endolysin and Infections, Staphylococcal studies

lysine-4,4,5,5-d4 : A deuterated compound that is lysne in which the methylene hydrogens at positions 4, 4, 5 and 5 have been replaced by deuterium.

Research Excerpts

Excerpt	Relevance	Reference
"Endolysins are a novel class of antibacterials with proven efficacy in combating various bacterial infections, in vitro and in vivo."	5.56	Exploring Endolysin-Loaded Alginate-Chitosan Nanoparticles as Future Remedy for Staphylococcal Infections. ( Chhibber, S; Harjai, K; Kaur, J; Kour, A; Panda, JJ, 2020)
"The treatment of endophthalmitis is becoming very challenging due to the emergence of multidrug-resistant bacteria."	5.40	Intravitreal injection of the chimeric phage endolysin Ply187 protects mice from Staphylococcus aureus endophthalmitis. ( Donovan, DM; Kumar, A; Singh, PK, 2014)
" It is a new candidate drug for the treatment of antibiotic-resistant staphylococcal infections based on a recombinant form of the phage endolysin SAL-1."	5.24	Pharmacokinetics and Tolerance of the Phage Endolysin-Based Candidate Drug SAL200 after a Single Intravenous Administration among Healthy Volunteers. ( Cho, JY; Jang, IJ; Jang, K; Jun, SY; Jung, GM; Kang, SH; Seong, MW; Yoon, S; Yoon, SJ; Yu, KS, 2017)
"SAL200 is a new phage endolysin-based candidate drug for the treatment of staphylococcal infections."	3.83	Pharmacokinetics of the phage endolysin-based candidate drug SAL200 in monkeys and its appropriate intravenous dosing period. ( Han, HY; Jun, SY; Jung, GM; Kang, SH; Lee, JH; Yoon, SJ; Youm, SY, 2016)
" HydH5 and its derivative fusion proteins displayed antimicrobial synergy with the endolysin LysH5 in vitro, suggesting that the two enzymes have distinct cut sites and, thus, may be more efficient in combination for the elimination of staphylococcal infections."	3.78	Enhanced staphylolytic activity of the Staphylococcus aureus bacteriophage vB_SauS-phiIPLA88 HydH5 virion-associated peptidoglycan hydrolase: fusions, deletions, and synergy with LysH5. ( Donovan, DM; García, P; Martínez, B; Rodríguez, A; Rodríguez-Rubio, L, 2012)
"Endolysins are a novel class of antibacterials with proven efficacy in combating various bacterial infections, in vitro and in vivo."	1.56	Exploring Endolysin-Loaded Alginate-Chitosan Nanoparticles as Future Remedy for Staphylococcal Infections. ( Chhibber, S; Harjai, K; Kaur, J; Kour, A; Panda, JJ, 2020)
"The endolysin gene (804bp) was cloned into the pET-32a bacterial expression vector and recombinant endolysin Trx-SA1 was successfully obtained with molecular size of about 47kDa."	1.43	Preliminary treatment of bovine mastitis caused by Staphylococcus aureus, with trx-SA1, recombinant endolysin of S. aureus bacteriophage IME-SA1. ( Bai, Y; Fan, J; Feng, J; Ma, J; Mai, K; Sun, B; Tong, Y; Xie, Q; Yang, Y; Zeng, Z, 2016)
"Treatment of localized burn wound infection with combination therapy resulted in early resolution of infection followed by fast healing."	1.43	Potential of combination therapy of endolysin MR-10 and minocycline in treating MRSA induced systemic and localized burn wound infections in mice. ( Chhibber, S; Chopra, S; Harjai, K, 2016)
"The treatment of endophthalmitis is becoming very challenging due to the emergence of multidrug-resistant bacteria."	1.40	Intravitreal injection of the chimeric phage endolysin Ply187 protects mice from Staphylococcus aureus endophthalmitis. ( Donovan, DM; Kumar, A; Singh, PK, 2014)

Timeframe	Studies, this research(%)	All Research%
pre-1990	0 (0.00)	18.7374
1990's	0 (0.00)	18.2507
2000's	1 (2.78)	29.6817
2010's	24 (66.67)	24.3611
2020's	11 (30.56)	2.80

