enerbol and Substance-Related-Disorders

Topics: Adult; Beginning of Human Life; Child Welfare; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Jurisprudence; Life; Personhood; Physician's Role; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Pregnant Women; Public Policy; Resource Allocation; Substance-Related Disorders

Topics: Abortion, Induced; Alcoholism; Beginning of Human Life; Civil Rights; Coercion; Fetal Viability; Fetus; Government Regulation; Humans; Judicial Role; Jurisprudence; Legislation as Topic; Life; Pregnancy; Pregnant Women; Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; Privacy; Social Control, Formal; State Government; Substance-Related Disorders; Supreme Court Decisions; Treatment Refusal; United States

Topics: Abortion, Induced; Beginning of Human Life; Child Abuse; Civil Rights; Coercion; Family Relations; Female; Fetus; Freedom; Genetic Testing; Government Regulation; Hazardous Substances; Humans; Jurisprudence; Liability, Legal; Life; Maternal-Fetal Relations; Men; Moral Obligations; Occupational Exposure; Paternalism; Personal Autonomy; Pregnancy; Pregnant Women; Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; Rehabilitation; Social Control, Formal; Social Responsibility; Social Values; State Government; Substance-Related Disorders; Treatment Refusal; United States; Women; Women's Rights

Topics: Beginning of Human Life; Fetus; Humans; Individuality; Infant, Newborn; Jurisprudence; Liability, Legal; Life; Michigan; Mothers; Personhood; Pregnancy; Pregnant Women; Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; Substance-Related Disorders

Topics: Abortion, Induced; Beginning of Human Life; Biomedical Technology; Child Abuse; Civil Rights; Embryo, Mammalian; Female; Fetal Diseases; Fetus; Freedom; Humans; Individuality; Judicial Role; Jurisprudence; Legal Guardians; Liability, Legal; Life; Maternal-Fetal Relations; Personal Autonomy; Personhood; Pregnancy; Pregnant Women; Prenatal Diagnosis; Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; Privacy; Reproductive Techniques, Assisted; Substance-Related Disorders; Treatment Refusal; United States; Women's Rights

Topics: Abortion, Induced; Alcoholism; Beginning of Human Life; Canada; Child Abuse; Civil Rights; Criminal Law; Embryonic and Fetal Development; Fetal Viability; Fetus; Freedom; Homicide; Humans; Individuality; Jurisprudence; Liability, Legal; Life; Personal Autonomy; Personhood; Pregnancy; Pregnant Women; Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; Smoking; Substance-Related Disorders; Supreme Court Decisions; Treatment Refusal; United States; Value of Life; Wrongful Life

Topics: Abortion, Induced; Alcoholism; Beginning of Human Life; Canada; Cesarean Section; Civil Rights; Coercion; Female; Feminism; Fetus; Freedom; Humans; Individuality; Jurisprudence; Liability, Legal; Life; Maternal-Fetal Relations; Personal Autonomy; Personhood; Pregnancy; Pregnant Women; Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; Socioeconomic Factors; Substance-Related Disorders; Supreme Court Decisions; Treatment Refusal; United States; Vulnerable Populations; Women's Health Services; Women's Rights

Kimberly Hardy was charged after childbirth with child abuse and delivery of cocaine to her fetus through the umbilical cord. Hardy had admitted to police that she had smoked crack cocaine less than 13 hours before giving birth. A doctor testified that the cocaine would have still been passing through the umbilical cord after the infant's birth and before the cord was cut, in other words, after the child became a legal person. A Michigan circuit court had thrown out the child abuse charge on the grounds that there was insufficient evidence that the defendant's ingestion of cocaine had caused serious physical harm to the child. The Michigan Court of Appeals also decided to throw out the charge, saying that such an application of the cocaine delivery statute would be "so tenuous that we cannot reasonably infer that the legislature intended this application."

Topics: Beginning of Human Life; Child Abuse; Criminal Law; Fetus; Humans; Individuality; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature; Jurisprudence; Labor, Obstetric; Liability, Legal; Life; Michigan; Personhood; Pregnancy; Pregnant Women; Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; Substance-Related Disorders; Wounds and Injuries

Topics: Beginning of Human Life; Capitalism; Child; Delivery of Health Care; Economics; Fetus; Freedom; Health Care Rationing; Humans; Individuality; Infant, Newborn; Life; Personal Autonomy; Personhood; Political Systems; Pregnancy; Pregnant Women; Prejudice; Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; Public Policy; Resource Allocation; Social Justice; Social Problems; Social Responsibility; Social Welfare; Socioeconomic Factors; Substance-Related Disorders; United States; Vulnerable Populations

Purdy explores the argument that women's rights to control their bodies should be subordinated to the welfare of their fetuses. She gives examples ofinstances where women's decisions about pregnancy and childbirth have been overridden by physicians and judges. She examines the nature of the mother fetus relationship, the social context of the current conflict between maternal and fetal rights, and the extent of a woman's legally enforceable duty to her fetus. Purdy acknowledges that women may owe a reasonable duty to their fetuses to try to prevent disease or handicap. However, given the uncertainties of modern medicine, the value-laden nature of many physicians' decisions, and the lack of adequate adequate prenatal care, women should not be held responsible for situations that are due largely to society's shortcomings. Purdy concludes that it is unjust to use the law to coerce women into accepting medical advice.

