enerbol and Mental-Disorders

The allostatic load (AL) model represents an interdisciplinary approach to comprehensively conceptualize and quantify chronic stress in relation to pathologies throughout the life cycle. This article first reviews the AL model, followed by interactions among early adversity, genetics, environmental toxins, as well as distinctions among sex, gender, and sex hormones as integral antecedents of AL. We next explore perspectives on severe mental illness, dementia, and caregiving as unique human models of AL that merit future investigations in the field of developmental psychopathology. A complimenting transdisciplinary perspective is applied throughout, whereby we argue that the AL model goes beyond traditional stress-disease theories toward the advancement of person-centered research and practice that promote not only physical health but also mental health.

Topics: Allostasis; Humans; Life; Life Change Events; Mental Disorders; Stress, Psychological

Topics: Adaptation, Psychological; Adult; Art; Creativity; Female; Humans; Life; Male; Mental Disorders; Professional-Patient Relations; Psychoanalytic Interpretation; Psychoanalytic Theory; Psychoanalytic Therapy; Symbolism

Objectives　To examine how parents of children with mental illness prepare for their children's lives in the community after their own death.Methods　Twenty-two parents living in the Kanto region, who have children with mental illness, were interviewed from December 2016 to February 2017. Through qualitative inductive analysis, codes were identified from the narrative data that showed the preparation of parents and compared their similarities and differences. Similar codes were collected and subcategories and categories were created with increasing abstraction levels. Each category was considered with respect to the purpose and the reason why each preparation was done.Results　Participants were 9 fathers (40.9%) and 13 mothers (59.1%). Their ages were as follows: in their sixties (n=9; 40.9%), seventies (n=10; 45.5%), and eighties (n=3; 13.6%).　Ten categories emerged regarding parental preparation for their children's life after their death: 1) Forecasting their own death and recognizing the limitations of support; 2) Trying to share with their children about their own death; 3) With consideration of after their own death, organizing the necessary information for their children and their own belongings; 4) Consulting with their relatives about the lives of their children and inheritance, and considering the use of the social resources; 5) Trying to secure a residence and living expenses for their children; 6) Connecting with social resources, searching for recovery methods for their children, and their own health maintenance; 7) Stabilizing and recovering disease conditions of their children, supporting to take medication and outpatient visits; 8) Assessing the ability of their children to live considering their independent life; 9) Developing their abilities to live and sociality, and making reliable supporters other than parents; 10) Encouraging to have fun in their children's lives and considering their employment. Parents were preparing to hope their child would cope with difficulties in their lives after their own death, and maintain a stable life in the community by him/herself.Conclusions　The results suggested that parents should recognize the need of an independent life for their children in the community, to promote concrete preparations toward their children living in the community after their own death.

Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Comprehensive Health Care; Female; Health Resources; Humans; Independent Living; Japan; Life; Male; Mental Disorders; Middle Aged; Parent-Child Relations; Parental Death; Parents; Psychosocial Support Systems; Residence Characteristics; Social Welfare

The aim of this study was to compare the main proposed models for the Purpose-In-Life Test, a scale for assessing meaning in life, in 229 Spanish patients with mental disorders (195 females and 34 males, aged 13-68, M = 34.43, SD = 12.19). Confirmatory factor-analytic procedures showed that the original model of the Purpose-In-Life Test, a 20-item unidimensional scale, obtained a better fit than the other analyzed models, SBχ2(df) = 326.27(170), SBχ2/df = 1.92, TLI = .93, CFI = .94, IFI = .94, RMSEA = .063 (90% CI [.053, .074]), CAIC = -767.46, as well as a high internal consistency, (α = .90). The main conclusion is that the original version of the Purpose-In-Life shows a robust construct validity in a clinical population. However, authors recommend an in-depth psychometric analysis of the Purpose-In-Life Test among clinical population. Likewise, the importance of assessing meaning in life in order to enhance psychotherapeutic treatment is noted.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Humans; Life; Mental Disorders; Middle Aged; Psychometrics; Reproducibility of Results; Young Adult

In this study, we set out to extend empirical research on the Life-Death Implicit Association Test (IAT) by administering the measure to an adult psychiatric inpatient population with suicidal ideation. We sought to examine its association with other suicide-relevant measures and to determine whether it adds predictive utility beyond that offered by other measures of suicide risk. The IAT was administered (N = 124) at biweekly intervals as part of an assessment battery at an inpatient facility for complex, treatment resistant psychiatric disorders (average length of stay: approximately 6 weeks). Multiple regression procedures were utilized to examine relationships among the measures and their predictive utility with respect to suicidal ideation at discharge. Consistent with prior research with other populations, significant associations were found between IAT performance and explicit (self-report and interview) measures of suicide risk. Moreover, the IAT was found to predict suicidal ideation at discharge above and beyond number of prior suicide attempts and admission scores on measures of depression, suicidal ideation, and hopelessness. Change in IAT performance over the course of treatment was observed. The IAT shows promise as an addition to explicit measures conventionally used to estimate suicide risk in psychiatric patients. These findings are consistent with a cognitive vulnerability model of suicide risk.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Anxiety Disorders; Association; Attitude to Death; Bipolar Disorder; Cognition; Depressive Disorder, Major; Female; Humans; Inpatients; Life; Male; Mental Disorders; Middle Aged; Personality Disorders; Regression Analysis; Risk Assessment; Self Report; Suicidal Ideation; Suicide, Attempted; Transgender Persons; Treatment Outcome; Young Adult