Authors	Studies
Bispo, M	1
Santos, SB	1
Melo, LDR	1
Azeredo, J	1
van Dijl, JM	1
Eichenseher, F	2
Herpers, BL	3
Badoux, P	1
Leyva-Castillo, JM	1
Geha, RS	1
van der Zwart, M	1
McKellar, J	1
Janssen, F	1
de Rooij, B	2
Selvakumar, L	1
Röhrig, C	2
Frieling, J	2
Offerhaus, M	1
Loessner, MJ	2
Schmelcher, M	4
Pallesen, EMH	1
Gluud, M	1
Vadivel, CK	1
Buus, TB	1
Zeng, Z	2
Ahmad, S	1
Willerslev-Olsen, A	1
Kamstrup, MR	1
Bay, L	1
Lindahl, L	1
Krejsgaard, T	1
Geisler, C	1
Bonefeld, CM	1
Iversen, L	1
Woetmann, A	1
Koralov, SB	1
Bjarnsholt, T	1
Ødum, N	1
Abdurahman, MA	1
Durukan, İ	1
Dinçer, T	1
Pektaş, S	1
Karataş, E	1
Kiliç, AO	1
Imanishi, I	1
Uchiyama, J	1
Tsukui, T	1
Hisatsune, J	1
Ide, K	1
Matsuzaki, S	1
Sugai, M	1
Nishifuji, K	1
Álvarez, A	1
Fernández, L	2
Gutiérrez, D	3
Iglesias, B	1
Rodríguez, A	4
García, P	4
Idelevich, EA	3
Knaack, D	2
Nugroho, NT	1
Peters, G	3
Bisdas, T	1
Molinaro, S	2
Torsello, GB	1
Becker, K	3
Herten, M	1
Głowacka-Rutkowska, A	1
Ulatowska, M	1
Empel, J	1
Kowalczyk, M	1
Boreczek, J	1
Łobocka, M	1
Kaur, J	2
Singh, P	1
Sharma, D	1
Harjai, K	3
Chhibber, S	3
Kour, A	1
Panda, JJ	1
Yan, J	1
Yang, R	1
Yu, S	1
Zhao, W	1
Kuiper, JWP	1
Hogervorst, JMA	1
Bakker, AD	1
Klein-Nulend, J	1
Nolte, PA	1
Krom, BP	1
Lee, C	1
Kim, J	1
Son, B	1
Ryu, S	2
Jun, SY	4
Jang, IJ	1
Yoon, S	1
Jang, K	1
Yu, KS	1
Cho, JY	1
Seong, MW	1
Jung, GM	3
Yoon, SJ	4
Kang, SH	4
Haddad Kashani, H	1
Sabzalipoor, H	1
Seyed Hosseini, E	1
Moniri, R	1
Kaspar, U	1
de Haro Sautto, JA	1
Fischetti, VA	1
de Wit, J	1
Totté, JEE	1
van Mierlo, MMF	1
van Veldhuizen, J	1
van Doorn, MBA	1
Schuren, FHJ	1
Willemsen, SP	1
Pardo, LM	1
Pasmans, SGMA	1
Singh, PK	1
Donovan, DM	4
Kumar, A	1
Ruas-Madiedo, P	1
Martínez, B	2
Shen, Y	1
Nelson, DC	1
Eugster, MR	1
Hanke, DC	1
Dong, S	1
Pritchard, DG	1
Lee, JC	1
Becker, SC	2
Foster-Frey, J	2
Leeson, N	1
Schaumburg, F	1
Scherzinger, AS	1
Mutter, W	1
Peschel, A	1
Youm, SY	1
Han, HY	1
Lee, JH	1
Fan, J	1
Mai, K	1
Yang, Y	1
Feng, J	1
Bai, Y	1
Sun, B	1
Xie, Q	1
Tong, Y	1
Ma, J	1
Chopra, S	1
Chang, Y	1
Yoon, H	1
Kang, DH	1
Chang, PS	1
Son, JS	1
Lee, SJ	1
Paik, HR	1
Kang, JO	1
Choi, YJ	2
Gupta, R	1
Prasad, Y	1
Paul, VD	2
Sundarrajan, S	2
Rajagopalan, SS	1
Hariharan, S	2
Kempashanaiah, N	1
Padmanabhan, S	2
Sriram, B	2
Ramachandran, J	1
Gu, J	1
Lu, R	1
Liu, X	1
Han, W	1
Lei, L	1
Gao, Y	1
Zhao, H	1
Li, Y	1
Diao, Y	1
Rodríguez-Rubio, L	1
Nirmal Kumar, GP	1
Nandini, S	1
Saravanan, RS	1
Oh, MD	1
Lee, WJ	1
Kong, JC	1
Seol, JG	1

