endrin and Body-Weight

Robot-assisted minimally invasive esophagectomy (RAMIE) shows promising results regarding postoperative complications in patients with esophageal cancer. To date, no data are available regarding postoperative analgesic consumption. The aim of this work is to evaluate analgesic consumption after esophagectomy.. A total of 274 Ivor Lewis esophageal resections performed sequentially from January 2012 to December 2020 were evaluated. RAMIE cases (n = 51) were compared with the hybrid technique (laparoscopic abdominal phase followed by open thoracotomy, n = 59) and open abdominothoracic esophagectomy (OTE) (n = 164). Data were collected retrospectively. The primary endpoint was the overall postoperative morphine consumption, which represents a reliable indirect measurement of pain. Pain levels recorded on the first, third, and fifth postoperative days were assessed as secondary endpoints.. A total of 274 patients were included. The postoperative opioid consumption rate for patients who underwent RAMIE (quartiles: 0.14, 0.23, 0.36 mg morphine milligram equivalents (MME)/kg body weight (bw)/day) was significantly lower than in the open group (0.19, 0.33, 0.58 mg MME/kg bw/day, p = 0.016). The overall postoperative opioid consumption for patients who underwent RAMIE was significantly lower (2.45, 3.63, 7.20 mg MME/kg bw/day; morphine milligram equivalents per kilogram body weight) compared with the open (4.85, 8.59, 14.63 MME/kg bw/day, p < 0.0001) and hybrid (4.13, 6.84, 11.36 MME/kg bw/day, p = 0.008) groups. Patients who underwent RAMIE reported lower pain scores compared with the open group on the fifth postoperative day, both at rest (p = 0.004) and while performing activities (p < 0.001).. This study shows that patients who underwent RAMIE experienced similar postoperative pain while requiring significantly lower amounts of opioids compared with patients who underwent open and hybrid surgery. Further studies are required to verify the results.

Topics: Acute Pain; Analgesics, Opioid; Body Weight; Endrin; Esophageal Neoplasms; Esophagectomy; Humans; Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures; Morphine Derivatives; Pain, Postoperative; Postoperative Complications; Retrospective Studies; Robotic Surgical Procedures; Treatment Outcome

Previous studies have shown that endrin induces an oxidative stress in rats as demonstrated by an increase in hepatic lipid peroxidation, a decrease in glutathione content and a decrease in the activity in selenium-dependent glutathione peroxidase. We have therefore examined the effects of orally administering 1.5, 3.0, 4.5 and 6.0 mg endrin/kg on the urinary excretion of the lipid metabolites formaldehyde, malondialdehyde, acetaldehyde and acetone. The simultaneous determination of these four lipid metabolites may be a useful biomarker for assessing exposure to xenobiotics which induce an oxidative stress and enhanced lipid peroxidation. Urine samples were collected up to 72 h post-treatment. The identities of the lipid metabolites were confirmed by gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy, while the 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine derivatives of these metabolic products were quantitated by high pressure liquid chromatography. Maximum increases in the excretion of the four lipid metabolites occurred at approx. 24 h post-treatment at all doses with no significant increases in excretion occurring thereafter. The maximum increases in excretion of malondialdehyde, formaldehyde, acetaldehyde and acetone were approx. 160%, 93%, 121% and 162%, respectively, relative to control values. Seventy-two hours after endrin administration, the liver weight/body weight and spleen weight/body weight ratios significantly increased while the thymus weight/body weight ratio markedly decreased. The results demonstrate that endrin induces dose- and time-dependent alterations in lipid metabolism with the enhanced excretion of specific metabolic products in the urine.

Topics: Acetaldehyde; Acetone; Aldehydes; Animals; Biomarkers; Body Weight; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Endrin; Female; Formaldehyde; Lipid Metabolism; Lipid Peroxidation; Liver; Malondialdehyde; Organ Size; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Spleen; Thymus Gland; Time Factors

Topics: Animals; Body Weight; Endrin; Environmental Monitoring; Environmental Pollutants; Oligochaeta; Proteins; Stress, Physiological; Time Factors

The fetotoxic potential of endrin in the CD rat and CD-1 mouse was investigated. Endrin was administered as a solution in corn oil to groups of pregnant animals by gastric intubation at multiple dose levels throughout the period of organogenesis. The dams were sacrificed prior to term and the fetuses were examined for skeletal and visceral anomalies. In addition, maternal livers and fetuses from rats in each dose level were analyzed for endrin content. In the mouse, endrin caused maternal liver enlargement at a dose of 0.5 mg/kg/day and reduced maternal weight gain at a dose of 1.0 mg/kg/day. Fetal weight and skeletal and visceral maturity were adversely affected at a dose of 1.0 mg/kg/day, but no teratogenic effect or embryo lethality was evident even at a dose level that produced maternal lethality (1.5 mg/kg/day). In the rat, endrin markedly reduced maternal weight at doses above 0.150 mg/kg/day but produced no apparent effects on the fetus. The data suggest that species differences in sensitivity to endrin may in part be due to differences in metabolism. Although endrin levels in rat fetuses at a maximally tolerated dosage level resembled those previously reported for the hamster, relatively less 12-ketoendrin was present, paralleling the change in fetal sensitivity.

Topics: Animals; Body Weight; Cricetinae; Endrin; Female; Fetus; Liver; Mice; Motor Activity; Pregnancy; Rats; Teratogens

Topics: Animals; Body Weight; DDT; Dieldrin; Diet; Endrin; Female; Lethal Dose 50; Male; Pesticide Residues; Shrews; Time Factors

Topics: Animals; Body Weight; Brain Chemistry; Chlordan; Diet; Drug Interactions; Endrin; Female; Lipid Metabolism; Male; Pesticide Residues; Quail

Topics: Animals; Body Weight; Endrin; Hexachlorocyclohexane; Hydrocarbons, Halogenated; Injections; Insecticides; Male; Organ Size; Rats; Spermatogenesis; Testis; Time Factors

Topics: Animals; Body Weight; Brain; DDT; Endrin; Heart; Hexachlorocyclohexane; Hydrocarbons, Halogenated; Insecticides; Kidney; Liver; Lung; Organ Size; Rabbits