endothelin-1 and Varicose-Veins

Topics: Biomarkers; Cell Adhesion; Chronic Disease; Disease Progression; Endothelin-1; Endothelium, Vascular; Humans; Leukocytes; Varicose Veins

Mineral metabolism is dysregulated within days of acute renal injury in critically ill patients. On univariate analysis, high levels of calcitriol were associated with adverse clinical outcome in AKI. This association was not apparent after adjusting for age and APACHE II. Large controlled studies are needed to confirm these results, and determine if higher 1,25(OH). Los genotipos C/C y C/T en Colombia son tan variables como en otros grupos sanos en otras poblaciones. Los sujetos de nuestra población podrían tener riesgo para el desarrollo de enfermedades asociadas al polimorfismo del genMTHFR y con genotipos de riesgo de presentar toxicidad y efectos adversos del MTX, lo cual sugiere la necesidad de evaluar alternativas terapéuticas con estudios farmacogenéticos.

Topics: Acetaminophen; Administration, Oral; Adolescent; Adult; Advanced Oxidation Protein Products; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Analgesics, Opioid; Animals; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Antioxidants; ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1; Automation; Benzaldehydes; Bromates; Calcifediol; Calcitriol; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Catalase; Chromatography, Liquid; Coloring Agents; Cross-Over Studies; Cross-Sectional Studies; Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A; Cytokines; Diabetic Foot; Diabetic Neuropathies; Diagnostic Self Evaluation; Diosmin; DNA Damage; Double-Blind Method; Drug Combinations; Electrodes; Endothelin-1; Esophageal Neoplasms; Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma; Esophagectomy; Exercise; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Gene Expression Regulation; Glutathione; Hesperidin; Humans; Illicit Drugs; Indians, North American; Injections, Intravenous; Interferometry; Interleukin-1beta; Interleukin-6; Interviews as Topic; Ions; Jejunum; Kidney; Leukocyte Count; Lipid Peroxidation; Lithium; Liver; Luminescent Measurements; Male; Mice; Middle Aged; Monocytes; Nanostructures; Oklahoma; Organ Specificity; Oxidative Stress; Oxycodone; Photochemistry; Predictive Value of Tests; Pregnane X Receptor; Preoperative Period; Prescription Drugs; Receptors, Steroid; Reference Values; Reproducibility of Results; Retinoid X Receptor alpha; Retrospective Studies; RNA, Messenger; Rumen; Sheep, Domestic; Shoes; Solar Energy; Superoxide Dismutase; Survival Rate; Tandem Mass Spectrometry; Titanium; Treatment Outcome; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; Varicose Veins; Vitamin D; Water Pollutants, Chemical; Weight-Bearing; Young Adult

The renal effects of octreotide, used for bleeding esophageal varices in cirrhosis, are controversial.. Fourteen cirrhotic patients (Child-Pugh; A/B/C: 1/12/1) were enrolled. Plasma nitrite and endothelin (ET) levels, urinary nitrite output, free water clearance (FWC) and fractional excretion of filtered sodium (FENa) were measured and renal Doppler ultrasound was carried out. Octreotide was infused at a rate of 0.75 microg/kg/h for 3 h after a bolus of 0.75 microg/kg body weight. All the parameters were reevaluated during octreotide administration while the patients acted as their own controls.. Octreotide induced significant reductions in urinary nitrite, FENa and FWC. Plasma ET levels increased (baseline: 6.7 pg/ml, octreotide: 8.4 pg/ml), whereas the plasma nitrite level did not change significantly after octreotide infusion. Overall, no significant change in renal resistive index (RRI) could be demonstrated on Doppler after octreotide administration. However, patients with elevated baseline RRI values had significantly more deterioration in FWC and FENa compared with patients with normal RRI in response to octreotide.. A marked decrease in FENa, FWC and urinary nitrite output, together with a significant increase in plasma ET level in response to octreotide, may indicate renal dysfunction in cirrhotic patients. This deleterious renal effect of octreotide may be more enhanced in patients with elevated baseline RRI.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Endothelin-1; Female; Gastrointestinal Agents; Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage; Humans; Hypertension, Portal; Kidney; Liver Cirrhosis; Male; Middle Aged; Nitrites; Octreotide; Salvage Therapy; Sodium; Ultrasonography, Doppler; Varicose Veins

Topics: Adult; Aged; Biomarkers; Catheter Ablation; Endothelin-1; Endovascular Procedures; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Saphenous Vein; Sclerosing Solutions; Sclerotherapy; Varicose Veins; Young Adult

Although the role of endothelium in varicose vein development is indisputable, the effect of the pathology on biological properties of endothelial cells remains unclear. Here we examined if the presence of varicose veins affects senescence of endothelial cells (HUVECs) and, if so, what will be the local and systemic outcome of this effect. Experiments showed that HUVECs subjected to serum from varicose patients display improved proliferation, increased expression of senescence marker, SA-