Trial			Phase	Enrollment	Study Type	Start Date	Status
A Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled, Clinical Study to Evaluate the Safety, Pharmacokinetics and Phyarmacodynamcs of a Single Intravenous Dose of N-Rephasin® SAL200, in Healthy Male Valunteers[NCT01855048]			Phase 1	36 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2013-08-06	Completed
[information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024]

Intervention	µg*h/ml (Mean)
N-Rephasin® SAL200 0.1mg/kg	0.03
N-Rephasin® SAL200 0.3mg/kg	0.05
N-Rephasin® SAL200 1mg/kg	0.57
N-Rephasin® SAL200 3mg/kg	7.26
N-Rephasin® SAL200 10mg/kg	59.79

Intervention	µg/ml (Mean)
N-Rephasin® SAL200 0.1mg/kg	0.04
N-Rephasin® SAL200 0.3mg/kg	0.09
N-Rephasin® SAL200 1mg/kg	0.82
N-Rephasin® SAL200 3mg/kg	7.10
N-Rephasin® SAL200 10mg/kg	55.99

endolysin and Infections, Staphylococcal

Research Excerpts

Research

Studies (36)

Authors

Clinical Trials (1)

Trial Overview

Trial Outcomes

Pharmacokinetic Evaluation of N-Rephasin® SAL200 at the Administered Doses by Analysis of Concentration of N-Rephasin® SAL200 in Serum [AUC Last (µg*h/ml)]

Pharmacokinetic Evaluation of N-Rephasin® SAL200 at the Administered Doses by Analysis of Concentration of N-Rephasin® SAL200 in Serum [Cmax (µg/ml)]

Pharmacokinetic Evaluation of N-Rephasin® SAL200 at the Administered Doses by Analysis of Concentration of N-Rephasin® SAL200 in Serum [Cmax/D (µg/ml/mg)]

Pharmacokinetic Parameters After Single IV Administration of N-Rephasin® SAL200 [Effective t1/2 (h)]

Evaluation of the Safety of N-Rephasin® SAL200 in Healthy Human Volunteers

Pharmacodynamics Evaluation of N-Rephasin® SAL200 : Mean Concentration of Bactericidal Activity After Single Dose of N-Rephsin® SAL200 IV Administration

Reviews

Trials

Other Studies

Intervention	µg/ml/mg (Mean)
N-Rephasin® SAL200 0.1mg/kg	0.01
N-Rephasin® SAL200 0.3mg/kg	0.005
N-Rephasin® SAL200 1mg/kg	0.01
N-Rephasin® SAL200 3mg/kg	0.03
N-Rephasin® SAL200 10mg/kg	0.08

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
	Number of Subjects with at least one AE	Number of Subjects with at least one drug-related AE
N-Rephasin® SAL200 (0.1 mg/kg)	0	0
N-Rephasin® SAL200 (0.3 mg/kg)	2	2
N-Rephasin® SAL200 (1 mg/kg)	1	1
N-Rephasin® SAL200 (10 mg/kg)	6	6
N-Rephasin® SAL200 (3 mg/kg)	2	0
Placebo	1	1

Intervention	μg/mL (Mean)
	0h	1h	1.5h	2h
N-Rephasin® SAL200 0.1 mg/kg	0	0	0	0
N-Rephasin® SAL200 0.3 mg/kg	0	0	0	0
N-Rephasin® SAL200 1 mg/kg	0	0.13	0	0
N-Rephasin® SAL200 10 mg/kg	0	0.40	0.15	0.04
N-Rephasin® SAL200 3 mg/kg	0	0.22	0	0

Article	Year
Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Hospitals: Latest Trends and Treatments Based on Bacteriophages. Journal of clinical microbiology, 2019, Volume: 57, Issue:12 Topics: Cross Infection; Endopeptidases; Hospitals; Humans; Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus; Pha	2019
Recombinant Endolysins as Potential Therapeutics against Antibiotic-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus: Current Status of Research and Novel Delivery Strategies. Clinical microbiology reviews, 2018, Volume: 31, Issue:1 Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Drug Delivery Systems; Endopeptidases; Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus a	2018
Are Phage Lytic Proteins the Secret Weapon To Kill mBio, 2018, 01-23, Volume: 9, Issue:1 Topics: Clinical Trials as Topic; Drug Approval; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; Endopeptidases; Humans; N-Ace	2018

