enkephalin--leucine-2-alanine and Acute-Disease

Topics: Acute Disease; Animals; Dogs; Duodenum; Enkephalin, Leucine; Enkephalin, Leucine-2-Alanine; Gastric Mucosa; Humans; Intestinal Mucosa; Pancreas; Pancreatitis; Peptic Ulcer; Rats; Wound Healing

The data obtained by the authors provide evidence on dalargin effect on immune condition of patients with pyoinfammation of maxillofacial soft tissues. Dalargin administration leads to a rise in T-sensitive lymphocyte subpopulation in all the patients as well as stimulates functional activity of peripheral blood polymorphonuclear neutrophils. Similar results were obtained in vitro with dalargin addition to leukocytic suspension despite the absence of the drug bactericidal activity.

Topics: Acute Disease; Adjuvants, Immunologic; Cellulitis; Combined Modality Therapy; Enkephalin, Leucine-2-Alanine; Face; Focal Infection, Dental; Humans; Immunity, Cellular; Jaw Diseases

It is well established that stimulating delta-opioid receptor (DOR) with its specific agonists elicits neuroprotection against hypoxia/ischemia. Mitochondrial dysfunction plays a key role in hypoxic neuronal injury, but the effects of DOR activation on mitochondrial dysfunction in neurons are poorly elucidated. In this investigation, we studied the effects of [D-Ala2, D-Leu5] enkephalin (DADLE), a potent DOR agonist, on acute mitochondrial dysfunction and ensuing cell damage induced by sodium azide in primary rat cortical neuronal cultures, and explored possible mechanisms underlying. Here, we show that DADLE reverses NaN(3)-induced acute mitochondrial dysfunction by selectively activating DOR, mainly including mitochondrial membrane depolarization, mitochondrial Ca(2+) overload and reactive oxygen species generation. DOR stimulation also inhibits cytochrome c release and caspase-3 activation, and attenuates neuronal death caused by acute NaN(3) insults. Furthermore, DOR activation with DADLE protects neurons from acute NaN(3) insults mainly through PKC-ERK pathway, and mitochondrial ERK activation is especially required for DOR neuroprotection against acute mitochondrial dysfunction.

Topics: Acute Disease; Analgesics, Opioid; Animals; Cytoprotection; Enkephalin, Leucine-2-Alanine; Enzyme Activation; Mitochondrial Diseases; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3; Neurons; p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; Primary Cell Culture; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, Opioid, delta; Sodium Azide

To study influence parapancreatic microirrigation on morphological and functional condition of a pancreas and transformations of enzymatic activity of blood serum and enzymatic activity of lymph of a chest lymphatic channel after an operative trauma of a duodenum.. Research is executed on 140 not purebred dogs which have been divided into six groups and united in two series. In the first series (30 dogs) were studied changes pancreatic exosecretion in the postoperative period of resection of duodenum (group 1.1), in the postoperative period of resection of duodenum with preliminary infiltration of a parapancreatic tissue of 0.5% by a solution of Novocain (group 1.2) and after resection of duodenum with application parapancreatic microirrigation (group 1.3). In the second series (110 dogs) were studied frequency of development of acute pancreatitis, enzymatic activity of blood serum and enzymatic activity of lymph of thoracal lymphatic duct after resection of duodenum (group 2.1) and in the postoperative period of resection of duodenum with preliminary infiltration of a parapancreatic tissue of 0.5% by a solution of Novocain (group 2.2) and after resection of duodenum with application parapancreatic microirrigation (group 2.3).. Application parapancreatic microirrigation does not lead to oppression pancreatic exosecretion at the first o'clock after duodenotomy, and substantially reduces the pancreatic hypersecretion observed in the postoperative period of resection of a duodenum. In addition, application parapancreatic microirrigation reduces frequency of development of acute pancreatitis and promotes less expressed increase enzymatic activity of blood serum and enzymatic activity of lymph thoracal lymphatic duct at development of the given complication after operational trauma of duodenum in comparison with resection of duodenum and after a resection of a duodenum executed against infiltration of a parapancreatic tissue of 0.5% by a solution of Novocain.

Topics: Acute Disease; Animals; Disease Models, Animal; Dogs; Duodenum; Enkephalin, Leucine-2-Alanine; Pancreas; Pancreatic Function Tests; Pancreatitis; Postoperative Complications; Therapeutic Irrigation

In experimental pancreatitis conditions there were studied changes in bloody and lymphatic capillaries of pancreas, quantity and functional state of endocrine cells of duodenum under the influence of synthetic neuropeptides dalargin and sandostatin. Results of complex examination and surgical treatment of 126 patients with various forms of an acute pancreatitis were analyzed. The expediency and efficacy of dalargin application in complex of treatment of such patients were proved.