Topics: Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Case-Control Studies; Cell Proliferation; Cells, Cultured; Cellular Senescence; Endothelial Cells; Endothelin-1; Endothelium, Vascular; Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells; Humans; Inflammation; Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1; Middle Aged; Reactive Oxygen Species; Varicose Veins; Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1; Young Adult

Foam sclerotherapy has been proven to be a safe and effective treatment for superficial venous insufficiency, but transient visual and neurologic disturbances continue to be reported. These side effects have been theorized to be related to the presence of air or gases in the sclerosing foam that results in "bubble" migration into the cerebral circulation. We present a differing hypothesis that significant amounts of endothelin are released from the treated veins, amounts capable of causing these complications.. We tested the release of endothelin 1 (ET-1) in 12 rats after sclerotherapy with sodium tetradecyl sulfate (STS) in liquid and foam preparations. In 11 human subjects, we measured ET-1 in systemic circulation and in a draining vein after foam sclerotherapy with polidocanol.. Rats treated with STS showed a significant increase in ET-1 levels 1 and 5 minutes after foam sclerotherapy. Patients treated with foam sclerotherapy showed a marked increase in ET-1 levels that correlated significantly with local ET-1 levels.. Evidence of ET-1 release represents a plausible relationship explaining neurologic and visual disturbances reported after sclerotherapy.

Topics: Analysis of Variance; Animals; Disease Models, Animal; Endothelin-1; Gases; Humans; Polidocanol; Polyethylene Glycols; Rats; Sclerosing Solutions; Sclerotherapy; Sodium Tetradecyl Sulfate; Varicose Veins

In this article, the authors discuss three pathophysiologic mechanisms that influence the coagulation system in patients who have liver disease. First, bacterial infections may play an important role in the cause of variceal bleeding in patients who have liver cirrhosis, affecting coagulation through multiple pathways. One of the pathways through which this occurs is dependent on endogenous heparinoids, on which the authors focus in this article. Secondly, the authors discuss renal failure, a condition that is frequently encountered in patients who have liver cirrhosis. Finally, they review dysfunction of the endothelial system. The role of markers of endothelial function in cirrhotic patients, such as von Willebrand factor and endothelin-1, is discussed.

Topics: Bacterial Infections; Biomarkers; Blood Coagulation; Blood Coagulation Disorders; Endothelin-1; Endothelium, Vascular; Heparinoids; Humans; Liver Cirrhosis; Renal Insufficiency; Varicose Veins; von Willebrand Factor

Human primary varicosity is associated with 'weakness' of the vein wall. We investigated whether the reduced responsiveness of varicose veins to physiological vasoconstrictors might result from impaired Ca2+ mobilization in venous smooth muscle.. The hypothesis was tested in cells derived from phenotypically different vein segments that were obtained from the inguinal saphenous vein (tissue with incompetent valves), the distal portion of the long saphenous vein just above the medial ankle (clinically healthy tissue), and from a tributary to the long saphenous vein just below the knee (incompetent and overtly varicose tissue). Saphenous vein from patients undergoing cardiac surgery served as control. Cytosolic free Ca2+ levels ([Ca2+]i) were determined with the fura-2 method in cultured medial smooth muscle cells of third to sixth passage (21-23 measurements per tissue derived from five controls and seven patients).. Angiotensin II (10 nmol L-1 to 10 mumol L-1) induced a significantly (P < 0.05) smaller rise in [Ca(2+)1i response in cells derived from incompetent or varicose segments (approximatley 70 nmol L-1) than in cells derived from clinically healthy vein (approximately 130 nmol L-1) or controls (approximately 170 nmol L-1). Likewise, the effect of endothelin-1 (100 nmol L-1) on [Ca2+]i was considerably less in cells derived from segments with incompetent valves or from varicose vessel segments than in cells derived from control patients (P < 0.05). In organ baths, endothelium-denuded strips of varicose vessels contracted significantly less in response to these agonists than clinically healthy segments from the same patient.. The reduced contractility of diseased human varicose veins in response to angiotensin II and endothelin-1 involves impaired Ca2+ mobilization.

Topics: Adult; Angiotensin II; Bradykinin; Calcium; Calcium Signaling; Case-Control Studies; Cells, Cultured; Cytosol; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Endothelin-1; Female; Humans; In Vitro Techniques; Male; Middle Aged; Muscle Contraction; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular; Saphenous Vein; Thrombin; Varicose Veins; Vasoconstrictor Agents

varicose veins are tortuous and poorly contractile. Their aetiology remains unclear. Neovascularisation has been suggested as a possible explanation. Endothelins are mitogenic, promoting proliferation and migration of endothelial cells via endothelin-B receptors. We hypothesise that endothelial cells and endothelin receptor density and distribution may play a role in the development of varicosis.. saphenous vein segments from nine patients with varicose veins were compared to six controls. Slide-mounted sections were incubated in radioactive labelled endothelin-1 and receptor subtype-selective ligands and binding sites assessed using autoradiography. Endothelin-1 and endothelial cells were identified by immunohistochemistry and CD31-positive staining cells counted.. radioactive labelled endothelin-1 and endothelin-B receptor binding was reduced in varicose compared to control veins (p=0.04). Endothelin-A receptor binding was diffuse, with no difference in density in both groups (p=0.58). Endothelin-B receptor binding was diffuse with superimposed clusters. Although the density of medial endothelin-B receptor binding was reduced in the varicose group, more clusters were identified in this group compared to controls (p=0.005). CD-31 staining identified these clusters as endothelial cells.. the reduced endothelin-1 binding and endothelin-B receptor density may be partially responsible for the reduced vasocontractility in varicose veins. We speculate that the increase in endothelin-B receptor binding CD31-positive endothelial cells in varicose veins may potentially stimulate mitogenesis and migration, leading to new vessel formation.

