enkephalin, leucine and Drug Withdrawal Symptoms

enkephalin, leucine has been researched along with Drug Withdrawal Symptoms in 104 studies

Research

Studies (104)

Timeframe	Studies, this research(%)	All Research%
pre-1990	35 (33.65)	18.7374
1990's	37 (35.58)	18.2507
2000's	22 (21.15)	29.6817
2010's	10 (9.62)	24.3611
2020's	0 (0.00)	2.80

Authors

Authors	Studies
Caffino, L; Candeletti, S; Caputi, FF; Fumagalli, F; Romualdi, P	1
Crawford, EF; George, O; Koob, GF; Park, PE; Schlosburg, JE; Vendruscolo, LF; Whitfield, TW	1
Cepeda, C; Cui, Y; Evans, CJ; Ge, W; James, AS; Jentsch, JD; Kieffer, BL; Levine, MS; Maidment, NT; Mittal, N; Murphy, NP; Ostlund, SB; Park, CS; Roberts, KW; Sun, YE; Walwyn, WM; Yang, XW	1
Gibula-Bruzda, E; Izdebski, J; Kotlinska, JH; Marszalek-Grabska, M; Witkowska, E	1
Hang, A; Liu, JG; Liu, Y; Shu, XH; Wang, Q; Wang, YJ; Zan, GY	1
Fink, DJ; Hao, S; Hu, J	1
Horner, KA; Lauterbach, EC; Noble, ES	1
Bing, G; Jang, CG; Kim, HC; Koo, KH; Nabeshima, T; Oh, CH; Oh, KW; Park, DH; Shin, EJ; Yamada, K	1
Földes, A; Kovács, KJ; Luisa Laorden, M; Martín, F; Núñez, C; Victoria Milanés, M	1
Hadjiconstantinou, M; McCarthy, MJ; Neff, NH; Zhang, H	1
Candeletti, S; Caputi, FF; D'Addario, C; Del Borrello, E; Gandolfi, O; Rimondini, R; Romualdi, P	1
Adenan, MI; Jamil, MF; Khor, BS; Shu-Chien, AC	1
Butelman, ER; Ho, A; Kreek, MJ; Schlussman, SD; Zhang, Y	1
Johnson, AD; Peoples, J; Stornetta, RL; Van Bockstaele, EJ	1
King, MA; Nitsche, JF; Pasternak, GW; Pintar, JE; Schuller, AG; Zengh, M	1
Ho, A; Kreek, MJ; Schlussman, SD; Spangler, R; Zhou, Y	1
Manzanares, J; Oliva, JM; Ortiz, S; Palomo, T	1
Ho, A; Kreek, MJ; Spangler, R; Zhou, Y	1
Christie, MJ; Hack, SP; Vaughan, CW	1
Berrendero, F; Bilkei-Gorzo, A; Galeote, L; Maldonado, R; Mendizábal, V; Robledo, P; Zimmer, A	1
Bailey, A; Bendor, J; Ho, A; Kreek, MJ; Schlussman, SD; Yuferov, V; Zhou, Y	1
Bezard, E; Bilbao, A; Chen, JF; Cippitelli, A; Granado, N; Martín, AB; Moratalla, R; Navarro, M; Ortiz, O; Rodríguez de Fonseca, F	1
Maidment, NT; Shoblock, JR	1
Hadjiconstantinou, M; Isola, R; Neff, NH; Tejwani, GA; Zhang, H	1
de Miguel, R; Fernández-Ruiz, J; Maestro, B; Michael Walker, J; Ramos, JA; Rubio, M	1
Chang, JK; Jen, MF; Lee, NM; Loh, HH; Tulunay, FC	1
Agnoli, A; Ceci, E; Denaro, A; Falaschi, P	1
Huang, YH; Redmond, DE	1
Krystal, JH; Redmond, DE	1
Doi, T; Fujino, M; Ishii, H; Kawai, K; Kuzuna, S; Okanishi, S; Tamura, S	1
Moreton, JE; Tortella, FC	1
Isaacson, RL; Lanthorn, TH	1
Ackermann, RF; Caldecott-Hazard, S; Engel, J; Frederickson, RC; Liebeskind, JC; Shavit, Y	1
Bhargava, HN	2
Wei, ET	1
Brady, LS; Holtzman, SG	1
Nylander, I; Terenius, L; Vlaskovska, M	2
Blommaert, AG; Ducos, B; Fournie-Zaluski, MC; Maldonado, R; Roques, BP; Valverde, O	1
Il'Ina, AD; Klodt, PM; Maisky, AI; Zaitsev, SV	1
Bhargava, HN; Matwyshyn, GA; Reddy, PL; Thorat, SN	1
Capasso, A; Di Giannuario, A; Loizzo, A; Pieretti, S; Sagratella, S; Sorrentino, L	1
Cox, BM; Noble, F	1
Fournié-Zaluski, MC; Maldonado, R; Roques, BP; Ruiz, F	1
Befort, K; Dierich, A; Dollé, P; Hanoune, J; Kieffer, BL; Kitchen, I; Le Meur, M; Maldonado, R; Matthes, HW; Roques, BP; Simonin, F; Slowe, S; Tzavara, E; Valverde, O	1
Fukunaga, Y; Inoue, N; Kishioka, S; Nishida, S; Yamamoto, H	1
Aley, KO; Levine, JD	1
Ammer, H; Schulz, R	1
Castelli, MP; Diaz, G; Fadda, P; Gessa, GL; Mameli, M; Melis, M	1
Capasso, A; Sorrentino, L	1
Mathé, AA; Nylander, I; Stenfors, C; Tan-No, K; Terenius, L	1
Banks, WA; Kastin, AJ; Plotkin, SR	1
Dierich, A; Kieffer, BL; Kitchen, I; Le Meur, M; Maldonado, R; Roques, BP; Simonin, F; Slowe, S; Smadja, C; Valverde, O	1
Lasoń, W; Przewłocka, B; Przewłocki, R; Turchan, J	1
Fukunaga, Y; Inoue, N; Kishioka, S; Miyamoto, M; Nishida, S; Yamamoto, H	1
Hurd, YL; Svensson, P	1
Satyapriya, A; Sheu, MJ; Sribanditmongkol, P; Tejwani, GA	1
Dasgupta, R; Houdi, AA; Kindy, MS	1
Capasso, A; Pinto, A; Sorrentino, L	1
Fukunaga, Y; Inoue, N; Kishioka, S; Miyamoto, M; Yamamoto, H	1
Cappendijk, SL; Hurd, YL; Nylander, I; Terenius, L; van Ree, JM	1
Fuchs, PN; Raja, SN; Roza, C; Sora, I; Uhl, G	1
Fukunaga, Y; Kishioka, S	1
Arroyo, M; Baker, WA; Everitt, BJ	1
Maldonado, R; Valjent, E; Valverde, O; Zimmer, A; Zimmer, AM	1
Banks, WA; Cohn, CS; Kastin, AJ; Plotkin, SR	1
Cupo, A; Nieto, MM; Noble, F; Roques, BP; Wilson, J	1
Duchemin, AM; Hadjiconstantinou, M; Isola, R; Neff, NH; Tejwani, GA; Zhang, H	1
Snyder, SH	2
Besser, GM; Clement-Jones, V; Lowry, PJ; McLoughlin, L; Rees, LH; Wen, HL	1
Bowie, DL; Gross, E; Morell, JL; Pert, A; Pert, CB	1
Khazan, N; Moreton, JE; Tortella, FC	1
Cuatrecasas, P; Miller, RJ	1
Baxter, MG; Follenfant, RL; Miller, AA; Sethna, DM	1
Costa, E; Fratta, W; Hong, J; Yang, HY	1
Ho, WK; Lam, S; Ma, L; Wen, HL	1
Bergström, L; Terenius, L	1
Baumeister, AA; Hurry, MJ; Richard, AL; Richmond-Landeche, L; Waguespack, AM	1
Andrews, N; File, SE; Rattray, M; Singhvi, S; Wu, PY	1
Fournié-Zaluski, MC; Maldonado, R; Roques, BP	1
Harbuz, M; Kawata, M; Lightman, SL; Russell, JA; Sumner, BE	1
Bhargava, HN; Gulati, A	1
Baas, AA; Dzoljic, MM; Dzoljic, MR; Rupreht, J; Ukponmwan, OE; van den Berg, DJ	1
Feger, J; Maldonado, R; Roques, BP; Waksman, G	1
Feger, J; Fournié-Zaluski, MC; Maldonado, R; Roques, BP	1
Nishida, N	1
Costa, E; Mocchetti, I; Ritter, A	1
Stevens, CW; Yaksh, TL	1
Dzoljic, MR; Haffmans, J; van Amsterdam, JC; Walsum, MV	1
Ryan, JP; Schwartz, JP; Uhl, GR	1
Hughes, DG; Moses, MA; Snell, CR	1
Ho, WK; Wen, HL; Wen, PY	1
Gambino, MC; Petrillo, P; Tavani, A	1
Miyamoto, Y; Portoghese, PS; Takemori, AE	1
Bilsky, EJ; Davis, P; Davis, TP; Egleton, RD; Hruby, VJ; Huber, JD; Janders, J; Jones, H; Mitchell, SA; Palian, MM; Polt, R; Porreca, F; Yamamura, HI	1
Ayesta, FJ; Flórez, J	1
Dua, AK; LaBella, FS; Pinsky, C	1
Tsou, K; Wang, FS	1
Gershow, J; Krames, ES; Wilkie, DJ	1
Kotlińska, J; Langwiński, R	1
Elsworth, JD; Redmond, DE; Roth, RH	1

Reviews

4 review(s) available for enkephalin, leucine and Drug Withdrawal Symptoms

Article	Year
Multiple mechanisms of withdrawal from opioid drugs. Annual review of neuroscience, 1984, Volume: 7 Topics: Acetylcholine; Adenine Nucleotides; Animals; Benzodiazepines; Calcium; Calmodulin; Clonidine; Conditioning, Psychological; Cyclic GMP; Dopamine; Drug Tolerance; Enkephalins; Fear; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Humans; Methadone; Naloxone; Narcotic Antagonists; Narcotics; Neurons; Norepinephrine; Protein Conformation; Receptors, Opioid; Serotonin; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome	1984
Enkephalinergic neurons in the periaqueductal gray and morphine withdrawal. Japanese journal of pharmacology, 2000, Volume: 82, Issue:3 Topics: Animals; Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein; Enkephalins; Humans; Morphine Dependence; Periaqueductal Gray; Protein Precursors; RNA, Messenger; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome	2000
Receptors, neurotransmitters and drug responses. The New England journal of medicine, 1979, Mar-01, Volume: 300, Issue:9 Topics: Animals; Antipsychotic Agents; Behavior; Brain Chemistry; Cyclic AMP; Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced; Enkephalins; Humans; Hyperthyroidism; Models, Biological; Muscle Denervation; Neurons; Neurotransmitter Agents; Norepinephrine; Pineal Gland; Propranolol; Receptors, Adrenergic; Receptors, Cell Surface; Receptors, Dopamine; Receptors, Drug; Receptors, Nicotinic; Receptors, Opioid; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; Substance-Related Disorders	1979
