reporter; Herpesvirus 1, Human; Humans; Male; Neuroblastoma; Pain; Promoter Regions, Genetic; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Recombinant Proteins; RNA, Messenger; Tumor Cells, Cultured | 1998 |
Interactions of cocaine with morphine, U-50,488H and [D-Pen2, D-Pen5]enkaphalin.
Topics: 3,4-Dichloro-N-methyl-N-(2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-cyclohexyl)-benzeneacetamide, (trans)-Isomer; Analgesics; Animals; Cocaine; Drug Interactions; Drug Tolerance; Enkephalin, D-Penicillamine (2,5)-; Enkephalins; Hot Temperature; Male; Mice; Morphine; Pain; Receptors, Opioid, delta; Receptors, Opioid, kappa; Receptors, Opioid, mu | 1998 |
Herpes virus-mediated preproenkephalin gene transfer to the amygdala is antinociceptive.
Topics: Amygdala; Animals; beta-Galactosidase; Enkephalins; Gene Transfer Techniques; Herpesviridae; Male; Naloxone; Narcotic Antagonists; Pain; Pain Measurement; Protein Precursors; Rats | 1998 |
Spinal opioid mu receptor expression in lumbar spinal cord of rats following nerve injury.
Topics: Animals; Binding, Competitive; Enkephalin, Ala(2)-MePhe(4)-Gly(5)-; Enkephalins; GTP-Binding Proteins; Guanosine 5'-O-(3-Thiotriphosphate); Male; Morphine; Narcotic Antagonists; Narcotics; Nociceptors; Pain; Peptide Fragments; Peptides; Peripheral Nerve Injuries; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, Opioid, mu; Somatostatin; Spinal Cord; Tritium | 1998 |
Apposition of enkephalin- and neurotensin-immunoreactive neurons by serotonin-immunoreactive varicosities in the rat spinal cord.
Topics: Animals; Antibodies; Cell Count; Enkephalins; Fluorescent Antibody Technique; Male; Neurons, Afferent; Neurotensin; Nociceptors; Pain; Parasympathetic Nervous System; Raphe Nuclei; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, Serotonin; Serotonin; Spinal Cord; Synapses | 1998 |
The role of peripheral mu opioid receptors in the modulation of capsaicin-induced thermal nociception in rhesus monkeys.
Topics: Animals; Azocines; Capsaicin; Enkephalin, Ala(2)-MePhe(4)-Gly(5)-; Enkephalins; Female; Hot Temperature; Macaca mulatta; Male; Naltrexone; Pain; Receptors, Opioid, mu | 1998 |
Involvement of nitric oxide in peripheral antinociception mediated by kappa- and delta-opioid receptors.
Topics: 3,4-Dichloro-N-methyl-N-(2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-cyclohexyl)-benzeneacetamide, (trans)-Isomer; Analgesics; Animals; Benzoates; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Enkephalin, D-Penicillamine (2,5)-; Enkephalins; Formaldehyde; Imidazoles; Male; Nitric Oxide; Nitro Compounds; Pain; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, Opioid, delta; Receptors, Opioid, kappa | 1998 |
Aminophosphinic inhibitors as transition state analogues of enkephalin-degrading enzymes: a class of central analgesics.
Topics: Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Animals; Binding Sites; Brain; CD13 Antigens; Drug Design; Enkephalins; Enzyme Inhibitors; In Vitro Techniques; Male; Mice; Neprilysin; Nociceptors; Pain; Phosphinic Acids; Rabbits; Structure-Activity Relationship; Swine | 1998 |
Effects of mu and delta opioid agonists and antagonists on affective vocal and reflexive pain responses during social stress in rats.
Topics: Aggression; Analgesics; Animals; Behavior, Animal; Enkephalin, Ala(2)-MePhe(4)-Gly(5)-; Enkephalin, D-Penicillamine (2,5)-; Enkephalins; Male; Morphine; Narcotic Antagonists; Narcotics; Pain; Pain Threshold; Rats; Rats, Long-Evans; Receptors, Opioid, delta; Receptors, Opioid, mu; Reflex; Social Behavior; Stress, Psychological; Vocalization, Animal | 1998 |
Slow intrinsic optical signals in the rat spinal dorsal horn in slice.
Topics: 2-Amino-5-phosphonovalerate; 6-Cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione; Action Potentials; Analgesics; Analgesics, Opioid; Animals; Coloring Agents; Diuretics; Electric Stimulation; Enkephalin, Ala(2)-MePhe(4)-Gly(5)-; Enkephalins; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials; Furosemide; Ganglia, Spinal; Neurons, Afferent; Pain; Rats; Substance P; Substantia Gelatinosa | 1998 |
Heroin antinociception changed from mu to delta receptor in streptozotocin-treated mice.
Topics: Analgesics, Opioid; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Benzylidene Compounds; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Interactions; Enkephalin, D-Penicillamine (2,5)-; Enkephalins; Heroin; Injections, Intraventricular; Male; Mice; Morphine; Morphine Derivatives; Naloxone; Naltrexone; Narcotic Antagonists; Nociceptors; Pain; Receptors, Opioid, delta; Receptors, Opioid, mu; Streptozocin; Time Factors | 1998 |
Modulation of cocaine-induced antinociception by opioid-receptor agonists.
Topics: Analgesics; Animals; Benzeneacetamides; Cocaine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Synergism; Enkephalin, D-Penicillamine (2,5)-; Enkephalins; Male; Morphine; Pain; Pain Measurement; Pyrrolidines; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, Opioid; Receptors, Opioid, kappa | 1999 |
Temporal changes of preproenkephalin mRNA and leu-enkephalin-like immunoreactivity in the neurons of the caudal spinal trigeminal nucleus and upper cervical cord after noxious stimuli.
Topics: Animals; Enkephalin, Leucine; Enkephalins; Formaldehyde; Immunohistochemistry; In Situ Hybridization; Neurons; Pain; Pain Measurement; Physical Stimulation; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; RNA, Messenger; Spinal Cord; Trigeminal Nucleus, Spinal | 1998 |
Transport of CSF antibodies to Galpha subunits across neural membranes requires binding to the target protein and protein kinase C activity.
Topics: Analgesics; Analgesics, Opioid; Animals; Autoantibodies; Biological Transport; Brain Chemistry; Enkephalin, Ala(2)-MePhe(4)-Gly(5)-; Enkephalin, D-Penicillamine (2,5)-; Enkephalin, Leucine-2-Alanine; Enkephalins; Epitopes; GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, Gi-Go; Immunoblotting; Immunoglobulin G; Injections, Intraventricular; Iodine Radioisotopes; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred Strains; Microscopy, Immunoelectron; Morphine; Neurons; Nociceptors; Oligopeptides; Pain; Protein Kinase C; Signal Transduction | 1999 |
Antihyperalgesic effects of infection with a preproenkephalin-encoding herpes virus.
Topics: Animals; Cytomegalovirus; DNA, Complementary; DNA, Recombinant; Enkephalins; Female; Genetic Therapy; Genetic Vectors; Humans; Mice; Pain; Pain Management; Promoter Regions, Genetic; Protein Precursors; Simplexvirus | 1999 |
Spinal analgesic action of endomorphins in acute, inflammatory and neuropathic pain in rats.
Topics: Acute Disease; Analgesics, Opioid; Animals; Enkephalin, Ala(2)-MePhe(4)-Gly(5)-; Enkephalins; Inflammation; Injections, Spinal; Male; Morphine; Pain; Rats; Spinal Cord | 1999 |
Differential involvement of mu-opioid receptor subtypes in endomorphin-1- and -2-induced antinociception.
Topics: Analgesics, Opioid; Animals; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Enkephalin, Ala(2)-MePhe(4)-Gly(5)-; Enkephalins; Injections, Intraventricular; Injections, Spinal; Male; Mice; Naloxone; Naltrexone; Narcotic Antagonists; Nociceptors; Oligopeptides; Pain; Receptors, Opioid, mu; Time Factors | 1999 |
Changes in nociceptive and anxiolytic responses following herpes virus-mediated preproenkephalin overexpression in rat amygdala are naloxone-reversible and transient.
Topics: Amygdala; Animals; Anti-Anxiety Agents; beta-Galactosidase; Diazepam; Enkephalins; Gene Expression Regulation; Genetic Vectors; Herpesviridae; Humans; Male; Maze Learning; Naloxone; Pain; Pain Measurement; Protein Precursors; Rats; Recombinant Proteins; RNA, Messenger; Transcription, Genetic | 1999 |
Epidural opioid analgesia in infant rats II: responses to carrageenan and capsaicin.
Topics: Analgesia, Epidural; Analgesics, Opioid; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Benzeneacetamides; Capsaicin; Carrageenan; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; Enkephalin, D-Penicillamine (2,5)-; Enkephalins; Female; Injections, Subcutaneous; Male; Morphine; Pain; Pyrrolidines; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, Opioid, delta; Receptors, Opioid, kappa; Receptors, Opioid, mu | 1999 |
Genetic alteration of phospholipase C beta3 expression modulates behavioral and cellular responses to mu opioids.
Topics: Animals; Brain; Calcium Channels; Cell Membrane; Enkephalin, Ala(2)-MePhe(4)-Gly(5)-; Enkephalins; Ganglia, Spinal; Gene Expression Regulation; Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic; Isoenzymes; Membrane Potentials; Mice; Mice, Knockout; Morphine; Neurons, Afferent; Pain; Phospholipase C beta; Receptors, Opioid, delta; Receptors, Opioid, kappa; Receptors, Opioid, mu; Type C Phospholipases | 1999 |
Reduction of stress-induced analgesia but not of exogenous opioid effects in mice lacking CB1 receptors.
Topics: 3,4-Dichloro-N-methyl-N-(2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-cyclohexyl)-benzeneacetamide, (trans)-Isomer; Analgesics, Opioid; Animals; Dopamine; Electroshock; Enkephalin, D-Penicillamine (2,5)-; Enkephalins; Exploratory Behavior; Foot; Habituation, Psychophysiologic; Hot Temperature; Mice; Mice, Knockout; Models, Neurological; Morphine; Motor Activity; Nociceptors; Oligopeptides; Pain; Pain Threshold; Receptors, Cannabinoid; Receptors, Drug; Receptors, Opioid; Receptors, Opioid, delta; Receptors, Opioid, kappa; Receptors, Opioid, mu; Stress, Mechanical; Stress, Physiological; Swimming; Tail; Viscera | 2000 |
Spinal and supraspinal changes in opioid mRNA expression are related to the onset of pain behaviors following excitotoxic spinal cord injury.