Article	Year
Pharmacokinetics and Tolerance of the Phage Endolysin-Based Candidate Drug SAL200 after a Single Intravenous Administration among Healthy Volunteers. Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, 2017, Volume: 61, Issue:6 Topics: Administration, Intravenous; Adult; Antineoplastic Agents; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Double-	2017
Endolysin treatment against Staphylococcus aureus in adults with atopic dermatitis: A randomized controlled trial. The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology, 2019, Volume: 144, Issue:3 Topics: Adult; Dermatitis, Atopic; Double-Blind Method; Endopeptidases; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; R	2019

Article	Year
Targeted Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy of Biofilm-Embedded and Intracellular Staphylococci with a Phage Endolysin's Cell Binding Domain. Microbiology spectrum, 2022, 02-23, Volume: 10, Issue:1 Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Biofilms; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; Endopeptidases; Huma	2022
Linker-Improved Chimeric Endolysin Selectively Kills Staphylococcus aureus Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, 2022, 05-17, Volume: 66, Issue:5 Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Cellulitis; Disease Models, Animal; Endopeptidases; Epidermis; Human	2022
Endolysin Inhibits Skin Colonization by Patient-Derived Staphylococcus Aureus and Malignant T-Cell Activation in Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma. The Journal of investigative dermatology, 2023, Volume: 143, Issue:9 Topics: Humans; Lymphoma, T-Cell, Cutaneous; Recombinant Proteins; Skin; Skin Neoplasms; Staphylococcal Infe	2023
Staphylococcus aureus Bacteriophage 52 Endolysin Exhibits Anti-Biofilm and Broad Antibacterial Activity Against Gram-Positive Bacteria. The protein journal, 2023, Volume: 42, Issue:5 Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteriophages; Humans; Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus;	2023
Therapeutic Potential of an Endolysin Derived from Kayvirus S25-3 for Staphylococcal Impetigo. Viruses, 2019, 08-22, Volume: 11, Issue:9 Topics: Administration, Cutaneous; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteriolysis; Caudovirales; Endopeptidas	2019
Comparative in vitro activity of bacteriophage endolysin HY-133 against Staphylococcus aureus attached to vascular graft surface. Medical microbiology and immunology, 2020, Volume: 209, Issue:1 Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteriophages; Biofilms; Endopeptidases; Humans; Microbial Sensitivity Tests	2020
A Viruses, 2020, 03-07, Volume: 12, Issue:3 Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacterial Proteins; Bacteriolysis; Biomarkers; Cell Wall	2020
A potent enzybiotic against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Virus genes, 2020, Volume: 56, Issue:4 Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Endopeptidases; Humans; Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus;	2020
Exploring Endolysin-Loaded Alginate-Chitosan Nanoparticles as Future Remedy for Staphylococcal Infections. AAPS PharmSciTech, 2020, Aug-13, Volume: 21, Issue:6 Topics: Alginates; Animals; Cell Line; Cell Survival; Chitosan; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Deliv	2020
The application of the lytic domain of endolysin from Staphylococcus aureus bacteriophage in milk. Journal of dairy science, 2021, Volume: 104, Issue:3 Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteriophages; Endopeptidases; Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus	2021
The novel endolysin XZ.700 effectively treats MRSA biofilms in two biofilm models without showing toxicity on human bone cells Biofouling, 2021, Volume: 37, Issue:2 Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Biofilms; Endopeptidases; Humans; Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus	2021
Development of Advanced Chimeric Endolysin to Control Multidrug-Resistant ACS infectious diseases, 2021, 08-13, Volume: 7, Issue:8 Topics: Animals; Endopeptidases; Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus; Mice; Staphylococcal Infection	2021
The Novel Phage-Derived Antimicrobial Agent HY-133 Is Active against Livestock-Associated Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, 2018, Volume: 62, Issue:7 Topics: Adenosine Triphosphatases; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacterial Proteins; Bacteriophages; Endop	2018
Development of Phage Lysins as Novel Therapeutics: A Historical Perspective. Viruses, 2018, 06-07, Volume: 10, Issue:6 Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteriophages; Biological Products; Biological Therapy; Clinical Trials as T	2018
Intravitreal injection of the chimeric phage endolysin Ply187 protects mice from Staphylococcus aureus endophthalmitis. Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, 2014, Volume: 58, Issue:8 Topics: Animals; Biofilms; Coliphages; Cytokines; Disease Models, Animal; Electroretinography; Endopeptidase	2014
