endothelin-1 and Asthma--Exercise-Induced

Topics: Animals; Arachidonate 5-Lipoxygenase; Asthma, Exercise-Induced; Bronchial Spasm; Bronchoconstriction; Cells, Cultured; Cytokines; Endothelin-1; Endotoxins; Exercise; Female; Gene Expression Regulation; Gonadal Steroid Hormones; Humans; Inflammation; Male; Mice; Physical Endurance; Rats; Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-2; Receptors, Immunologic; Receptors, Prostaglandin; Running; Sex Characteristics; Th1 Cells; Th2 Cells; Up-Regulation

To investigate the levels of nitric oxide (NO) and endothelin-1 (ET-1) in soccer players with exercise-induced bronchospasm (EIB), to test whether these endogenous vasoactive molecules are involved in the development of EIB, and to examine the possible participation of reactive oxygen metabolites in these alterations.. Observational study.. Football club.. Forty-three soccer players (N = 43) aged 16 to 22 years performed maximal exercise test on a treadmill by using Bruce protocol.. Respiratory function tests were evaluated before and after exercise tests. Participants were grouped as control (n = 35) or EIB (n = 8) groups according to the respiratory function test results.. Endothelin-1 (ET-1), nitric oxide (NO), carbonyl, malondialdehyde, and glutathione levels were determined from the blood samples taken before and after exercise tests.. In the control group, significant decreases in plasma ET-1 and serum NO levels were determined after exercise. On the other hand, plasma malondialdehyde and carbonyl levels were significantly decreased, whereas glutathione levels were significantly increased after exercise. In the EIB group, blood levels of NO, ET-1, carbonyl, and malondialdehyde after exercise were found to be significantly increased compared with pre-exercise levels.. These findings demonstrate that in young soccer players, EIB is associated with elevated serum NO and plasma ET-1 levels. Moreover, significant increases in lipid peroxidation and protein oxidation and decreases in antioxidant sulfhydryl (RSH) content indicate a significant compromise in the blood antioxidant status and the presence of systemic oxidative stress in young athletes with EIB.

Topics: Adolescent; Asthma, Exercise-Induced; Athletes; Endothelin-1; Exercise Test; Glutathione; Humans; Lipid Peroxidation; Male; Malondialdehyde; Nitric Oxide; Reactive Oxygen Species; Respiratory Function Tests; Soccer; Young Adult

Exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB) is a highly prevalent condition, whose pathophysiology is not well understood. Endothelins are proinflammatory, profibrotic, broncho- and vasoconstrictive peptides which play an important role in the development of airway inflammation and remodeling in asthma. The aim of the study was to evaluate the changes in endothelin-1 levels in exhaled breath condensate following intensive exercise in asthmatic patients.. The study was conducted in a group of 19 asthmatic patients (11 with EIB, 8 without EIB) and 7 healthy volunteers. Changes induced by intensive exercise in the concentrations of endothelin-1 (ET-1) in exhaled breath condensate (EBC) during 24 hours after an exercise challenge test were determined. Moreover, the possible correlations of these measurements with the results of other tests commonly associated with asthma and with the changes of airway inflammation after exercise were observed.. In asthmatic patients with EIB a statistically significant increase in the concentration of ET-1 in EBC collected between 10 minutes and 6 hours after an exercise test was observed. The concentration of ET-1 had returned to its initial level 24 hours after exercise. No effects of the exercise test on changes in the concentrations of ET-1 in EBC in either asthmatic patients without EIB or healthy volunteers were observed. A statistically significant correlation between the maximum increase in ET-1 concentrations in EBC after exercise and either baseline FENO and the increase in FENO or BHR to histamine 24 hours after exercise in the groups of asthmatics with EIB was revealed.. The release of ET-1 from bronchial epithelium through the influence of many inflammatory cells essential in asthma and interactions with other cytokines, may play an important role in increase of airway inflammation which was observed after postexercise bronchoconstriction in asthmatic patients.

Topics: Adult; Analysis of Variance; Asthma, Exercise-Induced; Breath Tests; Bronchial Hyperreactivity; Bronchial Provocation Tests; Bronchoconstriction; Case-Control Studies; Disease Progression; Endothelin-1; Exhalation; Female; Humans; Inflammation Mediators; Male; Nitric Oxide; Probability; Reference Values; Sensitivity and Specificity; Spirometry