Topics: Animals; Brain; Dynorphins; Enkephalins; Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists; Gene Expression; Grooming; Male; Opioid Peptides; Pain; Protein Precursors; Quisqualic Acid; Rats; Rats, Long-Evans; RNA, Messenger; Spinal Cord; Spinal Cord Injuries | 2001 |
Contribution of endogenous enkephalins to the enhanced analgesic effects of supraspinal mu opioid receptor agonists after inflammatory injury.
Topics: Animals; Brain; Enkephalin, Ala(2)-MePhe(4)-Gly(5)-; Enkephalins; Inflammation; Male; Microinjections; Naltrexone; Pain; Peptide Fragments; Peptides; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, Opioid, mu; Somatostatin | 2001 |
Gene therapy of bladder pain with herpes simplex virus (HSV) vectors expressing preproenkephalin (PPE).
Topics: Afferent Pathways; Animals; Capsaicin; Cystitis, Interstitial; Enkephalins; Female; Genetic Therapy; Genetic Vectors; Herpesviridae; Pain; Pain Management; Protein Precursors; Rats; Urinary Bladder; Urinary Bladder Diseases | 2001 |
The role of kainic acid/AMPA and metabotropic glutamate receptors in the regulation of opioid mRNA expression and the onset of pain-related behavior following excitotoxic spinal cord injury.
Topics: Animals; Behavior, Animal; Dynorphins; Enkephalins; Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Grooming; Indans; Male; Nerve Degeneration; Neurons; Neurotoxins; Opioid Peptides; Pain; Pain Measurement; Protein Precursors; Quinoxalines; Rats; Rats, Long-Evans; Receptors, AMPA; Receptors, Glutamate; Receptors, Kainic Acid; Receptors, Metabotropic Glutamate; RNA, Messenger; Spinal Cord; Spinal Cord Injuries | 2001 |
Facilitation of enkephalins catabolism inhibitor-induced antinociception by drugs classically used in pain management.
Topics: Analgesics; Analgesics, Opioid; Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Arthritis, Experimental; Disulfides; Enkephalins; Enzyme Inhibitors; Formaldehyde; Injections, Intravenous; Injections, Subcutaneous; Male; Mice; Morphine; Neprilysin; Pain; Pain Measurement; Phenylalanine; Pressure; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Reaction Time | 2001 |
Enkephalin release and opioid receptor activation does not mediate the antinociceptive or sedative/hypnotic effects of nitrous oxide.
Topics: Analgesics; Animals; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Enkephalins; Genotype; Hypnotics and Sedatives; Immunohistochemistry; Male; Medulla Oblongata; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Knockout; Naltrexone; Neurons; Nitrous Oxide; Pain; Pain Measurement; Protein Precursors; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos; Receptors, Opioid | 2001 |
ERK MAP kinase activation in superficial spinal cord neurons induces prodynorphin and NK-1 upregulation and contributes to persistent inflammatory pain hypersensitivity.
Topics: Animals; Butadienes; Disease Models, Animal; Enkephalins; Enzyme Activation; Enzyme Inhibitors; Freund's Adjuvant; Hindlimb; Hyperalgesia; Inflammation; Injections, Spinal; Male; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; Nitriles; Pain; Posterior Horn Cells; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; RNA, Messenger; Spinal Cord; Substance P; Up-Regulation | 2002 |
Biological properties of a new fluorescent biphalin fragment analogue.
Topics: Analgesia; Analgesics; Animals; Dansyl Compounds; Enkephalins; Fluorescent Dyes; Male; Pain; Phenylalanine; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Receptors, Opioid, delta; Receptors, Opioid, mu | 2002 |
Cellular basis for the effects of substance P in the periaqueductal gray and dorsal raphe nucleus.
Topics: Animals; Anxiety; Dendrites; Enkephalins; Glutamic Acid; Immunohistochemistry; Male; Microscopy, Electron; Neurons; Pain; Periaqueductal Gray; Presynaptic Terminals; Raphe Nuclei; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, Neurokinin-1; Serotonin; Substance P; Synaptic Transmission; Tryptophan Hydroxylase | 2002 |
Morphine attenuates pain and prevents inflammation in experimental peritonitis.
Topics: Analgesics, Opioid; Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Disease Models, Animal; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Enkephalins; Leukocytes; Morphine; Pain; Peritonitis; Protein Precursors; Zymosan | 2002 |
Endogenous opiates-a progress report.
Topics: Adenylyl Cyclase Inhibitors; Amino Acid Sequence; Analgesics, Opioid; Animals; Endorphins; Enkephalins; Humans; Naloxone; Oligopeptides; Pain; Peptides; Pituitary Gland; Prostaglandins; Receptors, Opioid | 1977 |
Pharmacotherapy II: narcotic and narcotic-antagonists analgesics.
Topics: Amines; Analgesics; Analgesics, Opioid; Binding Sites; Brain; Brain Chemistry; Codeine; Drug Tolerance; Enkephalins; Humans; Meperidine; Morphine; Naloxone; Narcotic Antagonists; Opium; Pain; Pentazocine; Receptors, Opioid; Sodium; Substance-Related Disorders | 1978 |
Biochemical basis of analgesia: metabolism, storage, regulation, and action.
Topics: Analgesia; Bradykinin; Dopamine; Enkephalins; Glutamates; Histamine; Neurotransmitter Agents; Norepinephrine; Opium; Pain; Prostaglandins; Receptors, Adrenergic; Receptors, Dopamine; Receptors, Opioid; Receptors, Serotonin; Serotonin; Substance P | 1978 |
[Neurostimulation--endorphins. Personal opinion in the guise of an introduction].
Topics: Analgesia; Endorphins; Enkephalins; Humans; Neurosurgery; Pain | 1978 |
Enkephalins: the search for a functional role.
Topics: Bipolar Disorder; Endorphins; Enkephalins; Humans; Naloxone; Nociceptors; Pain; Schizophrenia | 1978 |
[Endogenous morphine-like peptide].
Topics: Acupuncture Therapy; Animals; Body Temperature; Endorphins; Enkephalins; Haplorhini; Humans; Pain; Pituitary Gland; Prolactin; Radioligand Assay; Rats | 1978 |
The opiate receptor and morphine-like peptides in the brain.
Topics: beta-Lipotropin; Binding Sites; Brain; Brain Chemistry; Emotions; Endorphins; Enkephalins; Humans; Hypothalamus; Narcotic Antagonists; Pain; Receptors, Opioid; Sodium | 1978 |
Human beta-endorphin: the real opium of the people?
Topics: Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Animals; beta-Lipotropin; Brain Chemistry; Endorphins; Enkephalins; Humans; Pain; Rats | 1978 |
Enkephalin-like material in normal human CSF: measurement and levels.
Topics: Adult; Endorphins; Enkephalins; Humans; Male; Methods; Pain; Receptors, Opioid | 1978 |
Primary afferent depolarisation of tooth pulp afferents is not affected by naloxone.
Topics: Action Potentials; Afferent Pathways; Animals; Brain Stem; Cats; Conditioning, Psychological; Cuspid; Dental Pulp; Enkephalins; Naloxone; Pain; Receptors, Opioid | 1978 |
[Pathophysiology of acute pain (author's transl)].
Topics: Afferent Pathways; Animals; Endorphins; Enkephalins; Evoked Potentials; Humans; Inflammation; Neural Pathways; Neurons, Afferent; Nociceptors; Pain; Receptors, Opioid | 1978 |
[On the physiology and pharmacology of endorphins (author's transl)].
Topics: Animals; Endorphins; Enkephalins; Humans; Neural Conduction; Neurocognitive Disorders; Neurons; Pain; Rats; Receptors, Opioid; Stress, Physiological; Substance-Related Disorders | 1979 |
Endorphins and clinical pain, an overview.
Topics: Brain; Endorphins; Enkephalins; Humans; Kinetics; Neurons; Pain; Protein Binding; Radioligand Assay; Receptors, Opioid; Tissue Distribution | 1979 |
Neural mechanisms of opiate analgesia.
Topics: Animals; Brain; Brain Chemistry; Brain Stem; Endorphins; Enkephalins; Humans; Morphine; Narcotics; Pain; Rats; Receptors, Opioid; Substance P | 1979 |
The emotion of pain and its chemistry.
Topics: Animals; Biogenic Amines; Brain; Brain Chemistry; Cerebral Cortex; Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry; Depression; Emotions; Endorphins; Enkephalins; Humans; Mice; Narcotics; Pain; Receptors, Opioid; Sensory Thresholds | 1979 |
The brain's opium (human beta-endorphin)
Topics: Animals; beta-Endorphin; Brain; Endorphins; Enkephalins; Humans; Pain; Pituitary Gland; Rats; Receptors, Opioid | 1979 |
The mechanisms of pain.
Topics: Brain; Endorphins; Enkephalins; Humans; Pain; Spinal Cord | 1979 |
Alterations in nociception and body temperature after intracisternal administration of neurotensin, beta-endorphin, other endogenous peptides, and morphine.
Topics: Animals; Body Temperature; Body Temperature Regulation; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Endorphins; Enkephalins; Hormones; Male; Mice; Morphine; Neurotensin; Pain; Peptides; Structure-Activity Relationship | 1979 |
Immunohistochemical analysis of peptide pathways possibly related to pain and analgesia: enkephalin and substance P.
Topics: Analgesia; Animals; Axons; Brain; Cerebral Aqueduct; Colchicine; Enkephalins; Fluorescent Antibody Technique; Ganglia, Spinal; Male; Medulla Oblongata; Nerve Endings; Oligopeptides; Pain; Rats; Spinal Cord; Substance P; Substantia Gelatinosa | 1977 |
[Endorphins: a key to understanding pain, addiction and mental disorders?].
Topics: Endorphins; Enkephalins; Humans; Mental Disorders; Morphine Dependence; Naloxone; Pain; Substance-Related Disorders | 1979 |
Stimulation produced analgesia and endogenous opiate-like peptides [proceedings].