Effective removal of staphylococcal biofilms by the endolysin LysH5. PloS one, 2014, Volume: 9, Issue:9 Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Biofilms; Ciprofloxacin; Endopeptidases; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Rifampi	2014
Evolutionarily distinct bacteriophage endolysins featuring conserved peptidoglycan cleavage sites protect mice from MRSA infection. The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy, 2015, Volume: 70, Issue:5 Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteremia; Bacteriophages; Biological Therapy; Cell Wall; Disease M	2015
Endolysins: redefining antibacterial therapy. Future microbiology, 2015, Volume: 10, Issue:3 Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Clinical Trials as Topic; Endopeptidases; Humans; Staphylococcal Infections;	2015
The Recombinant Bacteriophage Endolysin HY-133 Exhibits In Vitro Activity against Different African Clonal Lineages of the Staphylococcus aureus Complex, Including Staphylococcus schweitzeri. Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, 2016, Volume: 60, Issue:4 Topics: Africa; Anti-Bacterial Agents; beta-Lactam Resistance; Ceftaroline; Cephalosporins; Endopeptidases;	2016
Pharmacokinetics of the phage endolysin-based candidate drug SAL200 in monkeys and its appropriate intravenous dosing period. Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology, 2016, Volume: 43, Issue:10 Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteriophages; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Endopeptidases; Fe	2016
Preliminary treatment of bovine mastitis caused by Staphylococcus aureus, with trx-SA1, recombinant endolysin of S. aureus bacteriophage IME-SA1. Veterinary microbiology, 2016, Aug-15, Volume: 191 Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Cattle; Endopeptidases; Female; Mastitis, Bovine; Microscopy, Electr	2016
Potential of combination therapy of endolysin MR-10 and minocycline in treating MRSA induced systemic and localized burn wound infections in mice. International journal of medical microbiology : IJMM, 2016, Volume: 306, Issue:8 Topics: Administration, Oral; Animal Structures; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacterial Load; Burns; Dise	2016
Endolysin LysSA97 is synergistic with carvacrol in controlling Staphylococcus aureus in foods. International journal of food microbiology, 2017, Mar-06, Volume: 244 Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteriophages; Biological Control Agents; Cattle; Cymenes; Drug Syn	2017
The phage K lytic enzyme LysK and lysostaphin act synergistically to kill MRSA. FEMS microbiology letters, 2008, Volume: 287, Issue:2 Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Drug Synergism; Endopeptidases; Escherichia coli; Humans; Lysostaphin; Methic	2008
Antibacterial and biofilm removal activity of a podoviridae Staphylococcus aureus bacteriophage SAP-2 and a derived recombinant cell-wall-degrading enzyme. Applied microbiology and biotechnology, 2010, Volume: 86, Issue:5 Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteriolysis; Biofilms; Cattle; Cell Wall; End	2010
P-27/HP endolysin as antibacterial agent for antibiotic resistant Staphylococcus aureus of human infections. Current microbiology, 2011, Volume: 63, Issue:1 Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Endopeptidases; Enzyme Stability; Female	2011
Lysis-deficient phages as novel therapeutic agents for controlling bacterial infection. BMC microbiology, 2011, Aug-31, Volume: 11 Topics: Animals; Biological Therapy; Endopeptidases; Humans; Male; Mice; Staphylococcal Infections; Staphylo	2011
LysGH15B, the SH3b domain of staphylococcal phage endolysin LysGH15, retains high affinity to staphylococci. Current microbiology, 2011, Volume: 63, Issue:6 Topics: Cloning, Molecular; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; Endopeptidases; Escherichia coli; Methicill	2011
Enhanced staphylolytic activity of the Staphylococcus aureus bacteriophage vB_SauS-phiIPLA88 HydH5 virion-associated peptidoglycan hydrolase: fusions, deletions, and synergy with LysH5. Applied and environmental microbiology, 2012, Volume: 78, Issue:7 Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteriolysis; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; Drug Synergism; Endopeptidas	2012
Use of prophage free host for achieving homogenous population of bacteriophages: new findings. Virus research, 2012, Volume: 169, Issue:1 Topics: Animals; Bacteriolysis; Bacteriophages; Endopeptidases; Humans; Microscopy, Electron, Transmission;	2012
Antibacterial properties of a pre-formulated recombinant phage endolysin, SAL-1. International journal of antimicrobial agents, 2013, Volume: 41, Issue:2 Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; Chromatography, Liquid; Disease Models, A	2013