Neurobiology and neuropharmacology of the enkephalins. Advances in biochemical psychopharmacology, 1979, Volume: 20 Topics: Analgesics; Animals; Brain Chemistry; Central Nervous System; Drug Tolerance; Electrophysiology; Endocrine Glands; Endorphins; Enkephalins; Humans; Molecular Conformation; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome	1979

Other Studies

100 other study(ies) available for enkephalin, leucine and Drug Withdrawal Symptoms

Article	Year
Short-term withdrawal from repeated exposure to cocaine during adolescence modulates dynorphin mRNA levels and BDNF signaling in the rat nucleus accumbens. Drug and alcohol dependence, 2019, 04-01, Volume: 197 Topics: Animals; Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor; Cocaine-Related Disorders; Dynorphins; Enkephalins; Gene Expression; Male; Nociceptin Receptor; Nucleus Accumbens; Opioid Peptides; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, Opioid; Receptors, Opioid, kappa; RNA, Messenger; Signal Transduction; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome	2019
Long-term antagonism of κ opioid receptors prevents escalation of and increased motivation for heroin intake. The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience, 2013, Dec-04, Volume: 33, Issue:49 Topics: Animals; Anxiety; Catheterization; Conditioning, Operant; Enkephalins; Heroin Dependence; Immunohistochemistry; Male; Motivation; Naltrexone; Narcotic Antagonists; Nucleus Accumbens; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Receptors, Opioid, kappa; Reinforcement Schedule; Self Administration; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome	2013
Targeted expression of μ-opioid receptors in a subset of striatal direct-pathway neurons restores opiate reward. Nature neuroscience, 2014, Volume: 17, Issue:2 Topics: Analysis of Variance; Animals; Conditioning, Operant; Corpus Striatum; Disease Models, Animal; Dopamine; Enkephalins; Exploratory Behavior; Flow Cytometry; Green Fluorescent Proteins; Mice; Mice, Transgenic; Microdialysis; Morphine; Naloxone; Narcotic Antagonists; Narcotics; Neural Pathways; Neurons; Pain; Pain Measurement; Protein Precursors; Receptors, Opioid, mu; Reward; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome	2014
Enkephalin analog, cyclo[N(ε),N(β)-carbonyl-D-Lys(2),Dap(5)] enkephalinamide (cUENK6), inhibits the ethanol withdrawal-induced anxiety-like behavior in rats. Alcohol (Fayetteville, N.Y.), 2015, Volume: 49, Issue:3 Topics: Analgesics, Opioid; Animals; Anti-Anxiety Agents; Anxiety; Behavior, Animal; Central Nervous System Depressants; Enkephalin, Leucine; Enkephalins; Ethanol; Morphine; Naltrexone; Narcotic Antagonists; Neurotransmitter Agents; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Receptors, Opioid, delta; Receptors, Opioid, mu; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome	2015
Antagonism of κ opioid receptor in the nucleus accumbens prevents the depressive-like behaviors following prolonged morphine abstinence. Behavioural brain research, 2015, Sep-15, Volume: 291 Topics: Animals; Antidepressive Agents; Depressive Disorder; Disease Models, Animal; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Enkephalins; Male; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Morphine; Motor Activity; Naltrexone; Narcotic Antagonists; Narcotics; Nucleus Accumbens; Protein Precursors; Receptors, Opioid, kappa; RNA, Messenger; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome	2015
Transgene-mediated enkephalin expression attenuates signs of naloxone-precipitated morphine withdrawal in rats with neuropathic pain. Behavioural brain research, 2009, Jan-30, Volume: 197, Issue:1 Topics: Analgesics, Opioid; Animals; Disease Models, Animal; Enkephalins; Ganglia, Spinal; Gene Transfer Techniques; Genetic Vectors; Ligation; Lumbar Vertebrae; Male; Morphine; Morphine Dependence; Naloxone; Pain Threshold; Peripheral Nervous System Diseases; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Simplexvirus; Spinal Nerve Roots; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; Transgenes	2009
Differential regulation of prodynophin, c-fos, and serotonin transporter mRNA following withdrawal from a chronic, escalating dose regimen of D-amphetamine. Synapse (New York, N.Y.), 2009, Volume: 63, Issue:4 Topics: Amphetamine; Animals; Autoradiography; Brain; Brain Mapping; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Enkephalins; Gene Expression Regulation; Male; Protein Precursors; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; RNA, Messenger; Serotonin Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome	2009
Prodynorphin gene deficiency potentiates nalbuphine-induced behavioral sensitization and withdrawal syndrome in mice. Drug and alcohol dependence, 2009, Sep-01, Volume: 104, Issue:1-2 Topics: 3,4-Dichloro-N-methyl-N-(2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-cyclohexyl)-benzeneacetamide, (trans)-Isomer; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Analgesics, Opioid; Animals; Area Under Curve; Blotting, Western; Dopamine; Enkephalins; Gene Expression; Genes, fos; Mice; Mice, Knockout; Microdialysis; Motor Activity; Nalbuphine; Naloxone; Naltrexone; Narcotic Antagonists; Nucleus Accumbens; Protein Precursors; Receptors, Opioid, kappa; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome	2009
Induction of FosB/DeltaFosB in the brain stress system-related structures during morphine dependence and withdrawal. Journal of neurochemistry, 2010, Volume: 114, Issue:2 Topics: Animals; Brain; Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone; Dynorphins; Enkephalins; Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System; Male; Morphine; Morphine Dependence; Pituitary-Adrenal System; Protein Precursors; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Stress, Physiological; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase	2010
Desensitization of δ-opioid receptors in nucleus accumbens during nicotine withdrawal. Psychopharmacology, 2011, Volume: 213, Issue:4 Topics: Adenylyl Cyclases; Animals; Autoradiography; Enkephalins; Male; Mice; Nicotine; Nucleus Accumbens; Protein Binding; Receptors, Opioid, delta; RNA, Messenger; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; Time Factors; Tobacco Use Disorder	2011
Different alcohol exposures induce selective alterations on the expression of dynorphin and nociceptin systems related genes in rat brain. Addiction biology, 2013, Volume: 18, Issue:3 Topics: Alcohol Drinking; Alcoholic Intoxication; Amygdala; Animals; Brain; Central Nervous System Depressants; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Dynorphins; Enkephalins; Ethanol; Gene Expression; Male; Nociceptin; Opioid Peptides; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Reflex, Righting; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome	2013
Mitragynine attenuates withdrawal syndrome in morphine-withdrawn zebrafish. PloS one, 2011, Volume: 6, Issue:12 Topics: Animals; Anxiety; Behavior, Animal; Conditioning, Psychological; Enkephalins; Female; Gene Expression Regulation; Hydrocortisone; Male; Morphine; Protein Precursors; Receptors, Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone; RNA, Messenger; Secologanin Tryptamine Alkaloids; Spatial Behavior; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; Swimming; Zebrafish	2011
Effects of withdrawal from chronic escalating-dose binge cocaine on conditioned place preference to cocaine and striatal preproenkephalin mRNA in C57BL/6J mice. Neuropharmacology, 2012, Volume: 63, Issue:2 Topics: Animals; Association Learning; Behavior, Animal; Cocaine; Conditioning, Operant; Corpus Striatum; Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors; Drug Administration Schedule; Enkephalins; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Protein Precursors; RNA, Messenger; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome	2012