Topics: Analgesics; Animals; Electric Stimulation; Endorphins; Enkephalins; Mesencephalon; Naloxone; Pain; Rats | 1979 |
Tetrapeptide acyl-hydrazide analogs of enkephalin: a new group of potent analgesics.
Topics: Animals; Biological Assay; Endorphins; Enkephalins; Hot Temperature; Hydrazines; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Mice; Pain; Structure-Activity Relationship | 1979 |
The depression of thalamic nociceptive neurones by D-ala2,D-leu5-enkephalin.
Topics: Animals; Depression, Chemical; Endorphins; Enkephalins; Evoked Potentials; Male; Neurons; Pain; Rats; Thalamus | 1978 |
Enkephalin-like material elevated in ventricular cerebrospinal fluid of pain patients after analgetic focal stimulation.
Topics: Brain; Cerebral Aqueduct; Electric Stimulation; Endorphins; Enkephalins; Female; Humans; Male; Pain; Pain Management | 1978 |
Pain. Reducing the lowest common human denominator.
Topics: Animals; Enkephalins; Humans; Pain; Pain Management | 1978 |
Primary afferent stimulation acts through a 193 base pair promoter region to upregulate preproenkephalin expression in dorsal horn of transgenic mice.
Topics: Afferent Pathways; Animals; Chloramphenicol O-Acetyltransferase; Electric Stimulation; Enkephalins; Foot; Freund's Adjuvant; Mice; Mice, Transgenic; Pain; Promoter Regions, Genetic; Protein Precursors; Recombinant Fusion Proteins; Spinal Cord; Trigeminal Ganglion | 1992 |
Mediation of serotonin hyperalgesia by the cAMP second messenger system.
Topics: 3,4-Dichloro-N-methyl-N-(2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-cyclohexyl)-benzeneacetamide, (trans)-Isomer; 8-Hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin; Adenosine; Analgesics; Animals; Colforsin; Cyclic AMP; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Enkephalin, D-Penicillamine (2,5)-; Enkephalins; Guanosine 5'-O-(3-Thiotriphosphate); Hyperalgesia; Isomerism; Male; Nociceptors; Pain; Protein Kinase Inhibitors; Pyrrolidines; Pyrrolidinones; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Receptors, Serotonin; Rolipram; Second Messenger Systems; Serotonin; Tetrahydronaphthalenes | 1992 |
Streptozotocin-induced diabetes selectively alters the potency of analgesia produced by mu-opioid agonists, but not by delta- and kappa-opioid agonists.
Topics: 3,4-Dichloro-N-methyl-N-(2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-cyclohexyl)-benzeneacetamide, (trans)-Isomer; Analgesics; Animals; Cerebral Ventricles; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Enkephalin, Ala(2)-MePhe(4)-Gly(5)-; Enkephalin, D-Penicillamine (2,5)-; Enkephalins; Injections, Intraventricular; Injections, Spinal; Injections, Subcutaneous; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred ICR; Morphine; Pain; Pyrrolidines; Receptors, Opioid; Receptors, Opioid, delta; Receptors, Opioid, kappa; Receptors, Opioid, mu; Spinal Cord | 1992 |
In vivo occupation of mouse brain opioid receptors by endogenous enkephalins: blockade of enkephalin degrading enzymes by RB 101 inhibits [3H]diprenorphine binding.
Topics: Analgesics; Animals; Brain; Cell Membrane; Diprenorphine; Disulfides; Enkephalins; Hot Temperature; Kinetics; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred Strains; Neprilysin; Pain; Phenylalanine; Receptors, Opioid; Stress, Psychological; Tritium | 1992 |
Monoarthritis induces complex changes in mu-, delta- and kappa-opioid binding sites in the superficial dorsal horn of the rat spinal cord.
Topics: Animals; Arthritis; Arthritis, Experimental; Autoradiography; Benzeneacetamides; Disease Models, Animal; Enkephalin, Ala(2)-MePhe(4)-Gly(5)-; Enkephalin, D-Penicillamine (2,5)-; Enkephalins; Freund's Adjuvant; Male; Pain; Pyrrolidines; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, Opioid; Receptors, Opioid, delta; Receptors, Opioid, kappa; Receptors, Opioid, mu; Spinal Cord | 1992 |
Dermorphin-related peptides from the skin of Phyllomedusa bicolor and their amidated analogs activate two mu opioid receptor subtypes that modulate antinociception and catalepsy in the rat.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Analgesics, Opioid; Animals; Anura; Binding, Competitive; Brain; Catalepsy; Cerebral Ventricles; Electric Stimulation; Enkephalin, Ala(2)-MePhe(4)-Gly(5)-; Enkephalins; Guinea Pigs; Injections, Intraventricular; Kinetics; Molecular Sequence Data; Myenteric Plexus; Naloxone; Nociceptors; Oligopeptides; Opioid Peptides; Pain; Rats; Receptors, Opioid; Receptors, Opioid, delta; Receptors, Opioid, kappa; Receptors, Opioid, mu; Skin; Skin Physiological Phenomena; Structure-Activity Relationship | 1992 |
[Endogenous opioid systems as biochemical basis of pain control].
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Dynorphins; Endorphins; Enkephalins; Humans; Molecular Sequence Data; Pain | 1992 |
The pursuit of pain.
Topics: Analgesics; Animals; Endorphins; Enkephalins; Humans; Nociceptors; Pain | 1990 |
Effects of the subcutaneous administration of enkephalins on tail-flick response and righting reflex of developing rats.
Topics: Aging; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Captopril; Enkephalin, Ala(2)-MePhe(4)-Gly(5)-; Enkephalin, Methionine; Enkephalins; Female; Glycopeptides; Injections, Subcutaneous; Male; Oligopeptides; Pain; Peptides; Posture; Protease Inhibitors; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Reflex | 1992 |
Paradoxical analgesia produced by naloxone in diabetic mice is attributable to supersensitivity of delta-opioid receptors.
Topics: 3,4-Dichloro-N-methyl-N-(2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-cyclohexyl)-benzeneacetamide, (trans)-Isomer; Analgesia; Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Enkephalin, Ala(2)-MePhe(4)-Gly(5)-; Enkephalin, D-Penicillamine (2,5)-; Enkephalins; Hot Temperature; Injections, Intraventricular; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred ICR; Naloxone; Pain; Pain Measurement; Pyrrolidines; Reaction Time; Time Factors | 1992 |
Inability of an opioid antagonist lacking negative intrinsic activity to induce opioid receptor up-regulation in vivo.
Topics: 3,4-Dichloro-N-methyl-N-(2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-cyclohexyl)-benzeneacetamide, (trans)-Isomer; Analgesics; Animals; Benzomorphans; Binding, Competitive; Drinking; Eating; Enkephalin, Ala(2)-MePhe(4)-Gly(5)-; Enkephalin, Leucine-2-Alanine; Enkephalins; Male; Narcotic Antagonists; Pain; Pain Measurement; Pyrrolidines; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Receptors, Opioid; Sensory Thresholds; Up-Regulation | 1991 |
Characteristics of mu and delta opioid binding sites in striatal slices of morphine-tolerant and -dependent mice.
Topics: Analgesics; Animals; Binding Sites; Corpus Striatum; Drug Interactions; Drug Tolerance; Enkephalin, Ala(2)-MePhe(4)-Gly(5)-; Enkephalin, Leucine-2-Alanine; Enkephalins; Male; Mice; Morphine; Morphine Dependence; Naloxone; Pain; Receptors, Opioid | 1991 |
Delta receptor involvement in morphine suppression of noxiously evoked activity of spinal WDR neurons in cats.
Topics: Analgesia; Animals; Cats; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Enkephalin, Ala(2)-MePhe(4)-Gly(5)-; Enkephalin, D-Penicillamine (2,5)-; Enkephalin, Leucine; Enkephalins; Evoked Potentials; Female; Hot Temperature; Injections, Spinal; Male; Morphine; Naltrexone; Narcotic Antagonists; Neurons; Pain; Receptors, Opioid; Receptors, Opioid, delta; Receptors, Opioid, mu; Spinal Cord | 1991 |
The antinociceptive action of supraspinal opioids results from an increase in descending inhibitory control: correlation of nociceptive behavior and c-fos expression.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Behavior, Animal; Enkephalin, Ala(2)-MePhe(4)-Gly(5)-; Enkephalins; Foot; Formaldehyde; Gene Expression Regulation; Injections, Intraventricular; Male; Molecular Sequence Data; Naloxone; Neurons; Pain; Pain Measurement; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Receptors, Opioid; Receptors, Opioid, mu; Single-Blind Method; Spinal Cord | 1991 |
Bilateral and differential changes in spinal mu, delta and kappa opioid binding in rats with a painful, unilateral neuropathy.
Topics: Analgesics; Animals; Autoradiography; Behavior, Animal; Benzeneacetamides; Enkephalin, D-Penicillamine (2,5)-; Enkephalins; Fentanyl; Ligands; Male; Nervous System Diseases; Pain; Pyrrolidines; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Receptors, Opioid; Receptors, Opioid, delta; Receptors, Opioid, kappa; Receptors, Opioid, mu; Sensory Thresholds; Spinal Cord; Sufentanil | 1991 |
[Hormonal profile in chronic pain syndromes of somatogenic etiology].
Topics: Adult; Chronic Disease; Endometritis; Enkephalins; Female; Growth Hormone; Hormones; Humans; Hydrocortisone; Insulin; Male; Middle Aged; Osteoarthritis; Pain; Spondylitis; Stress, Psychological; Syndrome; Thyroid Hormones | 1991 |
Genetic influences in opioid analgesic sensitivity in mice.
Topics: 3,4-Dichloro-N-methyl-N-(2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-cyclohexyl)-benzeneacetamide, (trans)-Isomer; Analgesia; Analgesics; Animals; Benzeneacetamides; Enkephalin, Ala(2)-MePhe(4)-Gly(5)-; Enkephalins; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred Strains; Morphine; Naloxone; Pain; Pyrrolidines; Receptors, Opioid; Receptors, Opioid, kappa; Receptors, Opioid, mu; Species Specificity | 1991 |
c-fos and the changing face of pain.
Topics: Animals; Calcium; Enkephalins; Genes; Intracellular Membranes; Pain; Protein Precursors; Proto-Oncogene Proteins; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos; Transcription, Genetic | 1990 |
[Effect of monoamine neurotransmitters, enkephalin and morphine on substance P contents of several brain regions and pain threshold in rats].