Topics: Acute Disease; Animals; Cats; Combined Modality Therapy; Drug Administration Schedule; Enkephalin, Leucine-2-Alanine; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Gastrointestinal Agents; Injections, Intramuscular; Ketamine; Male; Muscarinic Agonists; Pancreatitis; Pilocarpine

The experiments showed that heart and liver functional abnormalities will take place even before changes of blood amylase is occurred. It was shown that Dalargin in a dose of 50 micrograms/kg will stimulate the intestinal absorption.

Topics: Acute Disease; Adjuvants, Immunologic; Amylases; Animals; Clinical Enzyme Tests; Dogs; Enkephalin, Leucine-2-Alanine; Hemodynamics; Homeostasis; Humans; Intestinal Absorption; Middle Aged; Pancreatitis

Topics: Acute Disease; Adult; Aged; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Cholecystitis; Cholestasis; Enkephalin, Leucine-2-Alanine; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Pancreatitis; Time Factors

Adaptation of rats to cold and physical exercise prevented ventricular fibrillation (VF) caused by the occlusion of the left anterior coronary artery. In the heart of adapted rats with acute myocardial ischemia, myocardial enkephalins increased whereas the level of cAMP declined as compared to nonadapted animals. Injection of dalargin before the occlusion of the coronary artery in rats prevented both VF and a decrease of VF threshold. The peptide averted the rise of cAMP content in the heart during acute myocardial ischemia. The data obtained suggest that the rise of endogenous myocardial enkephalins may have an important role in antiarrhythmic action of adaptation. It is assumed that antiarrhythmic effect of enkephalins may be related to the restriction of sympathetic influence on the heart.

Topics: Acute Disease; Adaptation, Physiological; Animals; Cold Temperature; Enkephalin, Leucine-2-Alanine; Enkephalins; Exercise; Heart; Male; Myocardial Ischemia; Myocardium; Nucleotides, Cyclic; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Sympatholytics; Ventricular Fibrillation

Topics: Acute Disease; Animals; Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; Bradycardia; Disease Models, Animal; Enkephalin, Leucine-2-Alanine; Epinephrine; Heart Rate; In Vitro Techniques; Infusions, Intravenous; Male; Rats; Rats, Wistar

Development of posthypoxic and reoxygenation depression of cardiac activity following a time-portioned disconnection of the apparatus for artificial ventilation of the lungs in rats was restricted by a preventive intravenous infusion of a synthetic opioid peptide--dalargin. Resistance to a stressor effect of hypoxia (ischemia-reperfusion) which was assessed by the degree of restoration of the integral index of the blood circulation--cardiac output could be mediated by correction of Ca-homeostasis of cardiomyocytes by means of dalargin. Elimination of all side effects with a blocker of opioid receptors--naloxon points to a possibility of realization of a protective antihypoxic action.

Topics: Acute Disease; Animals; Asphyxia; Disease Models, Animal; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; Enkephalin, Leucine-2-Alanine; Hemodynamics; Hypoxia; Myocardial Reperfusion Injury; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Respiration, Artificial; Time Factors

The experiments have been performed on 93 male rats, weighing 200-250 g. In acute blood loss various arterial pressure (AP) changes have been demonstrated--the marked hypertension is being changed by gradual AP increase. The injection of m-receptors' agonist DAGO prevents systolic and diastolic AP increase, agonist DADL prevents diastolic AP increase in acute momentary blood loss. In gradual blood loss DAGO (more than DADL) slows down both the decrease and the subsequent AP increase in rats. DAGO is determined to decrease, and DADL--to increase the minute blood volume. The mechanisms of opioids' action and their significance in pathogenesis of hemodynamic disturbances in shock are being discussed.

Topics: Acute Disease; Animals; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; Enkephalin, Ala(2)-MePhe(4)-Gly(5)-; Enkephalin, Leucine; Enkephalin, Leucine-2-Alanine; Enkephalins; Hemodynamics; Hemorrhage; Male; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Receptors, Opioid; Shock, Hemorrhagic; Time Factors

The effect of regulatory peptides on the functional activity of pancreatic cells and phagocytic cells of reticuloendothelial system were determined in intact dogs against the background of acute experimental pancreatitis. Assessment of the efficacy of regulatory peptides was made with the aid of scintigraphic studies in gamma chamber using for this purpose colloid 198Au and 75Se-methionine. It was established that introduction of regulatory peptides to dogs leads to inhibition of capture of labeled methionine by pancreatocytes, practically not influencing the elimination of colloid gold from circulation.