Topics: Adaptation, Psychological; Adult; Agriculture; Combined Modality Therapy; Emotions; France; Hospitals, Psychiatric; Humans; Life; Mental Disorders; Mental Healing; Metaphor; Mind-Body Relations, Metaphysical; Nature; Psychopathology

To promote optimal mental health, is it best to evaluate negative experiences accurately or in a positively biased manner? In an attempt to reconcile inconsistent prior research addressing this question, we predicted that the tendency to form positively biased appraisals of negative experiences may reduce the motive to address those experiences and thereby lead to poorer mental health in the context of negative experiences that are controllable and severe but lead to better mental health in the context of controllable negative experiences that are less severe by promoting positive feelings without invoking serious consequences from unaddressed problems. In 2 longitudinal studies, individuals in new marriages were interviewed separately about their ongoing stressful experiences, and their own appraisals of those experiences were compared with those of the interviewers. Across studies, spouses' tendencies to form positively biased appraisals of their stressful experiences predicted fewer depressive symptoms over the subsequent 4 years among individuals judged to be facing relatively mild experiences but more depressive symptoms among individuals judged to be facing relatively severe experiences. Furthermore, in Study 2, these effects were mediated by changes in those experiences, such that the interaction between the tendency to form positively biased appraisals of stressful experiences and the objectively rated severity of initial levels of those experiences directly predicted changes in those experiences, which in turn accounted for changes in depressive symptoms. These findings suggest that cognitive biases are not inherently positive or negative; their implications for mental health depend on the context in which they occur.

Topics: Adaptation, Psychological; Adult; Depression; Emotions; Female; Florida; Humans; Life; Longitudinal Studies; Male; Marriage; Mental Disorders; Mental Health; Motivation; Personal Satisfaction; Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; Spouses; Stress, Psychological

Recent research in social epidemiology has established the importance of considering the accumulation of advantage and disadvantage across the life course when examining adult health outcomes. This paper examines (1) accumulation across trichotomous categories of socioeconomic position (SEP), and (2) accumulation in analysis stratified by adult SEP.. Data are from the Whitehall II study. Each participant was categorized as having high (0), intermediate (1), or low (2) SEP at three time points in the life course, leading to 27 socioeconomic trajectories. These trajectories were summarized to yield a scale ranging from 0 (high SEP at all three time points) to 6 (low SEP at all three time points). Logistic regression was used to examine odds of incident coronary heart disease (CHD), poor mental and physical functioning, and minor psychiatric disorder.. There was a graded linear relationship between accumulation of socioeconomic exposure and health. Men with a score of 6 had increased odds of CHD (2.53, 95% CI: 1.3, 5.1), poor physical functioning (2.19, 95% CI: 1.4, 4.1), and poor mental functioning (2.60, 95% CI: 1.4, 4.9) compared with men with a score of 0. In women there was an accumulation effect for CHD and physical functioning. No cumulative effect of SEP on minor psychiatric disorder was observed. The effects of accumulation were weaker in analyses stratified by adult SEP, with early deprivation followed by high adult SEP particularly detrimental for CHD.. The health effects of socioeconomic disadvantage accumulate over the life course. In addition to accumulation effects, analysis stratified by adult SEP also provided support for the critical period and the pathway model.

Topics: Adult; Coronary Disease; Educational Status; Employment; Female; Health Status; Humans; Life; Logistic Models; Male; Mental Disorders; Middle Aged; Social Mobility; Socioeconomic Factors

Topics: Geriatrics; Humans; Life; Mental Disorders; Sexual Behavior

Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Humans; Life; Mental Disorders; Suicide

Topics: Bipolar Disorder; Humans; Life; Mental Disorders; Psychotic Disorders

Topics: Dementia; Humans; Life; Mental Disorders; Psychotic Disorders; Syndrome

Topics: Dementia; Humans; Life; Mental Disorders; Psychotic Disorders

Topics: Humans; Life; Mental Disorders; Mental Health

Topics: Aged; Humans; Life; Mental Disorders; Mood Disorders

Topics: Life; Mental Disorders; Stress, Physiological

Topics: Aged; Electroencephalography; Humans; Life; Mental Disorders

Topics: Alzheimer Disease; Dementia; Humans; Life; Medical Records; Mental Disorders; Psychotic Disorders

Topics: Dementia; Life; Mental Disorders; Psychotic Disorders

Topics: Aged; Brain; Brain Diseases; Humans; Life; Mental Disorders; Mental Health; Stress, Physiological

Topics: Life; Mental Disorders; Neurotic Disorders; Psychoanalytic Interpretation; Psychotic Disorders

Topics: Humans; Life; Mental Disorders

Topics: Aged; Humans; Life; Mental Disorders

Topics: Aged; Humans; Life; Mental Disorders; Psychotic Disorders

Topics: Emotions; Humans; Life; Mental Disorders; Nose Diseases; Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal; Stress, Physiological

Topics: Anxiety; Anxiety Disorders; Asthenia; Emotions; Life; Mental Disorders; Neurasthenia; Neurocirculatory Asthenia; Stress, Physiological

Topics: Emotions; Life; Mental Disorders; Stress, Physiological; Urticaria

Topics: Humans; Life; Mental Disorders; Mental Processes