Topics: Animals; Biogenic Monoamines; Brain; Corpus Striatum; Enkephalins; Hippocampus; Hypothalamus; Morphine; Neurotransmitter Agents; Pain; Pain Measurement; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Sensory Thresholds; Substance P | 1990 |
Neurochemical studies on the mesolimbic circuitry of antinociception.
Topics: Amygdala; Animals; beta-Endorphin; Enkephalins; Limbic System; Male; Microinjections; Morphine; Neurons; Nucleus Accumbens; Organ Specificity; Pain; Perfusion; Rabbits | 1991 |
Tonic pain perception in the mouse: differential modulation by three receptor-selective opioid agonists.
Topics: 3,4-Dichloro-N-methyl-N-(2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-cyclohexyl)-benzeneacetamide, (trans)-Isomer; Analgesics; Animals; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Enkephalin, D-Penicillamine (2,5)-; Enkephalins; Fentanyl; Injections, Intraventricular; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred ICR; Pain; Pyrrolidines; Receptors, Opioid; Receptors, Opioid, delta; Receptors, Opioid, kappa; Receptors, Opioid, mu; Sufentanil | 1991 |
Cholera toxin and pertussis toxin on opioid- and alpha 2-mediated supraspinal analgesia in mice.
Topics: Analgesia; Animals; beta-Endorphin; Cerebral Ventricles; Cholera Toxin; Clonidine; Enkephalin, Ala(2)-MePhe(4)-Gly(5)-; Enkephalin, Leucine-2-Alanine; Enkephalins; GTP-Binding Proteins; Injections, Intraventricular; Male; Mice; Morphine; Narcotics; Pain; Pertussis Toxin; Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha; Virulence Factors, Bordetella | 1991 |
Molecular pathways of pain: Fos/Jun-mediated activation of a noncanonical AP-1 site in the prodynorphin gene.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Cell Line; DNA-Binding Proteins; Enkephalins; Gene Expression Regulation; Genes; Male; Molecular Sequence Data; Neurons; Pain; Promoter Regions, Genetic; Protein Precursors; Proto-Oncogene Proteins; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-jun; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Spinal Cord; Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate; Transcription Factors | 1991 |
Comparison of the antinociceptive and motor effects of intrathecal opioid agonists in the rat.
Topics: 3,4-Dichloro-N-methyl-N-(2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-cyclohexyl)-benzeneacetamide, (trans)-Isomer; Analgesics; Animals; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Enkephalin, Ala(2)-MePhe(4)-Gly(5)-; Enkephalin, D-Penicillamine (2,5)-; Enkephalins; Injections, Spinal; Male; Narcotic Antagonists; Pain; Postural Balance; Psychomotor Performance; Pyrrolidines; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Sensory Thresholds | 1991 |
Cholecystokinin octapeptide antagonized opioid analgesia mediated by mu- and kappa- but not delta-receptors in the spinal cord of the rat.
Topics: Animals; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Dynorphins; Endorphins; Enkephalin, D-Penicillamine (2,5)-; Enkephalins; Male; Narcotic Antagonists; Pain; Pain Measurement; Peptide Fragments; Proglumide; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Reaction Time; Receptors, Opioid; Receptors, Opioid, delta; Receptors, Opioid, kappa; Receptors, Opioid, mu; Sincalide; Spinal Cord | 1990 |
alpha N-acetyl derivatives of beta-endorphin-(1-31) and -(1-27) regulate the supraspinal antinociceptive activity of different opioids in mice.
Topics: Acetylation; Animals; beta-Endorphin; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Enkephalin, Ala(2)-MePhe(4)-Gly(5)-; Enkephalin, Leucine-2-Alanine; Enkephalins; Male; Mice; Pain; Structure-Activity Relationship; Tail; Time Factors | 1991 |
Preproenkephalin upregulation in nucleus caudalis: high and low intensity afferent stimulation differentially modulate early and late responses.
Topics: Afferent Pathways; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Capsaicin; Electric Stimulation; Enkephalins; Gene Expression Regulation; Male; Pain; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; RNA, Messenger; Trigeminal Nerve | 1990 |
Distinct antinociceptive actions mediated by different opioid receptors in the region of lamina I and laminae III-V of the dorsal horn of the rat.
Topics: 3,4-Dichloro-N-methyl-N-(2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-cyclohexyl)-benzeneacetamide, (trans)-Isomer; Analgesics; Animals; Electric Stimulation; Enkephalin, Ala(2)-MePhe(4)-Gly(5)-; Enkephalin, D-Penicillamine (2,5)-; Enkephalins; Neurons; Pain; Pyrrolidines; Rats; Receptors, Opioid; Receptors, Opioid, delta; Receptors, Opioid, kappa; Receptors, Opioid, mu; Spinal Cord | 1990 |
Differential interactions of cholecystokinin and FLFQPQRF-NH2 with mu and delta opioid antinociception in the rat spinal cord.
Topics: Animals; Enkephalin, Ala(2)-MePhe(4)-Gly(5)-; Enkephalins; Evoked Potentials; Injections, Spinal; Male; Nerve Fibers; Neurons; Oligopeptides; Pain; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Receptors, Opioid; Receptors, Opioid, delta; Receptors, Opioid, mu; Sincalide; Spinal Cord | 1990 |
Simultaneous development of opioid tolerance and opioid antagonist-induced receptor upregulation.
Topics: Analgesia; Animals; Brain; Drug Tolerance; Enkephalin, Ala(2)-MePhe(4)-Gly(5)-; Enkephalin, Leucine-2-Alanine; Enkephalins; Kinetics; Male; Mice; Morphine; Naloxone; Naltrexone; Pain; Receptors, Opioid; Reference Values; Up-Regulation | 1990 |
Continuous sucrose feeding decreases pain threshold and increases morphine potency.
Topics: Animals; Blood Glucose; Body Composition; Drug Synergism; Enkephalin, Ala(2)-MePhe(4)-Gly(5)-; Enkephalins; Insulin; Male; Medulla Oblongata; Morphine; Pain; Periaqueductal Gray; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Sensory Thresholds; Serotonin; Sucrose | 1990 |
Spinal antinociceptive synergy between clonidine and morphine, U69593, and DPDPE: isobolographic analysis.
Topics: Analgesics; Animals; Benzeneacetamides; Clonidine; Drug Synergism; Enkephalin, D-Penicillamine (2,5)-; Enkephalins; Hot Temperature; Injections, Spinal; Male; Morphine; Pain; Pyrrolidines; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Regression Analysis; Spinal Cord | 1990 |
Alterations of immunoreactive substance P and enkephalins in rat spinal cord after electroacupuncture.
Topics: Acupuncture Therapy; Animals; Electric Stimulation; Enkephalins; Functional Laterality; Male; Pain; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Sensory Thresholds; Spinal Cord; Substance P | 1985 |
Prodynorphin gene expression is enhanced in the spinal cord of chronic arthritic rats.
Topics: Animals; Arthritis; Arthritis, Experimental; Body Weight; Enkephalins; Gene Expression Regulation; Male; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Organ Size; Pain; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; RNA; RNA, Messenger; Spinal Cord | 1987 |
Stimulatory influences of calcium channel antagonists on stress-induced opioid analgesia and locomotor activity.
Topics: 3-Pyridinecarboxylic acid, 1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-5-nitro-4-(2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-, Methyl ester; Animals; Calcium Channel Blockers; Diltiazem; Enkephalin, Ala(2)-MePhe(4)-Gly(5)-; Enkephalin, D-Penicillamine (2,5)-; Enkephalins; Immobilization; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Motor Activity; Naloxone; Nifedipine; Pain; Reaction Time; Stress, Physiological; Verapamil | 1987 |
Chronic chlorimipramine does not reverse the reduction of cerebrospinal fluid Met-enkephalin-like immunoreactivity in chronic-pain patients.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Chronic Disease; Clomipramine; Enkephalin, Methionine; Enkephalins; Female; Humans; Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid; Male; Middle Aged; Pain; Radioimmunoassay; Serotonin | 1987 |
Some ultrastructure and immunocytochemical findings taken as morphological basis for the gate control theory of pain mechanism.
Topics: Animals; Enkephalins; Immunohistochemistry; Nociceptors; Pain; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Spinal Cord; Substance P; Synapses | 1988 |
[Implication of serotoninergic and peptidergic systems in the mechanisms of pain].
Topics: Animals; Enkephalins; Neuropeptides; Pain; Rats; Serotonin; Substance P | 1988 |
[Pain and chemical transmitters].
Topics: Animals; Enkephalins; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Ganglia, Spinal; Neurotransmitter Agents; Nociceptors; Pain; Rats; Substance P | 1988 |
Potency of infused spinal antinociceptive agents is inversely related to magnitude of tolerance after continuous infusion.
Topics: Analgesics; Animals; Clonidine; Drug Tolerance; Enkephalin, Ala(2)-MePhe(4)-Gly(5)-; Enkephalin, Leucine; Enkephalin, Leucine-2-Alanine; Enkephalins; Fentanyl; Infusions, Parenteral; Male; Morphine; Pain; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Reference Values; Sufentanil | 1989 |
Dermenkephalin (Tyr-D-Met-Phe-His-Leu-Met-Asp-NH2): a potent and fully specific agonist for the delta opioid receptor.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Analgesia; Animals; Binding, Competitive; Brain; Cell Membrane; Cerebral Ventricles; Enkephalin, Ala(2)-MePhe(4)-Gly(5)-; Enkephalin, D-Penicillamine (2,5)-; Enkephalins; Injections, Intraventricular; Kinetics; Male; Mice; Oligopeptides; Opioid Peptides; Pain; Rats; Receptors, Opioid; Receptors, Opioid, delta | 1989 |
[The effect of morphine and opiate receptor agonists on arterial pressure and the bioelectrical activity of the renal nerve during stimulation of the midbrain central gray substance].
Topics: Animals; Blood Pressure; Cats; Electric Stimulation; Enkephalin, Ala(2)-MePhe(4)-Gly(5)-; Enkephalin, Leucine; Enkephalin, Leucine-2-Alanine; Enkephalins; Kidney; Morphine; p-Chloroamphetamine; Pain; Periaqueductal Gray; Receptors, Opioid; Serotonin; Sympathetic Nervous System | 1989 |
A comparative analysis of monoaminergic involvement in the spinal antinociceptive action of DAMPGO and DPDPE.