Opioid circuits originating from the nucleus paragigantocellularis and their potential role in opiate withdrawal. Brain research, 2002, Nov-15, Volume: 955, Issue:1-2 Topics: Animals; Enkephalins; Locus Coeruleus; Male; Medulla Oblongata; Morphine; Narcotics; Neural Pathways; Neurons; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; RNA, Messenger; Solitary Nucleus; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome	2002
Genetic dissociation of opiate tolerance and physical dependence in delta-opioid receptor-1 and preproenkephalin knock-out mice. The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience, 2002, Dec-15, Volume: 22, Issue:24 Topics: Analgesics, Opioid; Animals; Drug Tolerance; Enkephalins; Gene Targeting; Mice; Mice, Knockout; Morphine; Morphine Dependence; N-Methylaspartate; Protein Precursors; Receptors, Opioid, delta; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome	2002
Alterations in hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activity and in levels of proopiomelanocortin and corticotropin-releasing hormone-receptor 1 mRNAs in the pituitary and hypothalamus of the rat during chronic 'binge' cocaine and withdrawal. Brain research, 2003, Feb-28, Volume: 964, Issue:2 Topics: Adrenal Glands; Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Amygdala; Animals; Blotting, Northern; Cocaine; Corticosterone; Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone; Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors; Enkephalins; Frontal Lobe; Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System; Male; Pituitary Gland; Pituitary-Adrenal System; Pro-Opiomelanocortin; Protein Precursors; Radioimmunoassay; Rats; Rats, Inbred F344; Receptors, Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone; RNA, Messenger; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; Time Factors	2003
Behavioural and gene transcription alterations induced by spontaneous cannabinoid withdrawal in mice. Journal of neurochemistry, 2003, Volume: 85, Issue:1 Topics: Animals; Autoradiography; Behavior, Animal; Benzoxazines; Binding, Competitive; Body Temperature; Brain; Cannabinoids; Corticosterone; Cyclohexanols; Disease Models, Animal; Drug Tolerance; Enkephalins; Exploratory Behavior; Guanosine 5'-O-(3-Thiotriphosphate); Male; Mice; Morpholines; Motor Activity; Naphthalenes; Pro-Opiomelanocortin; Protein Precursors; RNA, Messenger; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; Transcription, Genetic; Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase	2003
Increased CRH mRNA levels in the rat amygdala during short-term withdrawal from chronic 'binge' cocaine. Brain research. Molecular brain research, 2003, May-26, Volume: 114, Issue:1 Topics: Amygdala; Animals; Brain Stem; Chronic Disease; Cocaine; Cocaine-Related Disorders; Corticosterone; Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone; Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors; Enkephalins; Frontal Lobe; Gene Expression; Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System; Male; Pituitary-Adrenal System; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Inbred F344; RNA, Messenger; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome	2003
Modulation of GABA release during morphine withdrawal in midbrain neurons in vitro. Neuropharmacology, 2003, Volume: 45, Issue:5 Topics: Action Potentials; Adenosine; Affinity Labels; Animals; Colforsin; Cyclic AMP; Dipyridamole; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Interactions; Enkephalins; Enzyme Inhibitors; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; In Vitro Techniques; Isoquinolines; Male; Mesencephalon; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Morphine; Morphine Dependence; Naloxone; Narcotic Antagonists; Narcotics; Neural Inhibition; Neurons; Patch-Clamp Techniques; Periaqueductal Gray; Probenecid; Purinergic P1 Receptor Agonists; Purinergic P1 Receptor Antagonists; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; Sulfonamides; Synaptic Transmission; Thioinosine; Time Factors; Uricosuric Agents; Vasodilator Agents; Xanthines	2003
Nicotine-induced antinociception, rewarding effects, and physical dependence are decreased in mice lacking the preproenkephalin gene. The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience, 2005, Feb-02, Volume: 25, Issue:5 Topics: Analgesics; Animals; Conditioning, Classical; Dopamine; Enkephalins; Female; Hot Temperature; Male; Mecamylamine; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Knockout; Microdialysis; Motor Activity; Nicotine; Nucleus Accumbens; Opioid Peptides; Pain Measurement; Pain Threshold; Protein Precursors; Reward; Spatial Behavior; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; Tobacco Use Disorder	2005
Immediate withdrawal from chronic "binge" cocaine administration increases mu-opioid receptor mRNA levels in rat frontal cortex. Brain research. Molecular brain research, 2005, Jun-13, Volume: 137, Issue:1-2 Topics: Animals; Brain Chemistry; Cocaine; Cocaine-Related Disorders; Disease Models, Animal; Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors; Down-Regulation; Drug Administration Schedule; Enkephalins; Frontal Lobe; Male; Narcotic Antagonists; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Inbred F344; Receptors, Opioid, mu; RNA, Messenger; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; Time Factors	2005
Absence of quasi-morphine withdrawal syndrome in adenosine A2A receptor knockout mice. Psychopharmacology, 2006, Volume: 185, Issue:2 Topics: Adenosine A2 Receptor Antagonists; Animals; Caffeine; Central Nervous System Stimulants; Corpus Striatum; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Dynorphins; Enkephalins; Exploratory Behavior; Male; Mice; Mice, Knockout; Morphine; Motor Activity; Naloxone; Narcotic Antagonists; Receptor, Adenosine A2A; Receptors, Opioid, mu; RNA, Messenger; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome	2006
Enkephalin release promotes homeostatic increases in constitutively active mu opioid receptors during morphine withdrawal. Neuroscience, 2007, Nov-09, Volume: 149, Issue:3 Topics: Analgesics, Opioid; Animals; Avoidance Learning; Behavior, Animal; Conditioning, Operant; Data Interpretation, Statistical; Enkephalins; Homeostasis; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Knockout; Morphine; Naloxone; Narcotic Antagonists; Protein Precursors; Receptors, Opioid, mu; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome	2007
Dynorphin and prodynorphin mRNA changes in the striatum during nicotine withdrawal. Synapse (New York, N.Y.), 2008, Volume: 62, Issue:6 Topics: Analysis of Variance; Animals; Behavior, Animal; Brain Mapping; Corpus Striatum; Drug Administration Schedule; Dynorphins; Enkephalins; Gene Expression Regulation; Male; Mice; Nicotine; Protein Precursors; Radioimmunoassay; RNA, Messenger; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; Time Factors	2008
CB1 receptor blockade reduces the anxiogenic-like response and ameliorates the neurochemical imbalances associated with alcohol withdrawal in rats. Neuropharmacology, 2008, Volume: 54, Issue:6 Topics: Animals; Anxiety; Appetite; Arachidonic Acids; Autoradiography; Benzoxazines; Brain Chemistry; Cannabinoid Receptor Modulators; Central Nervous System Depressants; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Emotions; Endocannabinoids; Enkephalins; Ethanol; Ethanolamines; Glycerides; In Situ Hybridization; Male; Morpholines; Motor Activity; Naphthalenes; Neuropeptide Y; Neurotransmitter Agents; Piperidines; Polyunsaturated Alkamides; Protein Precursors; Pyrazoles; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1; Rimonabant; RNA, Messenger; Stress, Psychological; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome	2008
