endothelin-1 and Hepatitis-B--Chronic

Social anxiety (SA) and depression are prevalent, often comorbid disorders, associated with poor psychosocial functioning. Experimental psychopathology approaches can clarify the transdiagnostic mechanisms underlying these disorders, but most laboratory tasks are limited. We developed and validated the Audio-Dialogue Inductions of Social Stress (A-DISS) experimental task to model real-time rejection sensitivity in a realistic and developmentally relevant context. Participants are asked to imagine overhearing peers at a party talking badly about them (Rejection) or a teacher at their school (Neutral).. The Rejection condition elicited higher negative affect/lower positive affect while the Neutral condition sustained stable affect. Findings were consistent across gender and race/ethnicity. Moderation analyses were statistically significant; participants with elevated SA or depression reported feeling more rejected, insecure, and anxious after Rejection than those with below average symptoms.. Findings provide preliminary validation of a novel peer rejection task for research on understanding the affective experience of real-time rejection overall, especially for those with elevated SA and depression. SA and depression symptoms each uniquely moderating the effects of Rejection exposure on similar affective states, suggests individuals with SA or depression may benefit from interventions targeting specific reactions to rejection/stress and transdiagnostic risk factors.. Our results suggest that T lymphocyte immune dysfunction does exist in adult ITP patients and plays an important role in the pathogenesis of ITP.. ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier NCT03575988.. Brown/beige adipocyte-specific h

Topics: A549 Cells; Acute Lung Injury; Adipose Tissue, Brown; Adipose Tissue, White; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Animals; Anthropometry; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antiviral Agents; Arachidonic Acid; Archaeoglobus fulgidus; Australia; Blood Glucose; Blotting, Western; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Cathartics; Cell Differentiation; Chemokine CCL2; Child; China; Colonoscopy; Crosses, Genetic; Cyclin B1; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Endothelin-1; Endothelium, Vascular; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Female; Finland; Follow-Up Studies; Genes, Dominant; Glycated Hemoglobin; Hepatitis B e Antigens; Hepatitis B virus; Hepatitis B, Chronic; Homeodomain Proteins; Humans; Hypothalamus; Incidence; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Interleukin-1beta; Interleukin-6; Italy; Lipopolysaccharides; Liver Cirrhosis; Liver Neoplasms; Lung; Male; Mice; MicroRNAs; Middle Aged; Motivational Interviewing; NAD; Neuroendocrine Tumors; NF-kappa B; Nitric Oxide; Nitriles; Outpatients; Oxidoreductases; Phenotype; Pilot Projects; Polyethylene Glycols; Polymorphism, Genetic; Prospective Studies; Protein Interaction Maps; Quality of Life; Reproducibility of Results; Shewanella; Signal Transduction; Spain; Sulfides; Sulfones; Thermogenesis; Transcription Factors; Treatment Outcome; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; Uncoupling Protein 1; United Kingdom

To study whether liver cirrhosis and portal hypertension are associated with ET-1 TaqI polymorphism and TNFa promoter-308G to A polymorphism.. A case control study of 106 patients with liver cirrhosis following HBV C infection was performed in comparison with 108 controls by PCR-RFLP.. The frequency of C allele and CC+TC genotype in TaqI polymorphism of ET-1 gene in the portal hypertension group (LC+) was significantly higher than that in the healthy controls, and the frequency of TNF2/1 genotype in TNFa promoter -308 G to A polymorphism in LC+ group was significantly higher than that in the control group. The results by stratification analysis showed that TCF2 genotype frequency was higher in the LC+ group than in the control group. ET-1 TaqI polymorphism and TNFa polymorphism were risk factors for the occurrence of portal hypertension by Logistic regression analysis.. ET-1 TaqI polymorphism and TNFa polymorphism are associated with portal hypertension, and are new risk factors for the occurrence of portal hypertension. TCF2 genotype may be a susceptible gene of portal hypertension.

Topics: Adult; Case-Control Studies; Endothelin-1; Female; Gene Frequency; Hepatitis B, Chronic; Humans; Hypertension, Portal; Liver Cirrhosis; Male; Middle Aged; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Polymorphism, Genetic; Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length; Promoter Regions, Genetic; Taq Polymerase; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha

Disturbed gastrointestinal (GI) motility probably exists in alcoholic cirrhotic patients; however, the influence of chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection on GI motility remains unknown. The purpose of this prospective study was to determine the impact of chronic HBV infection on human GI transit, and to explore the possible patient factors modulating GI motility.. We used a non-invasive hydrogen breath test measuring the oro-caecal transit time (OCTT) to assess the GI motility in 45 asymptomatic HBV carriers, 26 patients with chronic hepatitis B, 23 patients with HBV-related liver cirrhosis, and 45 age- and sex-matched healthy volunteers. Their clinical symptoms and various blood parameters, such as platelet count, prothrombin time, etc. were recorded. Plasma substance P, nitrate/nitrite and endothelin-1 levels were also measured.. The OCTTs in controls, HBV carriers, chronic hepatitis B and liver cirrhosis patients were (mean +/- SEM) 78.4 +/- 5.8, 80.9 +/- 4.2, 93.9 +/- 8.8 and 106.5 +/- 12.4 min, respectively. The OCTT was delayed in patients with HBV-related liver cirrhosis compared to that of controls (P=0.039). Among the cirrhotic patients, presentation with ascites delayed OCTT (145.7 +/- 27.2 versus 91.3 +/- 11.9 min, P=0.039). Neither Child- Pugh grade, portal hypertension, various blood parameters, plasma substance P, nitrate/nitrite or endothelin-1 levels had any influence on OCTT.. HBV infection alone does not alter GI motility, whereas the patients with liver cirrhosis may have delayed GI motility. Ascites is most likely a factor responsible for the delayed GI transit among chronic HBV-infected subjects.

Topics: Aged; Breath Tests; Endothelin-1; Female; Gastrointestinal Motility; Gastrointestinal Transit; Hepatitis B, Chronic; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Prospective Studies; Sex Factors; Time Factors

The levels of plasma nitric oxide (NO), endothelin-1 (ET-1) and ALT in the patients with chronic hepatitis B and active cirrhosis and the correlation among them were observed and analyzed. NO3- was restored by using cadmium column assay and NO2- measured by heavy nitrogen assay. The primitive NO3- and total restored NO2- (NO3-/NO2-) in plasma of the patients with chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis. Plasma ET-1 and ALT levels were determined by using radioimmunological assay and Lai's assay, respectively. Compared with normal control group, the plasma levels of NO2-/NO2- and ET-1 in the patients with chronic active hepatitis and active cirrhosis were significantly increased (P < 0.05-0.01). There was a positive correlation between NO and ALT, and ET-1 and ALT in the patients with chronic active hepatitis and active cirrhosis respectively. It was suggested that elevation of both NO and ET-1 levels were closely related with injury severity of liver function.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Alanine Transaminase; Endothelin-1; Female; Hepatitis B, Chronic; Humans; Liver Cirrhosis; Male; Middle Aged; Nitric Oxide