Topics: Anesthetics; Animals; Biogenic Monoamines; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Enkephalin, Ala(2)-MePhe(4)-Gly(5)-; Enkephalin, D-Penicillamine (2,5)-; Enkephalins; Injections, Spinal; Male; Naloxone; Pain; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Receptors, Opioid; Spinal Cord | 1989 |
[Antiopiate effects of cholecystokinin octapeptide in the regulation of pain sensation and an analysis of its mechanism].
Topics: Animals; Enkephalins; Pain; Rats; Receptors, Cholecystokinin; Receptors, Opioid; Sensory Thresholds; Sincalide | 1989 |
Induction of the gene encoding pro-dynorphin by experimentally induced arthritis enhances staining for dynorphin in the spinal cord of rats.
Topics: Animals; Arthritis; Dynorphins; Enkephalins; Gene Expression Regulation; Immunohistochemistry; Male; Pain; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; RNA, Messenger; Spinal Cord | 1989 |
Opioid-like activity in the cerebrospinal fluid of pain patients treated by electroacupuncture.
Topics: beta-Endorphin; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Chronic Disease; Dynorphins; Electroacupuncture; Enkephalin, Ala(2)-MePhe(4)-Gly(5)-; Enkephalins; Humans; Pain; Pain Management; Radioimmunoassay | 1989 |
Role of endogenous enkephalins in locomotion and nociception studied with peptidase inhibitors in two inbred strains of mice (C57BL/6J and DBA/2J).
Topics: Analgesics; Animals; Cerebral Ventricles; Enkephalins; Injections, Intraventricular; Leucine; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Inbred DBA; Motor Activity; Naloxone; Pain; Protease Inhibitors; Reference Values; Species Specificity; Thiorphan | 1989 |
Preproenkephalin gene expression in the rat spinal cord after noxious stimuli.
Topics: Animals; Enkephalins; Gene Expression Regulation; Male; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Pain; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; RNA, Messenger; Spinal Cord | 1989 |
Potent antinociceptive effects of kelatorphan (a highly efficient inhibitor of multiple enkephalin-degrading enzymes) systemically administered in normal and arthritic rats.
Topics: Animals; Arthritis; Arthritis, Experimental; Dipeptides; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Enkephalins; Enzyme Inhibitors; Male; Naloxone; Pain; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains | 1989 |
Nociceptive action of excitatory amino acids in the mouse: effects of spinally administered opioids, phencyclidine and sigma agonists.
Topics: Animals; Aspartic Acid; Enkephalins; Hot Temperature; Kainic Acid; Male; Mice; N-Methylaspartate; Narcotics; Nociceptors; Oxadiazoles; Pain; Phencyclidine; Phentolamine; Quisqualic Acid; Receptors, Opioid; Receptors, sigma; Spinal Cord | 1987 |
Opioid delta-receptor involvement in supraspinal and spinal antinociception in mice.
Topics: Animals; Brain; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Combinations; Enkephalin, Ala(2)-MePhe(4)-Gly(5)-; Enkephalin, D-Penicillamine (2,5)-; Enkephalin, Leucine; Enkephalins; Hot Temperature; Injections, Intraventricular; Injections, Spinal; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred ICR; Morphine; Naltrexone; Nociceptors; Pain; Receptors, Opioid; Receptors, Opioid, delta; Spinal Cord | 1987 |
Opioid analgesia in the mouse: evidence for multiple receptors using beta-FNA.
Topics: Analgesia; Animals; Enkephalins; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred Strains; Morphine; Naltrexone; Narcotic Antagonists; Pain; Receptors, Opioid | 1986 |
Opiate receptor binding and behavioral effects of morphine in RHA/Verh and RLA/Verh rats.
Topics: Animals; Body Temperature; Cell Membrane; Corpus Striatum; Enkephalin, Ala(2)-MePhe(4)-Gly(5)-; Enkephalin, Leucine; Enkephalin, Leucine-2-Alanine; Enkephalins; Male; Morphine; Motor Activity; Pain; Rats; Rats, Mutant Strains; Receptors, Opioid; Species Specificity | 1986 |
Medial thalamic injection of opioid agonists: mu-agonist increases while kappa-agonist decreases stimulus thresholds for pain and reward.
Topics: 3,4-Dichloro-N-methyl-N-(2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-cyclohexyl)-benzeneacetamide, (trans)-Isomer; Analgesics; Animals; Electric Stimulation; Electroshock; Enkephalin, Ala(2)-MePhe(4)-Gly(5)-; Enkephalins; Infusions, Parenteral; Male; Microinjections; Naloxone; Pain; Pyrrolidines; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Receptors, Opioid; Receptors, Opioid, kappa; Receptors, Opioid, mu; Reward; Self Stimulation; Thalamus | 1988 |
Analgesic and tolerance-inducing effects of the highly selective delta opioid agonist [D-Pen2,D-Pen5]enkephalin in mice.
Topics: Analgesics; Animals; Drug Tolerance; Enkephalin, D-Penicillamine (2,5)-; Enkephalins; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred Strains; Morphine; Morphine Dependence; Pain; Reaction Time; Receptors, Opioid; Receptors, Opioid, delta; Sensory Thresholds; Substance-Related Disorders | 1988 |
Evidence for opioid receptor interactions in vivo.
Topics: Animals; Cerebral Ventricles; Enkephalin, D-Penicillamine (2,5)-; Enkephalins; Injections, Intraventricular; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred ICR; Morphine; Narcotics; Pain; Receptors, Opioid | 1988 |
Types of opioid receptors: relation to antinociception.
Topics: Animals; beta-Endorphin; Brain; Endorphins; Enkephalins; Guinea Pigs; In Vitro Techniques; Pain; Peptide Fragments; Protein Precursors; Receptors, Opioid; Receptors, Opioid, delta; Receptors, Opioid, kappa; Receptors, Opioid, mu | 1985 |
Antinociceptive profiles of opioid peptide agonists in a rat tooth pulp stimulation procedure.
Topics: 3,4-Dichloro-N-methyl-N-(2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-cyclohexyl)-benzeneacetamide, (trans)-Isomer; Analgesics; Animals; beta-Endorphin; Dental Pulp; Dynorphins; Electric Stimulation; Endorphins; Enkephalin, Ala(2)-MePhe(4)-Gly(5)-; Enkephalin, Leucine; Enkephalin, Leucine-2-Alanine; Enkephalins; Male; Pain; Peptide Fragments; Pyrrolidines; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains | 1985 |
[Frequency as the cardinal determinant for electroacupuncture analgesia to be reversed by opioid antagonists].
Topics: Acupuncture Therapy; Animals; beta-Endorphin; Dynorphins; Electric Stimulation Therapy; Endorphins; Enkephalins; Naloxone; Naltrexone; Pain; Rats; Sensory Thresholds; Transcutaneous Electric Nerve Stimulation | 1986 |
Opiates inhibit the discharges of fine afferent units from inflamed knee joint of the cat.
Topics: 3,4-Dichloro-N-methyl-N-(2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-cyclohexyl)-benzeneacetamide, (trans)-Isomer; Analgesics, Opioid; Animals; Arthritis; Cats; Cyclazocine; Enkephalin, Ala(2)-MePhe(4)-Gly(5)-; Enkephalins; Ethylketocyclazocine; Morphine; Naloxone; Nociceptors; Pain; Peripheral Nerves; Pyrrolidines | 1987 |
Bilateral intranigral microinjection of morphine and opioid peptides produces antinociception in rats.
Topics: Animals; Dynorphins; Endorphins; Enkephalin, Leucine; Enkephalin, Leucine-2-Alanine; Enkephalins; Male; Microinjections; Morphine; Naloxone; Pain; Pain Measurement; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Reaction Time; Substantia Nigra | 1987 |
Analgesia and the blood-brain barrier transport system for Tyr-MIF-1/enkephalins: evidence for a dissociation.
Topics: Animals; Blood-Brain Barrier; Enkephalins; Food Deprivation; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred ICR; Morphine; MSH Release-Inhibiting Hormone; Naloxone; Pain; Restraint, Physical; Stereoisomerism; Stress, Physiological; Time Factors; Water Deprivation | 1988 |
Attenuation of tourniquet-induced pain in man by D-phenylalanine, a putative inhibitor of enkephalin degradation.
Topics: Adult; Arm; Double-Blind Method; Enkephalins; Female; Humans; Ischemia; Male; Middle Aged; Pain; Phenylalanine; Pressure; Tourniquets | 1987 |
Multiple opioid peptides and the modulation of pain: immunohistochemical analysis of dynorphin and enkephalin in the trigeminal nucleus caudalis and spinal cord of the cat.
Topics: Animals; Cats; Dynorphins; Enkephalins; Immunohistochemistry; Nerve Endings; Pain; Spinal Cord; Trigeminal Nucleus, Spinal | 1985 |
Analgesia in defeated mice: evidence for mediation via central rather than pituitary or adrenal endogenous opioid peptides.
Topics: Animals; beta-Endorphin; Central Nervous System; Dexamethasone; Endorphins; Enkephalins; Male; Mice; Pain; Pituitary-Adrenal System; Reserpine; Social Behavior; Stress, Psychological | 1988 |
Failure of ES 52, a highly potent enkephalinase inhibitor, to affect nociceptive transmission by rat dorsal horn convergent neurones.
Topics: Amino Acids, Sulfur; Animals; Enkephalins; Male; Nociceptors; Pain; Rats; Spinal Cord; Synaptic Transmission; Thiorphan; Tiopronin | 1985 |
Studies on spinal opiate receptor pharmacology. III. Analgetic effects of enkephalin dimers as measured by cutaneous-thermal and visceral-chemical evoked responses.
Topics: Acetates; Acetic Acid; Analgesics; Animals; Enkephalin, Leucine; Enkephalin, Leucine-2-Alanine; Enkephalins; Hot Temperature; Male; Morphine; Pain; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Receptors, Opioid; Skin; Spinal Cord | 1985 |
Multiple mu opiate receptors: biochemical and pharmacological evidence for multiplicity.