Possible regulatory role of dynorphin on morphine- and beta-endorphin-induced analgesia. The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics, 1981, Volume: 219, Issue:2 Topics: Analgesics; Animals; beta-Endorphin; Drug Interactions; Drug Tolerance; Dynorphins; Endorphins; Enkephalins; Humans; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred ICR; Morphine; Morphine Dependence; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome	1981
On the etiopathogenesis of migraine: a possible link between the amines and endorphin hypotheses. Advances in neurology, 1982, Volume: 33 Topics: Adult; Clonidine; Dopamine; Endorphins; Enkephalin, Methionine; Enkephalins; Female; Histamine; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Migraine Disorders; Neurotransmitter Agents; Norepinephrine; Pain; Premedication; Prolactin; Sensory Thresholds; Serotonin; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome	1982
The primate locus coeruleus and effects of clonidine on opiate withdrawal. The Journal of clinical psychiatry, 1982, Volume: 43, Issue:6 Pt 2 Topics: Animals; Behavior, Animal; Clonidine; Electric Stimulation; Enkephalins; Fear; Humans; Locus Coeruleus; Macaca; Morphine; Naloxone; Norepinephrine; Opioid-Related Disorders; Receptors, Opioid; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome	1982
Physical dependence-producing properties of tetrapeptide acylhydrazide analogs of enkephalin in rats. European journal of pharmacology, 1983, Apr-22, Volume: 89, Issue:1-2 Topics: Animals; Body Weight; Enkephalins; Humans; Male; Morphine; Naloxone; Pentazocine; Rats; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; Substance-Related Disorders	1983
D-ala2-methionine-enkephalinamide self-administration in the morphine-dependent rat. Psychopharmacology, 1980, Volume: 69, Issue:2 Topics: Animals; Drug Administration Schedule; Endorphins; Enkephalin, Methionine; Enkephalins; Female; Humans; Injections, Intraventricular; Morphine Dependence; Rats; Self Administration; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome	1980
Hippocampal involvement in the pharmacologic induction of withdrawal-like behaviors. Federation proceedings, 1981, Volume: 40, Issue:5 Topics: Animals; Cyclazocine; Endorphins; Enkephalin, Methionine; Enkephalins; Escape Reaction; Ethylketocyclazocine; Hippocampus; Humans; Injections, Intraventricular; Kainic Acid; Morphine Dependence; Pyrrolidines; Rats; Serotonin; Shivering; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; Valproic Acid	1981
Behavioral and electrographic effects of opioids on kindled seizures in rats. Brain research, 1982, Nov-18, Volume: 251, Issue:2 Topics: Animals; Behavior, Animal; Drug Tolerance; Enkephalins; Guinea Pigs; Humans; Kindling, Neurologic; Male; Mice; Morphine; Morphine Derivatives; Naloxone; Narcotics; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Seizures; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; Vas Deferens	1982
Opiate peptides, analgesia, and the neuroendocrine system. British medical journal, 1980, Mar-15, Volume: 280, Issue:6216 Topics: Acupuncture Therapy; Analgesia; Animals; Carcinoid Tumor; Electric Stimulation Therapy; Endorphins; Enkephalins; Humans; Mental Disorders; Naloxone; Rats; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome	1980
Comparative effects of synthetic enkephalinamides and morphine on abstinence responses in morphine-dependent mice. Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior, 1980, Volume: 12, Issue:5 Topics: Amides; Animals; Body Temperature; Endorphins; Enkephalins; Humans; Male; Mice; Morphine; Morphine Dependence; Stereotyped Behavior; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome	1980
Enkephalin analogs and physical dependence. The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics, 1981, Volume: 216, Issue:1 Topics: Animals; Avoidance Learning; Drug Implants; Endorphins; Enkephalins; Heart Rate; Humans; Male; Naloxone; Narcotics; Rats; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; Substance-Related Disorders	1981
Effects of intraventricular morphine and enkephalins on schedule-controlled behavior in nondependent, morphine-dependent and postdependent rats. The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics, 1981, Volume: 219, Issue:2 Topics: Animals; Conditioning, Operant; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Endorphins; Enkephalin, Leucine-2-Alanine; Enkephalin, Methionine; Enkephalins; Humans; Injections, Intraventricular; Male; Morphine; Morphine Dependence; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome	1981
Brain dynorphin and enkephalin systems in Fischer and Lewis rats: effects of morphine tolerance and withdrawal. Brain research, 1995, Jun-12, Volume: 683, Issue:1 Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Body Weight; Brain Chemistry; Drug Tolerance; Dynorphins; Enkephalins; Female; Male; Molecular Sequence Data; Morphine; Naloxone; Narcotic Antagonists; Rats; Rats, Inbred F344; Rats, Inbred Lew; Species Specificity; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome	1995
Inhibition of morphine withdrawal by the association of RB 101, an inhibitor of enkephalin catabolism, and the CCKB antagonist PD-134,308. British journal of pharmacology, 1995, Volume: 114, Issue:5 Topics: Analgesics; Animals; Behavior, Animal; Binding, Competitive; Body Temperature; Diprenorphine; Disulfides; Drug Combinations; Drug Synergism; Enkephalins; Indoles; Male; Meglumine; Mice; Morphine; Motor Activity; Naloxone; Phenylalanine; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, Cholecystokinin; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; Weight Loss	1995
Opiate withdrawal intensity correlates with the presence of DSLET high-affinity binding. Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior, 1994, Volume: 49, Issue:4 Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Analgesics; Animals; Drug Implants; Enkephalin, Ala(2)-MePhe(4)-Gly(5)-; Enkephalin, Leucine; Enkephalins; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Inbred DBA; Molecular Sequence Data; Morphine; Morphine Dependence; Naloxone; Narcotics; Receptors, Opioid, delta; Receptors, Opioid, mu; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome	1994
Effect of morphine tolerance and abstinence on the binding of [3H]naltrexone to discrete brain regions and spinal cord of the rat. General pharmacology, 1994, Volume: 25, Issue:2 Topics: Analgesics; Animals; Brain; Drug Implants; Drug Tolerance; Enkephalin, Ala(2)-MePhe(4)-Gly(5)-; Enkephalins; Male; Membranes; Morphine; Morphine Dependence; Naltrexone; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, Opioid; Receptors, Opioid, mu; Spinal Cord; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome	1994
Dexamethasone selective inhibition of acute opioid physical dependence in isolated tissues. The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics, 1996, Volume: 276, Issue:2 Topics: 3,4-Dichloro-N-methyl-N-(2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-cyclohexyl)-benzeneacetamide, (trans)-Isomer; Animals; Cycloheximide; Dexamethasone; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Enkephalin, Ala(2)-MePhe(4)-Gly(5)-; Enkephalins; Guinea Pigs; In Vitro Techniques; Male; Mifepristone; Muscle Contraction; Naloxone; Opioid-Related Disorders; Pyrrolidines; Rabbits; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome	1996
