endothelin-1 and Vascular-Calcification

Noncalcified plaques (NCPs) and mixed plaques (MPs) are considered as the high-risk coronary plaques. Endothelin-1 (ET-1) is a vasoactive peptide and shows a high expression in vulnerable plaque. The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between the bigET-1, the precursor of ET-1, and NCPs/MPs in a Chinese population.. A total of 513 patients with chest pain and suspected coronary artery disease were collected and divided into three groups with no plaques, calcified plaques, or NCPs/MPs according to the characteristics of all the plaques. It demonstrated that NCPs/MPs were associated with elevated bigET-1 (P < 0.001). Moreover, the proportion of NCPs/MPs was significantly increased from 43.3% in bigET-1 tertile 1 to 61.0% in tertile 3 group (P = 0.001). Multiple logistic regression analysis further showed that bigET-1 was an independent predictor for the presence of NCPs/MPs (odds ratio = 1.858; 95% confidence interval: 1.017-3.394; P = 0.044).. The bigET-1 could be an independent predictor for the presence of NCPs/MPs.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Biomarkers; Coronary Artery Disease; Cross-Sectional Studies; Endothelin-1; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Plaque, Atherosclerotic; Retrospective Studies; Risk Assessment; Risk Factors; Vascular Calcification

Topics: Adult; Carbon Monoxide; Case-Control Studies; CD4 Lymphocyte Count; Comorbidity; Coronary Artery Disease; Coronary Vessels; Endothelin-1; Female; Forced Expiratory Volume; HIV Infections; Humans; Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1; Lung; Male; Middle Aged; Mortality; Odds Ratio; Pulmonary Diffusing Capacity; Pulmonary Emphysema; Smoking; Spirometry; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; United States; Vascular Calcification; Viral Load

Progression of coronary artery calcification (CAC) was significantly associated with all-cause mortality, and high coronary artery calcium score (CACS) portends a particularly high risk of cardiovascular events. But how often one should rescan is still an unanswered question. Preliminary screening by testing circulating biomarker may be an alternative before repeat computed tomography (CT) scan. The aim of this study was to investigate the value of big endothelin-1 (bigET-1), the precursor of endothelin-1 (ET-1), in predicting the severity of CAC. A total of 428 consecutively patients who performed coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) due to chest pain in Fuwai Hospital were included in the study. The clinical characteristics, CACS, and laboratory data were collected, and plasma bigET-1 was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The bigET-1 was positively correlated with the CACS ( r = .232, P < .001), and the prevalence of CACS >400 increased significantly in the highest bigET-1 tertile than the lowest tertile. Multivariate analysis showed that bigET-1was the independent predictor of the presence of CACS >400 (odds ratio [OR] = 1.721, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.002-2.956, P = .049). The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis showed that the optimal cutoff value of bigET-1 for predicting CACS >400 was 0.38 pmol/L, with a sensitivity of 59% and specificity of 68% (area under curve [AUC] = 0.65, 95% CI, 0.58-0.72, P < .001). The present study demonstrated that the circulating bigET-1 was valuable in the assessment of the severity of CAC.

Topics: Atherosclerosis; Coronary Artery Disease; Coronary Vessels; Endothelin-1; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Risk Factors; Vascular Calcification

to evaluate the role of clinical characteristics, functional markers of vasodilation, inflammatory response, and atherosclerosis in predicting wound healing in diabetic foot ulcer.. a cohort study (February - October 2010) was conducted from 40 subjects with acute diabetic foot ulcer at clinical ward of Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo National Central General Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia. Each subject underwent at least two variable measurements, i.e. during inflammatory phase and proliferation phase. The studied variables were clinical characteristics, complete peripheral blood count (CBC) and differential count, levels of HbA1c, ureum, creatinine, lipid profile, fasting blood glucose (FBG), marker of endothelial dysfunction (asymmetric dimethylarginine/ADMA, endothelin-1/ET-1, and flow-mediated dilation/FMD of brachial artery), and marker of vascular calcification (osteoprotegerin/OPG).. median of time achieving 50% granulation tissue in our study was 21 days. There were nine factors that contribute in the development of 50% granulation tissue, i.e. family history of diabetes mellitus (DM), previous history of wound, wound area, duration of existing wound, captopril and simvastatin medications, levels of ADMA, ET-1, and OPG. There were three out of the nine factors that significantly correlated with wound healing, i.e. wound area, OPG levels, and simvastatin medications.. in acute diabetic foot ulcers, wound area and OPG levels had positive correlation with wound healing, whereas simvastatin medications had negative correlation with wound healing.

Topics: Aged; Biomarkers; Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Foot; Endothelin-1; Female; Humans; Indonesia; Kaplan-Meier Estimate; Linear Models; Male; Middle Aged; Multivariate Analysis; Osteoprotegerin; Tertiary Care Centers; Vascular Calcification; Wound Healing

Arterial stiffness and calcification are nontraditional cardiovascular risk factors in chronic kidney disease (CKD). Using a rat model of CKD with mineral imbalance, medial vascular calcification has been associated with inflammation and increased endothelin-1 (ET-1) production. We therefore hypothesized that ET-1, through the endothelin type A (ETA) receptor, induces vascular inflammation, calcification and stiffness in CKD.. CKD was induced in Wistar rats by renal mass ablation. To induce medial vascular calcification, mineral imbalance was established with a identified as calcium-rich/phosphate-rich diet and vitamin D supplementation (Ca/P/VitD). One group of CKD + Ca/P/VitD rats was given the ETA receptor antagonist atrasentan (10 mg/kg/day) for 6 weeks. Hemodynamic parameters including SBP, pulse pressure (PP) and pulse wave velocity (PWV) were determined. Vascular calcification, smooth muscle cells osteoblastic differentiation and expression of inflammatory markers such as inflammatory cytokines and calgranulins S100A8 and S100A9 were assessed in the thoracic aorta.. As compared with CKD control rats, CKD + Ca/P/VitD rats developed medal vascular calcification that was associated with increased SBP, PP and PWV. These changes were also associated with increased macrophage infiltration and expression of IL-6, calgranulins and osteoblastic markers. Treatment of CKD + Ca/P/VitD rats with atrasentan reduced vascular calcification, SBP, PP and PWV, macrophage infiltration and expression of IL-1β, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor, calgranulins and osteoblastic markers.. This study shows that ETA receptor blockade reduced vascular inflammation, smooth muscle cells differentiation, calcification and stiffness indicating a pivotal role for ET-1 in medial vascular calcification in this rat remnant kidney model of CKD with mineral imbalance. Therefore, the endothelin system may be a potential therapeutic target for improving cardiovascular morbidity in patients with CKD.

Topics: Animals; Aorta, Thoracic; Atrasentan; Biomarkers; Blood Pressure; Calcium; Calgranulin A; Calgranulin B; Endothelin A Receptor Antagonists; Endothelin-1; Inflammation; Interleukin-1beta; Interleukin-6; Macrophages; Male; Phosphorus, Dietary; Pulse Wave Analysis; Pyrrolidines; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Receptor, Endothelin A; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; Vascular Calcification; Vascular Stiffness; Vitamin D