Topics: Acute Disease; Animals; Calcitonin; Dogs; Enkephalin, Leucine; Enkephalin, Leucine-2-Alanine; Mononuclear Phagocyte System; Pancreatitis; Phagocytosis; Radionuclide Imaging; Somatostatin; Sympatholytics

The comparative analysis of the influence on the glucose metabolism of rats in acute pancreatitis of synthetic analogues was made: somatostatin, calcitonin, leu-enkefalin-dalargin. It was shown that dalargin has the maximum normalizing effect as a result of its antistress qualities. Physiological reaction of beta-cells is preserved in infusion of somatostatin. However, infusion of calcitonin results in the distortion of counterregulatory action of insulin and glucagon.

Topics: Acute Disease; Animals; Calcitonin; Enkephalin, Leucine; Enkephalin, Leucine-2-Alanine; Male; Pancreas; Pancreatitis; Peptides; Rats; Somatostatin; Time Factors

The influence of regulatory peptides (somatostatin, calcitonin, and dalargin) on xanthine oxidase activity and lipid peroxidation level in pancreatic tissues as well as on the release of pancreatic enzymes (alpha-amylase, trypsin, lipase, and transamidinase) into blood was studied in 205 rats with experimental acute pancreatitis. Somatostatin and dalargin were shown to have obvious antioxidant effect seen by reduced xanthine oxidase activity and MDA level. All studied peptides stimulate reduced release of pancreatic enzymes. Particularly, reduction of dalargin and somatostatin is caused by inhibition of their synthesis as well as by pancreas protective effect of the peptides. Release of enzymes reduced by calcitonin is probably associated only with inhibition of secretory activity of the pancreas.

Topics: Acute Disease; alpha-Amylases; Amidinotransferases; Animals; Calcitonin; Enkephalin, Leucine; Enkephalin, Leucine-2-Alanine; Lipase; Lipid Peroxidation; Male; Pancreas; Pancreatitis; Rats; Somatostatin; Sympatholytics; Trypsin; Xanthine Oxidase

In the experiment on 200 rats with acute pancreatitis, it was revealed that in administration of dalargin at a dose of 10 mg/kg of the mass, the activity of xanthinoxidase and lipid peroxidation in the pancreas was suppressed, at the same time, the activity of trypsin, amylase and transamidinase in the blood serum decreased. In 48 patients, who underwent the intravenous administration of dalargin at a dose of 50 mg/kg at operation on the pancreas and after it, the incidence of acute postoperative pancreatitis development decreased 4.16-fold when compared to the use of protease inhibitors, and 2.4-fold when compared to the use of fluorouracil.

Topics: Acute Disease; Adult; Animals; Enkephalin, Leucine; Enkephalin, Leucine-2-Alanine; Female; Humans; Intraoperative Care; Male; Middle Aged; Pancreatic Diseases; Pancreatitis; Postoperative Complications; Rats; Sympatholytics

The influence of dalargin on pancreatic secretion stimulated by different agents has been studied in experiments on dogs. Intravenous infusion of dalargin (50 micrograms/kg/hour) induced intensive inhibition of both secretion volume and protease content. The data have been obtained on a positive influence of dalargin on acute experimental pancreatitis in rats. A reduction in synthetic processes in acinar cells, reestablishment of microcirculation in the affected zones and the absence of disturbances in the marginal zones of the pancreas have been observed.

Topics: Acute Disease; Animals; Dogs; Enkephalin, Leucine; Enkephalin, Leucine-2-Alanine; Male; Pancreas; Pancreatic Juice; Pancreatitis; Rats

Stress caused by acute cysteamine duodenal ulcer was induced in Wistar male rats. All the endogenous opioides under study were involved in the stress-reaction mechanism. Protective dalargin (synthetic enkephalin analogue) administration revealed a tendency towards normalization of endorphin, L-enkephalin and ACTH blood levels.

Topics: Acute Disease; Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Animals; Ascitic Fluid; Corticosterone; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; Endorphins; Enkephalin, Leucine; Enkephalin, Leucine-2-Alanine; Male; Peritonitis; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Stress, Physiological; Time Factors; Toxins, Biological