Differential desensitization of mu- and delta- opioid receptors in selected neural pathways following chronic morphine treatment. British journal of pharmacology, 1996, Volume: 117, Issue:1 Topics: 8-Hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin; Adenylyl Cyclases; Aminobutyrates; Analgesics; Animals; Brain; Caudate Nucleus; Enkephalin, Ala(2)-MePhe(4)-Gly(5)-; Enkephalin, D-Penicillamine (2,5)-; Enkephalins; Glutamic Acid; Male; Morphine; Morphine Dependence; Naloxone; Narcotic Antagonists; Nucleus Accumbens; Oligopeptides; Periaqueductal Gray; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, Opioid, delta; Receptors, Opioid, mu; Serotonin Receptor Agonists; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; Thalamus	1996
Similar decrease in spontaneous morphine abstinence by methadone and RB 101, an inhibitor of enkephalin catabolism. British journal of pharmacology, 1996, Volume: 119, Issue:1 Topics: Analgesics; Animals; Disulfides; Drug Combinations; Enkephalins; Indoles; Male; Meglumine; Methadone; Morphine; Naloxone; Phenylalanine; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, Cholecystokinin; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome	1996
Loss of morphine-induced analgesia, reward effect and withdrawal symptoms in mice lacking the mu-opioid-receptor gene. Nature, 1996, Oct-31, Volume: 383, Issue:6603 Topics: Analgesics; Animals; Behavior, Animal; Cell Line; Enkephalin, Ala(2)-MePhe(4)-Gly(5)-; Enkephalins; Gene Deletion; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Knockout; Morphine; Morphine Dependence; Narcotics; Receptors, Opioid, delta; Receptors, Opioid, kappa; Receptors, Opioid, mu; Reward; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome	1996
Increase of preproenkephalin mRNA in the caudal part of periaqueductal gray by morphine withdrawal in rats: a quantitative in situ hybridization study. Brain research. Molecular brain research, 1996, Volume: 42, Issue:1 Topics: Animals; Enkephalins; In Situ Hybridization; Male; Morphine; Naloxone; Narcotic Antagonists; Narcotics; Paraventricular Hypothalamic Nucleus; Periaqueductal Gray; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; RNA, Messenger; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome	1996
Multiple receptors involved in peripheral alpha 2, mu, and A1 antinociception, tolerance, and withdrawal. The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience, 1997, Jan-15, Volume: 17, Issue:2 Topics: Adenosine; Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Agonists; Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists; Analgesics; Analgesics, Opioid; Animals; Clonidine; Dinoprostone; Drug Interactions; Drug Tolerance; Enkephalin, Ala(2)-MePhe(4)-Gly(5)-; Enkephalins; Hyperalgesia; Male; Models, Biological; Naloxone; Narcotic Antagonists; Oligonucleotides, Antisense; Purinergic P1 Receptor Agonists; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-2; Receptors, Opioid, mu; Receptors, Purinergic P1; Second Messenger Systems; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; Substance-Related Disorders; Xanthines; Yohimbine	1997
Chronic morphine treatment increases stimulatory beta-2 adrenoceptor signaling in A431 cells stably expressing the mu opioid receptor. The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics, 1997, Volume: 280, Issue:1 Topics: Adenylyl Cyclases; Analgesics, Opioid; Animals; Cells, Cultured; Cyclic AMP; Enkephalin, Ala(2)-MePhe(4)-Gly(5)-; Enkephalins; Humans; Isoproterenol; Morphine; Rats; Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-2; Receptors, Opioid, mu; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; Transfection; Up-Regulation	1997
Chronic morphine and naltrexone fail to modify mu-opioid receptor mRNA levels in the rat brain. Brain research. Molecular brain research, 1997, Volume: 45, Issue:1 Topics: Animals; Brain; Corpus Striatum; DNA Primers; Drug Administration Schedule; Enkephalin, Ala(2)-MePhe(4)-Gly(5)-; Enkephalins; Male; Morphine; Naltrexone; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, Opioid, mu; RNA, Messenger; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome	1997
Differential influence of D1 and D2 dopamine receptors on acute opiate withdrawal in guinea-pig isolated ileum. British journal of pharmacology, 1997, Volume: 120, Issue:6 Topics: 3,4-Dichloro-N-methyl-N-(2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-cyclohexyl)-benzeneacetamide, (trans)-Isomer; Animals; Apomorphine; Dopamine Agents; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Enkephalin, Ala(2)-MePhe(4)-Gly(5)-; Enkephalins; Guinea Pigs; Haloperidol; Ileum; In Vitro Techniques; Male; Morphine; Muscle, Smooth; Pyrrolidines; Receptors, Dopamine D1; Receptors, Dopamine D2; Receptors, Opioid, kappa; Receptors, Opioid, mu; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome	1997
A comparison between microwave irradiation and decapitation: basal levels of dynorphin and enkephalin and the effect of chronic morphine treatment on dynorphin peptides. Neuropeptides, 1997, Volume: 31, Issue:4 Topics: Animals; Brain Chemistry; Decerebrate State; Dynorphins; Endorphins; Enkephalins; Injections, Subcutaneous; Male; Microwaves; Morphine; Opioid Peptides; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome	1997
Enkephalin, PPE mRNA, and PTS-1 in alcohol withdrawal seizure-prone and -resistant mice. Alcohol (Fayetteville, N.Y.), 1998, Volume: 15, Issue:1 Topics: Animals; Enkephalin, Methionine; Enkephalins; Ethanol; Female; Membrane Transport Proteins; Mice; Mice, Inbred Strains; Protein Precursors; RNA, Messenger; Seizures; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome	1998
Disruption of the kappa-opioid receptor gene in mice enhances sensitivity to chemical visceral pain, impairs pharmacological actions of the selective kappa-agonist U-50,488H and attenuates morphine withdrawal. The EMBO journal, 1998, Feb-16, Volume: 17, Issue:4 Topics: 3,4-Dichloro-N-methyl-N-(2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-cyclohexyl)-benzeneacetamide, (trans)-Isomer; Animals; Behavior, Animal; Enkephalins; Female; Gene Expression Regulation; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Knockout; Morphine; Pain; Pro-Opiomelanocortin; Protein Precursors; Receptors, Opioid, kappa; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; Viscera	1998
Ethanol withdrawal enhances the prodynorphin system activity in the rat nucleus accumbens. Neuroscience letters, 1997, Nov-28, Volume: 238, Issue:1-2 Topics: Alcohol Drinking; Animals; Endorphins; Enkephalins; In Situ Hybridization; In Vitro Techniques; Male; Nucleus Accumbens; Potassium; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Receptors, Opioid, kappa; RNA, Messenger; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; Time Factors	1997
Time course of morphine withdrawal and preproenkephalin gene expression in the periaqueductal gray of rats. Brain research. Molecular brain research, 1998, Volume: 55, Issue:2 Topics: Animals; Body Weight; Corticosterone; Enkephalins; Gene Expression Regulation; Injections, Subcutaneous; Male; Morphine; Naloxone; Periaqueductal Gray; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Stress, Physiological; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; Time Factors	1998
Specific reductions of striatal prodynorphin and D1 dopamine receptor messenger RNAs during cocaine abstinence. Brain research. Molecular brain research, 1998, Volume: 56, Issue:1-2 Topics: Animals; Cocaine; Corpus Striatum; Enkephalins; Male; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, Dopamine D1; Receptors, Dopamine D2; RNA, Messenger; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome	1998
