endothelin-1 and Gingivitis

The purpose of this study was to assess concentrations of angiopoietin (Ang)-1 at various stages of gingival inflammation. Ang-1 is an anti-inflammatory mediator present in various inflammatory diseases. However, its presence during the pathogenesis of gingival inflammation has not been established in vivo.. Gingiva was obtained from 110 human donors before extraction of the adjacent teeth. The tissue was grouped based on adjacent probing depth and bleeding on probing (BOP). Gingiva adjacent to a 6-mm sulci was classified as "diseased, severe" (DSev). Tissues were solublized, and concentrations of interleukin (IL)-1beta and -6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, endothelin (ET)-1, Ang-1, vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM)-1, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Data were compared by factorial analysis of variance, the post hoc Tukey test, and the Pearson correlation test. Groups were defined as significantly different when P <0.05.. Gingival concentrations of IL-1beta and -6, TNF-alpha, VEGF, and ET-1 were significantly greater, and VCAM-1 and Ang-1 were significantly lower, in DSev and DM than in N and DS tissues (P <0.05). In addition, gingival concentrations of IL-6, VEGF, and ET-1 were significantly greater, and VCAM-1 and Ang-1 were significantly lower, in DSev than in DM tissues (P <0.05). There were significant positive correlations among sulcular depth, IL-1beta and -6, TNF-alpha, VEGF, and ET-1 and negative correlations among VCAM-1, Ang-1, sulcular depth, and the other biomarkers (P <0.001).. Depleted tissue concentrations of Ang-1 may allow gingival inflammation to become more severe because VEGF and ET-1 secretion become less inhibited. Thus, the tissues become edematous and more likely to develop BOP.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Angiopoietin-1; Endothelin-1; Female; Gingiva; Gingival Hemorrhage; Gingivitis; Humans; Interleukin-1beta; Interleukin-6; Male; Middle Aged; Periodontal Pocket; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; Young Adult

Endothelin-1 is a 21-amino-acid peptide with multifunctional regulation. Initial research indicated that endothelin-1 levels in the gingival crevicular fluid from patients with chronic periodontitis were higher than those in the gingival crevicular fluid from healthy subjects. The aim of the present study was to assess the relationship between the clinical parameters and the concentrations of endothelin-1 within the gingival crevicular fluid from inflamed gingiva and periodontitis sites and, subsequently, after the treatment of periodontitis sites.. A total of 60 subjects were divided into three groups - healthy (group I), gingivitis (group II) and chronic periodontitis (group III) - based on gingival index, pocket probing depth and clinical attachment loss. A fourth group consisted of 20 subjects from group III, 6-8 wk after treatment (i.e. scaling and root planing). Gingival crevicular fluid samples collected from each patient were quantified for endothelin-1 using an enzymatic immunometric assay.. Endothelin-1 was not detected in any sample from any of the study groups.. The results showed that all the gingival crevicular fluid samples were negative for the endothelin-1 molecule. Therefore, endothelin-1 cannot be considered as a potential biomarker of periodontal disease progression.

Topics: Adult; Biomarkers; Case-Control Studies; Chronic Disease; Endothelin-1; Female; Gingival Crevicular Fluid; Gingivitis; Humans; Male; Periodontitis

Endothelin-1 (ET-1) is a 21-amino acid peptide with multifunctional regulation. ET-1 expresses in various cells during inflammation. The present study aimed to examine the ET-1 expression in oral epithelial cells after infection with the periodontal pathogen and to investigate the presence of ET-1 in human inflamed and uninflamed gingival tissues.. The KB cells were infected with Porphyromonas gingivalis and the expression level of ET-1 was examined using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The immunohistochemical analysis of ET-1 was performed in gingival tissues obtained from patients. In addition, the ET-1 mRNA expression in each tissue was also investigated by RT-PCR.. The expression of ET-1 in KB cells was strongly induced by the P. gingivalis infection. On the other hand, the strong immunoreactivity for ET-1 was observed in the epithelium and vascular endothelial cells of the inflamed gingival tissue. Furthermore, the level of ET-1 mRNA was greater in the inflamed tissues.. These results suggested that the expression level of ET-1 in gingival epithelial cells might be enhanced during the periodontal inflammation.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Bacteroidaceae Infections; Endothelin-1; Endothelium, Vascular; Epithelial Cells; Female; Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; Gingiva; Gingival Hemorrhage; Gingivitis; Humans; KB Cells; Male; Middle Aged; Periodontal Pocket; Porphyromonas gingivalis; RNA, Messenger; Up-Regulation