Topics: Beginning of Human Life; Civil Rights; Coercion; Conflict of Interest; Decision Making; Ethics; Female; Fetus; Hazardous Substances; Human Rights; Humans; Individuality; Judicial Role; Jurisprudence; Life; Maternal-Fetal Relations; Moral Obligations; Parent-Child Relations; Personhood; Physicians; Policy Making; Poverty; Pregnancy; Pregnant Women; Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; Public Policy; Social Responsibility; Socioeconomic Factors; Substance-Related Disorders; Treatment Refusal; United States; Vulnerable Populations; Women's Rights

Topics: Beginning of Human Life; Canada; Cesarean Section; Civil Rights; Coercion; Decision Making; Female; Fetus; Freedom; Humans; Individuality; Judicial Role; Jurisprudence; Life; Maternal-Fetal Relations; Mental Competency; Personal Autonomy; Personhood; Pregnancy; Pregnant Women; Substance-Related Disorders; Treatment Refusal; Women's Rights

Topics: Abortion, Induced; Beginning of Human Life; Civil Rights; Coercion; Criminal Law; Fathers; Fetal Viability; Fetus; Government Regulation; Homicide; Humans; Individuality; Jurisprudence; Liability, Legal; Life; Personhood; Pregnancy; Pregnant Women; Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; Privacy; Social Control, Formal; State Government; Substance-Related Disorders; Supreme Court Decisions; Treatment Refusal; United States; Value of Life

Topics: Alcoholism; Beginning of Human Life; Cesarean Section; Child Abuse; Civil Rights; Decision Making; District of Columbia; Female; Fetal Diseases; Fetal Viability; Fetus; Freedom; General Surgery; Humans; Individuality; Judicial Role; Jurisprudence; Liability, Legal; Life; Personal Autonomy; Personhood; Physicians; Pregnancy; Pregnant Women; Prenatal Diagnosis; Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; Privacy; Substance-Related Disorders; Terminally Ill; Treatment Refusal; United States; Women's Rights

Topics: Abortion, Induced; Alcoholism; Beginning of Human Life; Child Abuse; Criminal Law; Employment; Ethics; Fathers; Fetal Viability; Fetus; Freedom; Homicide; Human Rights; Humans; Individuality; Jurisprudence; Liability, Legal; Life; Personal Autonomy; Personhood; Pregnancy; Pregnant Women; Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; Privacy; Public Policy; Substance-Related Disorders; United States; Wrongful Life

Topics: Abortion, Eugenic; Abortion, Induced; Alcoholism; Beginning of Human Life; Canada; Cesarean Section; Civil Rights; Coercion; Commitment of Mentally Ill; Conflict of Interest; Contraception; Criminal Law; Decision Making; Embryo, Mammalian; Embryonic and Fetal Development; Employment; Fetal Diseases; Fetal Viability; Fetus; Freedom; Hazardous Substances; Homicide; Humans; Individuality; Informed Consent; International Cooperation; Internationality; Jurisprudence; Liability, Legal; Life; Personal Autonomy; Personhood; Physician-Patient Relations; Pregnancy; Pregnant Women; Prejudice; Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; Religion; Reproductive Techniques, Assisted; Social Change; Social Values; Substance-Related Disorders; Treatment Refusal; Value of Life

Topics: Abortion, Induced; Abortion, Legal; Alcoholism; Beginning of Human Life; Cesarean Section; Civil Rights; Criminal Law; Female; Fetal Diseases; Fetal Viability; Fetus; Freedom; Government Regulation; Homicide; Humans; Individuality; Jurisprudence; Liability, Legal; Life; Maternal-Fetal Relations; Personal Autonomy; Personhood; Pregnancy; Pregnant Women; Prejudice; Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; Privacy; Reproduction; Social Control, Formal; State Government; Substance-Related Disorders; Treatment Refusal; United States; Women; Women's Rights

Topics: Abortion, Induced; Beginning of Human Life; Blood Transfusion; Child Abuse; Civil Rights; Fetal Diseases; Fetal Viability; Fetus; Homicide; Humans; Individuality; Jurisprudence; Liability, Legal; Life; Maternal-Fetal Relations; Mentally Ill Persons; Ownership; Patient Care; Personhood; Pregnancy; Pregnant Women; Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; Privacy; Substance-Related Disorders; Treatment Refusal; United States

Topics: Abortion, Induced; Beginning of Human Life; Bioethical Issues; Bioethics; Catholicism; Christianity; Delivery of Health Care; Double Effect Principle; Ethics; Euthanasia, Passive; Genetic Engineering; Health Care Rationing; Homicide; Humans; Intention; Life; Motivation; Resource Allocation; Substance-Related Disorders; Suicide; Value of Life