Inhibition of morphine tolerance and dependence by diazepam and its relation to mu-opioid receptors in the rat brain and spinal cord. Brain research, 1998, Jun-29, Volume: 797, Issue:2 Topics: Analgesics, Opioid; Animals; Binding, Competitive; Brain Chemistry; Central Nervous System; Diazepam; Drug Interactions; Drug Tolerance; Enkephalin, Ala(2)-MePhe(4)-Gly(5)-; Enkephalins; Hypnotics and Sedatives; Male; Morphine; Naloxone; Narcotic Antagonists; Nociceptors; Radioligand Assay; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, Opioid, mu; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; Tritium	1998
Effect of nicotine use and withdrawal on brain preproenkephalin A mRNA. Brain research, 1998, Jul-20, Volume: 799, Issue:2 Topics: Animals; Blotting, Northern; Brain; Enkephalins; Gene Expression; Male; Nicotine; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; RNA, Messenger; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; Tissue Distribution	1998
The role of nitric oxide in the development of opioid withdrawal induced by naloxone after acute treatment with mu- and kappa-opioid receptor agonists. European journal of pharmacology, 1998, Oct-23, Volume: 359, Issue:2-3 Topics: 3,4-Dichloro-N-methyl-N-(2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-cyclohexyl)-benzeneacetamide, (trans)-Isomer; Acetylcholine; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Analgesics, Opioid; Animals; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Electric Stimulation; Enkephalin, Ala(2)-MePhe(4)-Gly(5)-; Enkephalins; Enzyme Inhibitors; Guinea Pigs; Ileum; In Vitro Techniques; Male; Morphine; Muscle Contraction; Naloxone; Narcotic Antagonists; Narcotics; NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester; Nitric Oxide; Nitroglycerin; Receptors, Opioid, kappa; Receptors, Opioid, mu; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; Vasodilator Agents	1998
Effects of peptidase inhibitors, [D-Ala2, Met5]-enkephalinamide and antiserum to methionine-enkephalin microinjected into the caudal periaqueductal gray on morphine withdrawal in rats. Japanese journal of pharmacology, 1998, Volume: 78, Issue:4 Topics: Animals; Enkephalin, Methionine; Enkephalins; Immune Sera; Male; Microinjections; Morphine; Morphine Dependence; Naloxone; Periaqueductal Gray; Protease Inhibitors; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; RNA, Messenger; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome	1998
A heroin-, but not a cocaine-expecting, self-administration state preferentially alters endogenous brain peptides. European journal of pharmacology, 1999, Jan-22, Volume: 365, Issue:2-3 Topics: Animals; Behavior, Animal; Brain; Cocaine; Dynorphins; Enkephalins; Heroin; Injections, Intravenous; Male; Neuropeptides; Radioimmunoassay; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Self Administration; Substance P; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; Substance-Related Disorders; Time Factors	1999
Characterization of mechanical withdrawal responses and effects of mu-, delta- and kappa-opioid agonists in normal and mu-opioid receptor knockout mice. Brain research, 1999, Mar-13, Volume: 821, Issue:2 Topics: 3,4-Dichloro-N-methyl-N-(2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-cyclohexyl)-benzeneacetamide, (trans)-Isomer; Analgesics; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Animals; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Enkephalin, D-Penicillamine (2,5)-; Enkephalins; Mice; Mice, Knockout; Morphine; Naloxone; Narcotic Antagonists; Narcotics; Nociceptors; Physical Stimulation; Receptors, Opioid, delta; Receptors, Opioid, kappa; Receptors, Opioid, mu; Stress, Mechanical; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome	1999
Cocaine self-administration in rats differentially alters mRNA levels of the monoamine transporters and striatal neuropeptides. Brain research. Molecular brain research, 2000, Nov-10, Volume: 83, Issue:1-2 Topics: Animals; Brain Chemistry; Carrier Proteins; Cocaine; Cocaine-Related Disorders; Corpus Striatum; Dopamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins; Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors; Enkephalins; Gene Expression; Injections, Intravenous; Male; Membrane Glycoproteins; Membrane Transport Proteins; Nerve Tissue Proteins; Norepinephrine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins; Nucleus Accumbens; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; RNA, Messenger; Self Administration; Serotonin Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins; Substance P; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; Symporters	2000
Cannabinoid withdrawal syndrome is reduced in pre-proenkephalin knock-out mice. The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience, 2000, Dec-15, Volume: 20, Issue:24 Topics: Acute Disease; Analysis of Variance; Animals; Autoradiography; Behavior, Animal; Body Temperature; Body Weight; Brain; Chronic Disease; Dronabinol; Drug Tolerance; Enkephalins; Hyperalgesia; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Knockout; Piperidines; Protein Precursors; Psychotropic Drugs; Pyrazoles; Receptors, Cannabinoid; Receptors, Drug; Rimonabant; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome	2000
Withdrawal from alcohol in withdrawal seizure-prone and -resistant mice: evidence for enkephalin resistance. Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior, 2001, Volume: 68, Issue:3 Topics: Aluminum; Animals; Brain Chemistry; Central Nervous System Depressants; Digoxigenin; Enkephalin, Methionine; Enkephalins; Ethanol; Female; Half-Life; Mice; Mice, Inbred Strains; MSH Release-Inhibiting Hormone; Neuropeptides; Protein Precursors; Radioimmunoassay; RNA, Messenger; Seizures; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome	2001
Chronic morphine treatment modulates the extracellular levels of endogenous enkephalins in rat brain structures involved in opiate dependence: a microdialysis study. The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience, 2002, Feb-01, Volume: 22, Issue:3 Topics: Animals; Behavior, Animal; Brain; Brain Chemistry; Cholecystokinin; Conditioning, Psychological; Drug Administration Schedule; Enkephalins; Extracellular Space; Hippocampus; Male; Microdialysis; Morphine; Morphine Dependence; Nucleus Accumbens; Opioid Peptides; Periaqueductal Gray; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Reward; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; Wakefulness	2002
Met-enkephalin and preproenkephalin mRNA changes in the striatum of the nicotine abstinence mouse. Neuroscience letters, 2002, May-31, Volume: 325, Issue:1 Topics: Animals; Behavior, Animal; Blotting, Northern; Corpus Striatum; Enkephalin, Methionine; Enkephalins; In Situ Hybridization; Male; Mice; Nicotine; Nucleus Accumbens; Protein Precursors; Radioimmunoassay; RNA, Messenger; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; Time Factors; Tissue Distribution	2002
Acupuncture in heroin addicts; changes in Met-enkephalin and beta-endorphin in blood and cerebrospinal fluid. Lancet (London, England), 1979, Aug-25, Volume: 2, Issue:8139 Topics: Acupuncture Therapy; Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Adult; Antigens; beta-Lipotropin; Endorphins; Enkephalins; Heroin Dependence; Humans; Hydrocortisone; Male; Methionine; Middle Aged; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome	1979