Topics: Animals; Dihydromorphine; Enkephalins; Humans; Morphine; Pain; Receptors, Opioid; Receptors, Opioid, mu | 1986 |
Stress-induced changes in the analgesic and thermic effects of opioid peptides in the rat.
Topics: Animals; Body Temperature; Enkephalin, Ala(2)-MePhe(4)-Gly(5)-; Enkephalin, Leucine; Enkephalin, Leucine-2-Alanine; Enkephalins; Injections, Intraventricular; Male; Morphine; Pain; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Receptors, Opioid; Restraint, Physical; Stress, Physiological | 1986 |
Evidence from behavioural and in vitro receptor binding studies that the enkephalinergic system does not mediate acute ethanol effects.
Topics: Animals; Behavior, Animal; Body Temperature; Enkephalin, Leucine; Enkephalin, Leucine-2-Alanine; Enkephalins; Ethanol; In Vitro Techniques; Narcotic Antagonists; Pain; Psychomotor Performance; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Reaction Time; Receptors, Opioid | 1986 |
Frontiers of research in the medicinal chemistry and molecular pharmacology of opioid peptides.
Topics: Animals; Endorphins; Enkephalins; Humans; Pain; Receptors, Opioid; Structure-Activity Relationship | 1986 |
The enkephalinase inhibitor, GB 52, does not affect nociceptive flexion reflexes nor pain sensation in humans.
Topics: Adult; Amino Acids, Sulfur; Electric Stimulation; Endopeptidases; Enkephalins; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Neprilysin; Pain; Protease Inhibitors; Recruitment, Neurophysiological; Reflex; Spinal Cord; Sural Nerve; Synaptic Transmission; Thiorphan; Tiopronin | 1986 |
Studies on the mesolimbic loop of antinociception--II. A serotonin-enkephalin interaction in the nucleus accumbens.
Topics: Animals; Brain Mapping; Enkephalins; Morphine; Naloxone; Neural Pathways; Nucleus Accumbens; Pain; Periaqueductal Gray; Rabbits; Septal Nuclei; Serotonin; Synaptic Transmission | 1986 |
In vivo evidence for spinal delta-opiate receptor operated antinociception.
Topics: Animals; Enkephalin, D-Penicillamine (2,5)-; Enkephalins; Male; Nociceptors; Pain; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Receptors, Opioid; Receptors, Opioid, delta; Spinal Cord | 1986 |
Differential depressive action of two mu and delta opioid ligands on neuronal responses to noxious stimuli in the thalamic ventrobasal complex of rat.
Topics: Action Potentials; Animals; Electrophysiology; Enkephalin, Ala(2)-MePhe(4)-Gly(5)-; Enkephalins; Hot Temperature; Male; Naloxone; Neurons; Oligopeptides; Pain; Physical Stimulation; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Receptors, Opioid; Receptors, Opioid, delta; Receptors, Opioid, mu; Thalamus | 1986 |
Opioid receptor subtypes in the rat spinal cord: electrophysiological studies with mu- and delta-opioid receptor agonists in the control of nociception.
Topics: Animals; Enkephalin, Ala(2)-MePhe(4)-Gly(5)-; Enkephalin, D-Penicillamine (2,5)-; Enkephalins; Male; Oligopeptides; Pain; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Receptors, Opioid; Receptors, Opioid, delta; Receptors, Opioid, mu; Spinal Cord; Synaptic Transmission | 1987 |
The measurement of pain.
Topics: Blood Pressure; Endorphins; Enkephalins; Heart Rate; Humans; Pain; Pain Measurement; Skin Temperature | 1988 |
antinociceptive properties of [D-Ala2, NMPhe4, Gly-ol]-enkephalin (DAGO) in tests of acute and tonic pain in mice.
Topics: Acute Disease; Animals; Cerebral Ventricles; Chronic Disease; Enkephalin, Ala(2)-MePhe(4)-Gly(5)-; Enkephalins; Injections, Intraperitoneal; Injections, Intraventricular; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred ICR; Pain | 1988 |
[D-Met2,Pro5] enkephalin [N1.5-beta-D-glucopyranosyl] amide: a glycosylpeptide with high antinociceptive activity.
Topics: Analgesics; Animals; Enkephalin, Methionine; Enkephalins; Guinea Pigs; In Vitro Techniques; Indicators and Reagents; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred ICR; Morphine; Muscle Contraction; Muscle, Smooth; Pain; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Structure-Activity Relationship | 1988 |
Immunocytochemistry of enkephalin and serotonin distribution in restricted zones of the rostral trigeminal spinal subnuclei: comparisons with subnucleus caudalis.
Topics: Action Potentials; Animals; Cats; Cell Count; Enkephalins; Horseradish Peroxidase; Immunohistochemistry; Microscopy, Electron; Nerve Endings; Neural Pathways; Pain; Serotonin; Spinothalamic Tracts; Trigeminal Nucleus, Spinal | 1987 |
Prevention of degradation of endogenous enkephalins produces inhibition of nociceptive neurones in rat spinal cord.
Topics: Action Potentials; Animals; Dipeptides; Enkephalins; Leucine; Male; Naloxone; Nerve Fibers; Neural Inhibition; Neurons, Afferent; Pain; Protease Inhibitors; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Spinal Cord; Thiorphan; Tiopronin | 1987 |
The stress-pain connection: some historical considerations and new directions.
Topics: Animals; Anxiety; Central Nervous System; Electric Stimulation; Endorphins; Enkephalins; Humans; Mental Processes; Pain; Stress, Physiological; Stress, Psychological; Transcutaneous Electric Nerve Stimulation | 1986 |
Do enkephalins in basal ganglia mediate a physiological motor rest mechanism?
Topics: Animals; Basal Ganglia; Biogenic Monoamines; Burns; Dopamine; Enkephalin, Leucine; Enkephalin, Methionine; Enkephalins; Locomotion; Male; Pain; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rest; Sensory Thresholds; Time Factors | 1986 |
[Pain and endogenous opiates].
Topics: Brain; Endorphins; Enkephalins; Humans; Pain | 1986 |
Nanoparticulate peptide delivery exclusively to the brain produces tolerance free analgesia.
Topics: Analgesia; Analgesics; Animals; Brain; Conditioning, Psychological; Drug Tolerance; Enkephalin, Leucine; Hyperalgesia; Male; Morphine; Nanoparticles; Pain; Rats, Sprague-Dawley | 2018 |
The TGR5 receptor mediates bile acid-induced itch and analgesia.
Topics: Action Potentials; Animals; Bile Acids and Salts; Capsaicin; Cells, Cultured; Cholestasis; Dermis; Enkephalin, Leucine; Female; Ganglia, Spinal; Gastrin-Releasing Peptide; Gene Expression; Macrophages; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Knockout; Neurons; Opioid Peptides; Organ Specificity; Pain; Pain Perception; Patch-Clamp Techniques; Pruritus; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled; Single-Cell Analysis; Spinal Cord | 2013 |
Delivery of analgesic peptides to the brain by nano-sized bolaamphiphilic vesicles made of monolayer membranes.
Topics: Analgesics; Animals; Blood-Brain Barrier; Brain; Cations; Chitosan; Cholinesterases; Delayed-Action Preparations; Disease Models, Animal; Drug Carriers; Drug Delivery Systems; Endorphins; Enkephalin, Leucine; Furans; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred ICR; Nanoparticles; Pain; Peptides; Pyridones; Tissue Distribution | 2013 |
[Treatment of surgical stress response by neuroleptics, leu-enkephalin, glycyl-proline dipeptide, and electroanesthesia in experimental animals].
Topics: Acepromazine; Animals; Antipsychotic Agents; Chlorpromazine; Dipeptides; Dogs; Droperidol; Enkephalin, Leucine; Gastric Emptying; Gastric Mucosa; Laparoscopy; Male; Neurotransmitter Agents; Pain; Pain Measurement; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Stomach; Stress, Physiological; Swine; Transcutaneous Electric Nerve Stimulation | 2014 |
Chitosan amphiphile coating of peptide nanofibres reduces liver uptake and delivers the peptide to the brain on intravenous administration.
Topics: Administration, Intravenous; Analgesics; Animals; Animals, Outbred Strains; Brain; Chitosan; Enkephalin, Leucine; Liver; Male; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Nanofibers; Pain; Prodrugs; Rats, Sprague-Dawley | 2015 |
Arginine vasopressin antinociception in the rat nucleus raphe magnus is involved in the endogenous opiate peptide and serotonin system.
Topics: Analgesics; Animals; Arginine Vasopressin; Choline; Enkephalin, Leucine; Enkephalin, Methionine; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Indoles; Male; Opioid Peptides; Oxytocin; Pain; Pain Measurement; Raphe Nuclei; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Serotonin | 2009 |
Oxytocin in the periaqueductal gray participates in pain modulation in the rat by influencing endogenous opiate peptides.
Topics: Animals; beta-Endorphin; Catheterization; Dynorphins; Enkephalin, Leucine; Enkephalin, Methionine; Microinjections; Naloxone; Narcotic Antagonists; Oxytocin; Pain; Pain Measurement; Pain Threshold; Peptide Fragments; Periaqueductal Gray; Radioimmunoassay; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley | 2011 |
Pain inhibition by blocking leukocytic and neuronal opioid peptidases in peripheral inflamed tissue.
Topics: Alanine; Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Antibodies; CD13 Antigens; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Dynorphins; Enkephalin, Leucine; Enkephalin, Methionine; Enzyme Inhibitors; Flow Cytometry; Hindlimb; Inflammation; Leucine; Leukocytes; Male; Narcotic Antagonists; Neprilysin; Neurons; Opioid Peptides; Pain; Pain Threshold; Phosphinic Acids; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Receptors, Opioid; Thiorphan | 2012 |
Analgesic effects of intra-nasal enkephalins.
Topics: Acetic Acid; Administration, Intranasal; Analgesics; Animals; Dicarboxylic Acids; Drug Synergism; Edetic Acid; Enkephalin, Leucine; Enzyme Inhibitors; Ketoprofen; Lysophosphatidylcholines; Mice; Mice, Inbred ICR; Pain; Pain Measurement; Surface-Active Agents; Thimerosal | 2003 |
The antinociceptive effect of Delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol in the arthritic rat.