Topics: Binding, Competitive; Endothelin-1; Endothelium, Vascular; Female; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Male; Microscopy; Middle Aged; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular; Receptors, Endothelin; Staining and Labeling; Varicose Veins

Experiments were designed to characterize endothelin receptors in human varicose veins. Three groups of veins were studied: (1) varicose vein (VV) tributaries of the greater saphenous vein from patients who were undergoing vein stripping for primary varicosity; (2) greater saphenous veins (SVs) from the same patients; and (3) greater saphenous veins from patients without varicosity who were undergoing arterial reconstruction (control).. Veins were either cut into rings and suspended in organ chambers for measurement of isometric force, prepared for receptor binding of membrane proteins, or were prepared for measurement of preproendothelin mRNA by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).. Endothelin-1 (10(-11) to 10(-7) mol/L) produced similar concentration-dependent contractions in rings with or without endothelium. Maximal tensions were significantly greater in control veins compared with either SVs or VVs. Sarafotoxin S6c (10(-11) to 3 x 10(-7) mol/L), which is selective for the endothelin-B receptor, also produced concentration-dependent increases in tension in all veins. Sarafotoxin S6c responses in VVs were shifted significantly rightward compared with either SVs or control. Maximal tensions to sarafotoxin S6c also were significantly greater in control veins compared with either SVs or VVs. In receptor binding studies, the number of binding sites as defined by competitive inhibition of 125I-endothelin-1 by endothelin-1 was less in VVs than control veins. Competitive inhibition of 125I-endothelin-1 with endothelin-3 (both A and B receptors) or sarafotoxin S6c (B receptors only) suggests that the difference in receptor number between varicose and nonvaricose veins is attributable to differences in the endothelin-B receptor subtype. Binding affinities were not significantly different for either of the receptor subtypes in all veins studied. Preproendothelin mRNA as quantitated by RT-PCR tended to be higher in VVs compared with either SVs or control veins.. Decreased contractions to endothelin-1 in both varicose and saphenous veins of patients with primary varicosity may be associated with a decrease in the number of receptors. These receptors may be downregulated in response to increased production of endothelin-1, which is regulated at the transcriptional level.

Topics: Aged; Binding, Competitive; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Endothelin-1; Endothelins; Endothelium, Vascular; Female; Humans; In Vitro Techniques; Male; Middle Aged; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Protein Precursors; Receptors, Endothelin; Saphenous Vein; Varicose Veins; Vasoconstriction; Vasoconstrictor Agents; Viper Venoms

The aim of the study was to investigate the release of endothelin-1 (ET-1) in normal and varicose saphenous veins at baseline and after venous stasis test. Ten patients (eight women and two men, mean age 43 +/- 4) with primarily varicose great saphenous veins and ten controls (eight women and two men, mean age 42 +/- 6) were recruited. After 30 minutes of resting in supine position, venous occlusion in a leg was performed with a sphygmomanometer provided to keep the pressure in the cuff intermediate between systolic and diastolic blood pressure for 10 minutes. Blood samples were taken from the great saphenous vein just above the medial malleolus at baseline and 10 minutes after venous stasis was begun. Plasma ET-1 was determined by a radioimmunoassay system. Results are expressed as mean +/- SD. Plasma ET-1 concentration was higher in varicose than in normal saphenous veins (4 +/- 0.1 pmol/L vs 2.6 +/- 0.1 pmol/L, P < 0.001), and it significantly increased (P < 0.001) in both groups after venous stasis when compared with baseline (6.8 +/- 0.9 pmol/L and 3.6 +/- 0.1 pmol/L in varicose and normal saphenous veins, respectively). Absolute increase in plasma ET-1 was significantly greater in varicose than in normal saphenous veins (2.8 +/- 0.9 pmol/L vs 1.0 +/- 0.2 pmol/L, P < 0.01). In conclusion, increased local ET-1 release in varicose saphenous veins could be a marker for venous endothelial activation/damage and/or contribute to promote the morphologic alterations of the varicose vein wall by stimulating smooth muscle cell proliferation. On the other hand, increased ET-1 release could contribute to counterbalancing the varicose venous relaxation and to increasing preload in varicose patients via ET-1-induced venoconstriction.

Topics: Adult; Blood Pressure; Endothelin-1; Female; Heart Rate; Hematocrit; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular; Saphenous Vein; Varicose Veins; Vasoconstriction