Agonist-antagonist properties of N-allyl-[D-Ala]2-Met-enkephalin. Nature, 1977, Sep-01, Volume: 269, Issue:5623 Topics: Analgesia; Animals; beta-Lipotropin; Binding, Competitive; Enkephalins; Humans; Oligopeptides; Rats; Receptors, Opioid; Sodium; Structure-Activity Relationship; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome	1977
Clinical relevance of opiate receptor and opioid peptide research. Nature, 1979, May-03, Volume: 279, Issue:5708 Topics: Animals; Endorphins; Enkephalins; Humans; Locus Coeruleus; Narcotic Antagonists; Pentazocine; Rats; Receptors, Opioid; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; Substance-Related Disorders	1979
Electroencephalographic and behavioral tolerance to and cross-tolerance between D-Ala2-methionine-enkephalinamide and morphine in the rat. The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics, 1979, Volume: 210, Issue:2 Topics: Animals; Behavior, Animal; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Tolerance; Electroencephalography; Endorphins; Enkephalins; Female; Humans; Morphine; Morphine Dependence; Naloxone; Rats; Sleep, REM; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; Substance-Related Disorders; Time Factors	1979
Some morphine-like properties of a potent antinociceptive synthetic pentapeptide in relation to physical dependence in rodents [proceedings]. British journal of pharmacology, 1977, Volume: 59, Issue:3 Topics: Analgesics; Animals; Enkephalins; Humans; Mice; Morphine; Morphine Dependence; Oligopeptides; Rats; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome	1977
Stability of Met-enkephalin content in brain structures of morphine-dependent or foot shock-stressed rats. Nature, 1977, Aug-04, Volume: 268, Issue:5619 Topics: Animals; Brain; Corpus Striatum; Enkephalins; Humans; Hypothalamus; Male; Morphine Dependence; Naltrexone; Oligopeptides; Rats; Stress, Psychological; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome	1977
New in vivo evidence for narcotic agonistic property of leucine-enkephalin. Journal of pharmaceutical sciences, 1978, Volume: 67, Issue:1 Topics: Animals; Behavior, Animal; Endorphins; Enkephalins; Humans; Male; Mice; Morphine; Morphine Dependence; Naloxone; Narcotics; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome	1978
The influence of electro-acupuncture on naloxone-induced morphine withdrawal in mice: elevation of brain opiate-like activity. European journal of pharmacology, 1978, May-15, Volume: 49, Issue:2 Topics: Acupuncture Therapy; Animals; Brain Chemistry; Endorphins; Enkephalins; Female; Humans; Mice; Mice, Inbred Strains; Morphine Dependence; Naloxone; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome	1978
Enkephalin levels decrease in rat striatum during morphine abstinence. European journal of pharmacology, 1979, Dec-20, Volume: 60, Issue:4 Topics: Animals; Antibody Formation; Antigen-Antibody Reactions; Corpus Striatum; Endorphins; Enkephalins; Humans; Male; Morphine Dependence; Rabbits; Rats; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; Time Factors	1979
Further studies of the role of opioid receptors in the nigra in the morphine withdrawal syndrome. Neuropharmacology, 1992, Volume: 31, Issue:9 Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Analgesics; Animals; Behavior, Animal; Body Temperature; Brain; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Enkephalin, Ala(2)-MePhe(4)-Gly(5)-; Enkephalins; Male; Molecular Sequence Data; Morphine; Morphine Dependence; Naloxone; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, Opioid; Somatostatin; Stereotaxic Techniques; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; Substantia Nigra	1992
Regulation of glutamate decarboxylase and enkephalin mRNA levels in rat striatum by chronic benzodiazepine treatment. Biochemical Society transactions, 1992, Volume: 20, Issue:3 Topics: Animals; Base Sequence; Brain; Corpus Striatum; Diazepam; Drug Administration Schedule; Enkephalins; Glutamate Decarboxylase; Kinetics; Molecular Sequence Data; Oligodeoxyribonucleotides; Protein Precursors; Rats; Reference Values; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome	1992
Attenuation of the morphine withdrawal syndrome by inhibition of catabolism of endogenous enkephalins in the periaqueductal gray matter. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology, 1992, Volume: 345, Issue:4 Topics: Analgesics; Animals; Behavior, Animal; Body Temperature; Body Weight; Corticosterone; Dipeptides; Enkephalins; Hydroxamic Acids; Male; Morphine; Morphine Dependence; Naloxone; Neprilysin; Periaqueductal Gray; Phenylalanine; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; Thiorphan	1992
Rapid changes in the content of proenkephalin A and corticotrophin releasing hormone mRNAs in the paraventricular nucleus during morphine withdrawal in urethane-anaesthetized rats. Brain research. Molecular brain research, 1991, Volume: 9, Issue:4 Topics: Anesthesia, General; Animals; Autoradiography; Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone; Enkephalins; Gene Expression; Male; Morphine; Oligonucleotide Probes; Paraventricular Hypothalamic Nucleus; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; RNA, Messenger; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; Sulfur Radioisotopes; Urethane	1991
The effect of morphine tolerance-dependence and abstinence on mu, delta, and kappa opiate receptors of discrete brain regions and spinal cord of the rat. NIDA research monograph, 1990, Volume: 105 Topics: Animals; Brain Chemistry; Drug Tolerance; Enkephalin, Ala(2)-MePhe(4)-Gly(5)-; Enkephalin, Leucine; Enkephalins; Ethylketocyclazocine; In Vitro Techniques; Male; Morphine; Morphine Dependence; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Receptors, Opioid; Receptors, Opioid, delta; Receptors, Opioid, kappa; Receptors, Opioid, mu; Spinal Cord; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome	1990
Suppressive effects of enkephalins and REM sleep deprivation on seizures. Epilepsy research. Supplement, 1991, Volume: 2 Topics: Animals; Cerebral Cortex; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Electroencephalography; Electroshock; Enkephalins; Glycopeptides; Leucine; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred Strains; Neprilysin; Nitrous Oxide; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Sleep Deprivation; Sleep, REM; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; Thiorphan	1991
Naloxone-induced withdrawal syndrome after administration of selective opioid agonists or after activation of the endogenous enkephalinergic system. Progress in clinical and biological research, 1990, Volume: 328 Topics: Animals; Behavior, Animal; Body Temperature; Enkephalin, Ala(2)-MePhe(4)-Gly(5)-; Enkephalins; Hydroxamic Acids; Naloxone; Narcotics; Oligopeptides; Phenylalanine; Rats; Receptors, Opioid; Receptors, Opioid, delta; Receptors, Opioid, mu; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; Weight Loss	1990
Differences in physical dependence induced by selective mu or delta opioid agonists and by endogenous enkephalins protected by peptidase inhibitors. Brain research, 1990, Jun-18, Volume: 520, Issue:1-2 Topics: Animals; Cerebral Ventricles; Drug Tolerance; Enkephalin, Ala(2)-MePhe(4)-Gly(5)-; Enkephalins; Hydroxamic Acids; Injections, Intraventricular; Male; Naloxone; Neprilysin; Oligopeptides; Phenylalanine; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Receptors, Opioid; Receptors, Opioid, delta; Receptors, Opioid, mu; Reference Values; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; Substance-Related Disorders	1990