Topics: Animals; Arthritis, Experimental; Cannabinoid Receptor Antagonists; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Dronabinol; Dynorphins; Enkephalin, Leucine; Enkephalin, Methionine; Freund's Adjuvant; Injections, Intradermal; Injections, Intraperitoneal; Male; Morphine; Mycobacterium; Naloxone; Naltrexone; Narcotic Antagonists; Pain; Pain Measurement; Piperidines; Pyrazoles; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1; Receptors, Opioid; Rimonabant | 2004 |
Analgesic activity of enkephalins following intracerebral administration in the rat.
Topics: Analgesics; Animals; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Antagonism; Enkephalin, Leucine; Enkephalin, Methionine; Injections, Intraventricular; Male; Morphine; Naloxone; Narcotic Antagonists; Pain; Pain Measurement; Pain Threshold; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Tail | 1977 |
A new electrochemical HPLC method for analysis of enkephalins and endomorphins.
Topics: Animals; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Enkephalin, Leucine; Enkephalin, Methionine; Male; Microdialysis; Oligopeptides; Pain; Perfusion; Posterior Horn Cells; Potassium Chloride; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Stimulation, Chemical | 2006 |
Only arginine vasopressin, not oxytocin and endogenous opiate peptides, in hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus play a role in acupuncture analgesia in the rat.
Topics: Acupuncture Analgesia; Afferent Pathways; Animals; Arginine Vasopressin; beta-Endorphin; Dynorphins; Electric Stimulation; Enkephalin, Leucine; Extracellular Fluid; Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System; Immunohistochemistry; Male; Neurons; Opioid Peptides; Oxytocin; Pain; Paraventricular Hypothalamic Nucleus; Radioimmunoassay; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Up-Regulation | 2006 |
Great increase in antinociceptive potency of [Leu5]enkephalin after peptidase inhibition.
Topics: Animals; Captopril; Drug Synergism; Enkephalin, Leucine; Glycopeptides; Guinea Pigs; Ileum; Injections, Intraventricular; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred ICR; Muscle Contraction; Pain; Peptides; Protease Inhibitors; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Vas Deferens | 2008 |
[The role of multiple opioid receptors and their ligands in pain modulation].
Topics: Animals; Brain; Chronic Disease; Enkephalin, Leucine; Enkephalin, Methionine; Humans; Pain; Receptors, Opioid; Spinal Cord | 1984 |
In vivo evidence for multiple opiate receptors mediating analgesia in the rat spinal cord.
Topics: Animals; Cyclazocine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Dynorphins; Endorphins; Enkephalin, Leucine; Enkephalin, Leucine-2-Alanine; Ethylketocyclazocine; Injections, Spinal; Male; Naloxone; Pain; Phenazocine; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Receptors, Opioid; Spinal Cord | 1982 |
Relative involvement of mu, kappa and delta receptor mechanisms in opiate-mediated antinociception in mice.
Topics: Acetates; Acetic Acid; Analgesics, Opioid; Animals; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Enkephalin, Leucine; Enkephalin, Leucine-2-Alanine; Female; Hot Temperature; Male; Mice; Naloxone; Naltrexone; Pain; Receptors, Opioid; Receptors, Opioid, delta; Receptors, Opioid, kappa; Receptors, Opioid, mu | 1983 |
Differential effects of D-Ala2 analogues of enkephalins on substance P-induced analgesia in rodents.
Topics: Animals; Enkephalin, Leucine; Enkephalin, Leucine-2-Alanine; Enkephalin, Methionine; Injections, Intraventricular; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred ICR; Pain; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Substance P | 1982 |
The involvement of opioid delta-receptors in stress induced antinociception in mice.
Topics: Animals; Enkephalin, Leucine; Escape Reaction; Male; Mice; Naloxone; Pain; Reaction Time; Receptors, Opioid; Receptors, Opioid, delta; Stress, Physiological; Swimming | 1983 |
Opioid neurons and pain modulation: an ultrastructural analysis of enkephalin in cat superficial dorsal horn.
Topics: Animals; Axons; Cats; Dendrites; Enkephalin, Leucine; Histocytochemistry; Immunologic Techniques; Neurons; Pain; Spinal Cord; Tissue Distribution | 1983 |
Effect of inhibition of neuropeptidases on the pain threshold of mice and rats.
Topics: Aminopeptidases; Animals; Endopeptidases; Enkephalin, Leucine; Leucine; Male; Mice; Neprilysin; Pain; Protease Inhibitors; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Sensory Thresholds; Species Specificity; Thiorphan; Tiopronin | 1983 |
Prolonged intermittent footshock stress decreases Met and Leu enkephalin levels in brain with concomitant decreases in pain threshold.
Topics: Animals; Body Temperature; Brain; Electroshock; Enkephalin, Leucine; Enkephalin, Methionine; Foot; Latency Period, Psychological; Male; Morphine; Pain; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Stress, Physiological | 1983 |
Interleukin 1 beta and corticotropin-releasing factor inhibit pain by releasing opioids from immune cells in inflamed tissue.
Topics: Analysis of Variance; Animals; Antibodies; beta-Endorphin; Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone; Cyclosporine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Dynorphins; Endorphins; Enkephalin, Leucine; Enkephalin, Methionine; Humans; Inflammation; Injections; Interleukin-1; Male; Naloxone; Pain; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Recombinant Proteins; Regression Analysis; Somatostatin | 1994 |
Etonitazene-induced antinociception in mu1 opioid receptor deficient CXBK mice: evidence for a role for mu2 receptors in supraspinal antinociception.
Topics: Animals; Benzimidazoles; Cerebral Ventricles; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Enkephalin, Leucine; Hot Temperature; Injections, Intraventricular; Injections, Subcutaneous; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred ICR; Mice, Mutant Strains; Naloxone; Naltrexone; Narcotic Antagonists; Pain; Receptors, Opioid, mu; Spinal Cord | 1994 |
Responses of rat nucleus submedius neurons to enkephalins applied with micropressure.
Topics: Animals; Enkephalin, Leucine; Enkephalin, Leucine-2-Alanine; Evoked Potentials; Membrane Potentials; Micromanipulation; Naloxone; Neurons; Pain; Pressure; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Stress, Mechanical; Thalamic Nuclei | 1993 |
Enkephalin antinociception in mice is mediated by delta 1- and delta 2-opioid receptors in the brain and spinal cord, respectively.
Topics: Animals; Benzylidene Compounds; beta-Endorphin; Brain; Enkephalin, Leucine; Enkephalin, Methionine; Injections, Intraventricular; Injections, Spinal; Male; Mice; Naltrexone; Pain; Receptors, Opioid, delta; Spinal Cord | 1993 |
[Met5]enkephalin and delta2-opioid receptors in the spinal cord are involved in the cold water swimming-induced antinociception in the mouse.
Topics: Animals; beta-Endorphin; Cold Temperature; Dynorphins; Enkephalin, Leucine; Enkephalin, Methionine; Immune Sera; Injections, Spinal; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred ICR; Pain; Receptors, Opioid, delta; Receptors, Opioid, kappa; Receptors, Opioid, mu; Spinal Cord | 1997 |
ATP-gated K(+) channel openers enhance opioid antinociception: indirect evidence for the release of endogenous opioid peptides.
Topics: 3,4-Dichloro-N-methyl-N-(2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-cyclohexyl)-benzeneacetamide, (trans)-Isomer; Adenosine Triphosphate; Analgesics; Animals; Cromakalim; Diazoxide; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Interactions; Enkephalin, D-Penicillamine (2,5)-; Enkephalin, Leucine; Glyburide; Injections, Intraventricular; Ion Channel Gating; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred ICR; Morphine; Naltrexone; Narcotic Antagonists; Nociceptors; Opioid Peptides; Pain; Potassium Channels; Receptors, Opioid; Receptors, Opioid, delta; Receptors, Opioid, kappa; Receptors, Opioid, mu; Somatostatin | 1999 |
Involvement of dynorphin in immobilization stress-induced antinociception in the mouse.
Topics: Animals; beta-Endorphin; Cerebral Ventricles; Dynorphins; Enkephalin, Leucine; Enkephalin, Methionine; Immune Sera; Injections, Intraventricular; Injections, Spinal; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred ICR; Pain; Pain Measurement; Reaction Time; Restraint, Physical; Stress, Psychological | 2000 |
Antisera against endogenous opioids increase the nocifensive response to formalin: demonstration of inhibitory beta-endorphinergic control.
Topics: Animals; beta-Endorphin; Dynorphins; Enkephalin, Leucine; Enkephalin, Methionine; Formaldehyde; Immune Sera; Injections, Intraventricular; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred ICR; Nociceptors; Opioid Peptides; Pain | 2001 |
Differential antinociceptive effects induced by intrathecally administered endomorphin-1 and endomorphin-2 in the mouse.
Topics: Analgesics; Animals; Benzylidene Compounds; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Dynorphins; Enkephalin, Ala(2)-MePhe(4)-Gly(5)-; Enkephalin, Leucine; Enkephalin, Methionine; Immune Sera; Injections, Spinal; Injections, Subcutaneous; Male; Mice; Naloxone; Naltrexone; Narcotic Antagonists; Oligopeptides; Pain; Pain Measurement; Pain Threshold; Peptide Fragments; Time Factors | 2001 |
Improved blood-brain barrier penetration and enhanced analgesia of an opioid peptide by glycosylation.
Topics: Analgesics, Opioid; Animals; Blood-Brain Barrier; Drug Stability; Enkephalin, Leucine; Glycosylation; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred ICR; Opioid Peptides; Pain; Perfusion | 2001 |
Decreased cerebrospinal fluid neuropeptide-converting enzyme activity in monoarthritic rats.
Topics: Animals; Arthritis, Experimental; Cerebrospinal Fluid; Cysteine Endopeptidases; Enkephalin, Leucine; Male; Metalloendopeptidases; Pain; Peptide Fragments; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Substance P | 1992 |
Role of spinal opioid receptors in the antinociceptive interactions between intrathecal morphine and bupivacaine.
Topics: Analgesics; Animals; Bupivacaine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Synergism; Enkephalin, Leucine; Injections, Spinal; Male; Morphine; Naloxone; Pain; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Receptors, Opioid; Spinal Cord | 1992 |
Modulation of mu-mediated antinociception in the mouse involves opioid delta-2 receptors.