Physical dependence potential of an enkephalin analog, EK-399, in rats. Japanese journal of pharmacology, 1990, Volume: 53, Issue:4 Topics: Animals; Body Weight; Enkephalins; Infusions, Intravenous; Male; Meperidine; Morphine; Naloxone; Opioid-Related Disorders; Pentazocine; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome	1990
Down-regulation of proopiomelanocortin synthesis and beta-endorphin utilization in hypothalamus of morphine-tolerant rats. Journal of molecular neuroscience : MN, 1989, Volume: 1, Issue:1 Topics: Animals; beta-Endorphin; Corpus Striatum; Drug Tolerance; Enkephalin, Methionine; Enkephalins; Hypothalamus; Male; Morphine; Naltrexone; Pro-Opiomelanocortin; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Reference Values; RNA, Messenger; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome	1989
Magnitude of opioid dependence after continuous intrathecal infusion of mu- and delta-selective opioids in the rat. European journal of pharmacology, 1989, Aug-03, Volume: 166, Issue:3 Topics: Animals; Enkephalin, Ala(2)-MePhe(4)-Gly(5)-; Enkephalin, Leucine; Enkephalin, Leucine-2-Alanine; Enkephalins; Fentanyl; Injections, Spinal; Male; Morphine; Naloxone; Narcotics; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Receptors, Opioid; Receptors, Opioid, delta; Receptors, Opioid, mu; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; Substance-Related Disorders; Sufentanil; Time Factors	1989
Phelorphan, an inhibitor of enzymes involved in the biodegradation of enkephalins, affected the withdrawal symptoms in chronic morphine-dependent rats. Neuroscience, 1987, Volume: 22, Issue:1 Topics: Aminopeptidases; Animals; Brain; CD13 Antigens; Dipeptides; Dipeptidyl-Peptidases and Tripeptidyl-Peptidases; Endopeptidases; Enkephalins; Male; Morphine Dependence; Naloxone; Neprilysin; Protease Inhibitors; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Receptors, Opioid; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; Thiorphan; Tiopronin	1987
Morphine alters preproenkephalin gene expression. Brain research, 1988, Sep-06, Volume: 459, Issue:2 Topics: Animals; Corpus Striatum; Drug Implants; Enkephalin, Methionine; Enkephalins; Gene Expression Regulation; Male; Morphine; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; RNA, Messenger; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome	1988
Tolerance and withdrawal are associated with ligand dependent receptor regulation in vitro and in vivo. Neuropeptides, 1984, Volume: 5, Issue:1-3 Topics: Animals; Drug Tolerance; Enkephalin, Leucine; Enkephalin, Leucine-2-Alanine; Humans; Hybrid Cells; Morphine; Morphine Dependence; Rats; Receptors, Opioid; Receptors, Opioid, delta; Receptors, Opioid, mu; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome	1984
Comparison of the effectiveness of different opioid peptides in suppressing heroin withdrawal. European journal of pharmacology, 1984, Apr-20, Volume: 100, Issue:2 Topics: Adult; Animals; beta-Endorphin; Dynorphins; Endorphins; Enkephalin, Leucine; Enkephalin, Leucine-2-Alanine; Heroin; Humans; Male; Mice; Peptide Fragments; Protein Precursors; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome	1984
Bremazocine induces antinociception, but prevents opioid-induced constipation and catatonia in rats and precipitates withdrawal in morphine-dependent rats. Life sciences, 1984, Aug-27, Volume: 35, Issue:9 Topics: Analgesics; Animals; Benzomorphans; Catatonia; Constipation; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Enkephalin, Leucine; Enkephalin, Leucine-2-Alanine; Etorphine; Gastrointestinal Motility; Humans; Male; Morphinans; Morphine; Naloxone; Rats; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; Substance-Related Disorders	1984
The effects of morphine treatment and morphine withdrawal on the dynorphin and enkephalin systems in Sprague-Dawley rats. Psychopharmacology, 1995, Volume: 118, Issue:4 Topics: Analysis of Variance; Animals; Drug Tolerance; Dynorphins; Endorphins; Enkephalin, Leucine; Male; Morphine; Naloxone; Peptides; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome	1995
Involvement of delta 2 opioid receptors in the development of morphine dependence in mice. The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics, 1993, Volume: 264, Issue:3 Topics: Animals; Enkephalin, Leucine; Isothiocyanates; Male; Mice; Morphinans; Morphine Dependence; Naloxone; Naltrexone; Receptors, Opioid, delta; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; Thiocyanates	1993
Enkephalin glycopeptide analogues produce analgesia with reduced dependence liability. Journal of medicinal chemistry, 2000, Jun-29, Volume: 43, Issue:13 Topics: Analgesics, Opioid; Animals; Blood-Brain Barrier; Enkephalin, Leucine; Female; Glycopeptides; Injections, Intraventricular; Pain Measurement; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, Opioid, delta; Receptors, Opioid, mu; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome	2000
Tolerance to the respiratory actions of opiates: withdrawal tolerance and asymmetrical cross-tolerance. European journal of pharmacology, 1990, Jan-03, Volume: 175, Issue:1 Topics: Animals; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Tolerance; Enkephalin, Leucine; Enkephalin, Leucine-2-Alanine; Fentanyl; Injections, Intravenous; Injections, Intraventricular; Injections, Subcutaneous; Male; Morphine; Narcotics; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Respiratory System; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; Sufentanil	1990
Mu- and delta-opioid receptor-mediated epileptoid responses in morphine-dependent and non-dependent rats. Electroencephalography and clinical neurophysiology, 1985, Volume: 61, Issue:6 Topics: Animals; Electroencephalography; Enkephalin, Leucine; Enkephalin, Leucine-2-Alanine; Epilepsy; Male; Morphine; Naloxone; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Receptors, Opioid; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome	1985
Substance P and [leucine]enkephalin release in guinea pig ileum during naloxone-precipitated morphine withdrawal. The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics, 1989, Volume: 249, Issue:1 Topics: Animals; Enkephalin, Leucine; Guinea Pigs; Ileum; In Vitro Techniques; Morphine Dependence; Myenteric Plexus; Naloxone; Substance P; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome	1989
Intrathecal D-Ala2-D-Leu5-enkephalin (DADL) restores analgesia in a patient analgetically tolerant to intrathecal morphine sulfate. Pain, 1986, Volume: 24, Issue:2 Topics: Aged; Carcinoma; Clonidine; Drug Tolerance; Enkephalin, Leucine; Enkephalin, Leucine-2-Alanine; Humans; Injections, Spinal; Male; Morphine; Naloxone; Pain, Intractable; Receptors, Opioid; Receptors, Opioid, delta; Receptors, Opioid, mu; Skull Neoplasms; Spinal Neoplasms; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; Thyroid Neoplasms	1986
Audiogenic seizures during ethanol withdrawal can be blocked by a delta opioid agonist. Drug and alcohol dependence, 1986, Volume: 18, Issue:4 Topics: Acoustic Stimulation; Animals; Enkephalin, Leucine; Enkephalin, Leucine-2-Alanine; Enkephalin, Methionine; Ethanol; Female; Naloxone; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Receptors, Opioid; Receptors, Opioid, delta; Seizures; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome	1986
Effect of morphine treatment and withdrawal on endogenous methionine- and leucine-enkephalin levels in primate brain. Biochemical pharmacology, 1986, Oct-01, Volume: 35, Issue:19 Topics: Animals; Brain Chemistry; Chlorocebus aethiops; Enkephalin, Leucine; Enkephalin, Methionine; Female; Male; Morphine; Naltrexone; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome	1986