Topics: Animals; Drug Interactions; Enkephalin, Leucine; Enkephalin, Leucine-2-Alanine; Injections, Intraventricular; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred ICR; Morphine; Narcotic Antagonists; Pain; Receptors, Opioid, delta; Receptors, Opioid, mu | 1992 |
Effects of atropine on the changes of pain threshold and contents of leucine-enkephalin and catecholamines of the brain in rats induced by EA.
Topics: Animals; Atropine; Brain; Catecholamines; Electroacupuncture; Enkephalin, Leucine; Injections, Intraperitoneal; Pain; Rats; Sensory Thresholds | 1992 |
Modifications of social conflict-induced analgesic and activity responses in male mice receiving chronic opioid agonist and antagonist treatments.
Topics: 3,4-Dichloro-N-methyl-N-(2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-cyclohexyl)-benzeneacetamide, (trans)-Isomer; Animals; Conflict, Psychological; Enkephalin, Leucine; Infusion Pumps, Implantable; Levorphanol; Male; Mice; Motor Activity; Naltrexone; Narcotic Antagonists; Narcotics; Pain; Pyrrolidines; Receptors, Opioid; Social Behavior; Sodium Chloride | 1991 |
[The effect of leu-enkephalin and its synthetic analog on the behavior of rats with different sensitivities to ethanol].
Topics: Alcohol Drinking; Animals; Behavior, Animal; Disease Susceptibility; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Enkephalin, Leucine; Male; Pain; Rats; Sleep; Stress, Physiological | 1991 |
[The role of substance P in electroacupuncture analgesia and its relation to enkephalins in the rat brain].
Topics: Acupuncture Analgesia; Animals; Brain; Electroacupuncture; Enkephalin, Leucine; Male; Pain; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Sensory Thresholds; Substance P | 1990 |
[The possibility of predicting the antinociceptive effect of dalargin in the preoperative period].
Topics: Adult; Analgesics; Enkephalin, Leucine; Enkephalin, Leucine-2-Alanine; Evoked Potentials, Somatosensory; Humans; Middle Aged; Pain; Preanesthetic Medication; Sensory Thresholds | 1990 |
[The role of humoral factors in the mechanism of the analgesic effect of electroacupuncture].
Topics: Animals; Dinoprost; Dogs; Electroacupuncture; Enkephalin, Leucine; Enkephalin, Methionine; Histamine; Pain; Serotonin | 1990 |
Relation between the therapeutic effect of moxibustion in treating arthralgia and SP and enkephalin in nervous tissues.
Topics: Animals; Arthritis; Arthritis, Experimental; Enkephalin, Leucine; Male; Moxibustion; Pain; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Sciatic Nerve; Sensory Thresholds; Spinal Cord; Substance P | 1989 |
Effects of phentolamine and propranolol on the changes of pain threshold and contents of MEK and LEK in rat brain after EA.
Topics: Animals; Brain; Electroacupuncture; Enkephalin, Leucine; Enkephalin, Methionine; Male; Pain; Phentolamine; Propranolol; Rats; Sensory Thresholds | 1989 |
[Effect of intraseptal noradrenaline on somatic and visceral pain threshold of rabbits].
Topics: Analgesia; Animals; Enkephalin, Leucine; Microinjections; Norepinephrine; Pain; Rabbits; Sensory Thresholds; Septal Nuclei; Viscera | 1989 |
[A study of the leucine enkephalin like substance and enkephalin degrading enzyme activity in human cerebrospinal fluid].
Topics: Adult; Aminopeptidases; Enkephalin, Leucine; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Pain | 1989 |
Hyperalgesia produced by intrathecal opioid antagonists depends on receptor selectivity and noxious stimulus.
Topics: Analgesia; Animals; Benzomorphans; Enkephalin, Leucine; Hyperalgesia; Hyperesthesia; Injections, Spinal; Male; Morphinans; Naloxone; Narcotic Antagonists; Pain; Rats; Receptors, Opioid | 1986 |
Upregulation of opioid receptor subtypes correlates with potency changes of morphine and DADLE.
Topics: Animals; Brain; Enkephalin, Leucine; Enkephalin, Leucine-2-Alanine; Male; Mice; Morphine; Naltrexone; Pain; Receptors, Opioid; Receptors, Opioid, delta; Receptors, Opioid, mu | 1988 |
[Effects of opiate and opioid peptides administered intrathecally on the pain threshold and micturition reflex in rats].
Topics: Animals; Dynorphins; Endorphins; Enkephalin, Leucine; Enkephalin, Leucine-2-Alanine; Female; Injections, Spinal; Morphine; Pain; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Reflex; Sensory Thresholds; Urination | 1986 |
Behavioral effects of centrally administered dynorphin and [D-ala2-D-leu] enkephalin (DADLE) in rats.
Topics: Acoustic Stimulation; Animals; Avoidance Learning; Cerebral Ventricles; Dynorphins; Enkephalin, Leucine; Enkephalin, Leucine-2-Alanine; Hot Temperature; Injections, Intraventricular; Male; Motor Activity; Pain; Rats; Rats, Inbred F344; Reflex, Startle | 1986 |
[Enkephalin metabolism in human serum; serum Leu-enkephalin concentration in patients with acute and chronic pain].
Topics: Adult; Back Pain; Enkephalin, Leucine; Female; Herpes Zoster; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Pain; Pain, Postoperative | 1986 |
Role of endogenous opioids in soman (pinacolyl methylphosphonofluoridate)-induced antinociception.
Topics: Animals; beta-Endorphin; Corpus Striatum; Endopeptidases; Endorphins; Enkephalin, Leucine; Male; Mice; Neprilysin; Pain; Pituitary Gland; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Soman | 1987 |
Fluoxetine, a selective inhibitor of serotonin uptake, potentiates morphine analgesia without altering its discriminative stimulus properties or affinity for opioid receptors.
Topics: Animals; Binding, Competitive; Brain; Discrimination, Psychological; Drug Synergism; Enkephalin, Leucine; Enkephalin, Leucine-2-Alanine; Female; Fluoxetine; Male; Morphine; Naloxone; Pain; Propylamines; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Receptors, Opioid; Serotonin | 1985 |
Increased analgesic potency of morphine and increased brain opioid binding sites in the rat following chronic naltrexone treatment.
Topics: Animals; Binding, Competitive; Brain; Drug Implants; Drug Interactions; Enkephalin, Leucine; Enkephalin, Leucine-2-Alanine; Male; Morphine; Naloxone; Naltrexone; Pain; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Reaction Time; Receptors, Opioid; Time Factors | 1985 |
Visualization of mu1 opiate receptors in rat brain by using a computerized autoradiographic subtraction technique.
Topics: Animals; Autoradiography; Binding Sites; Brain Chemistry; Dihydromorphine; Enkephalin, Leucine; Enkephalin, Leucine-2-Alanine; Pain; Periaqueductal Gray; Raphe Nuclei; Rats; Receptors, Opioid; Receptors, Opioid, delta; Receptors, Opioid, mu; Subtraction Technique; Thalamus | 1985 |
Changes in 3H-leucine enkephalin binding in spinal cord of frog after dorsal rhizotomy, cordotomy, transcutaneous stimulation and temperature variations: correlation with nociceptive sensitivity.
Topics: Animals; Binding Sites; Denervation; Electric Stimulation; Enkephalin, Leucine; Membranes; Pain; Rana temporaria; Receptors, Opioid; Spinal Cord; Temperature | 1985 |
Studies on the effects of intrathalamically injected DADL and morphine on nociceptive thresholds and electroencephalographic activity: a thalamic delta receptor syndrome.
Topics: Animals; Electroencephalography; Enkephalin, Leucine; Enkephalin, Leucine-2-Alanine; Male; Morphine; Pain; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Receptors, Opioid; Receptors, Opioid, delta; Seizures; Sensory Thresholds; Thalamus | 1986 |
[Influence of electroacupuncture and antagonism of electroacupuncture analgesia by naloxone on enkephalin-like immunoreactivity in guinea pig's adrenal and spinal cord].
Topics: Acupuncture Therapy; Adrenal Glands; Analgesia; Animals; Electric Stimulation; Enkephalin, Leucine; Enkephalin, Methionine; Guinea Pigs; Immunohistochemistry; Male; Naloxone; Pain; Sensory Thresholds; Spinal Cord | 1988 |
[Evaluation of endogenous leucine enkephalin like substance in human cerebrospinal fluid--Part 2].
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Enkephalin, Leucine; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Pain; Radioimmunoassay; Reference Values | 1988 |
[Influence of captopril on the in vitro and in vivo effects of leu- and met-enkephalins].
Topics: Animals; Captopril; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; Drug Synergism; Enkephalin, Leucine; Enkephalin, Methionine; Female; Guinea Pigs; Male; Mice; Muscle Contraction; Muscle, Smooth; Naloxone; Pain; Time Factors | 1987 |
A preliminary study on the mechanism of ear-acupuncture for withdrawal of smoking.
Topics: Acupuncture Therapy; Adult; Double-Blind Method; Ear, External; Enkephalin, Leucine; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Pain; Random Allocation; Sensory Thresholds; Smoking; Taste Threshold | 1987 |
Evidence for opioid and non-opioid forms of stress-induced analgesia in the snail, Cepaea nemoralis.
Topics: Animals; Cold Temperature; Endorphins; Enkephalin, Leucine; Hot Temperature; Naloxone; Naltrexone; Pain; Reaction Time; Snails; Stress, Physiological | 1987 |
Sex and day-night differences in opiate-induced responses of insular wild deer mice, Peromyscus maniculatus triangularis.
Topics: 3,4-Dichloro-N-methyl-N-(2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-cyclohexyl)-benzeneacetamide, (trans)-Isomer; Analgesics; Animals; Behavior, Animal; Circadian Rhythm; Enkephalin, Leucine; Feeding Behavior; Female; Male; Morphine; Motor Activity; Naloxone; Narcotic Antagonists; Narcotics; Pain; Peromyscus; Pyrrolidines; Sex Characteristics | 1987 |
The effects of selective opioid delta-receptor antagonists on stress-induced antinociception and plasma corticosterone levels in mice.
Topics: Analgesia; Animals; Enkephalin, Leucine; Hydrocortisone; Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System; Male; Mice; Naloxone; Narcotic Antagonists; Pain; Pituitary-Adrenal System; Stress, Physiological | 1985 |