enalapril and Transposition-of-Great-Vessels

Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors have been used in the neonatal population for both cardiac and renal diseases. Past reports have described deleterious renal and neurological consequences as a result of these drugs. This report describes two infants receiving enalapril for different indications who suffered renal impairments, likely a result of concomitant diuretic use. These cases demonstrate the risks associated with ACE inhibitor use and the importance of vigilant monitoring when using these medications.

Topics: Acute Kidney Injury; Anal Canal; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; Enalapril; Esophagus; Heart Defects, Congenital; Heart Septal Defects, Atrial; Humans; Infant; Kidney; Limb Deformities, Congenital; Male; Spine; Trachea; Transposition of Great Vessels

ACE inhibition is an established treatment regimen in patients with congestive heart failure due to left ventricular dysfunction which improves morbidity and mortality. However, little is known about the beneficial effects of ACE inhibition in adult patients after Mustard procedure for transposition of the great arteries with heart failure symptoms. Therefore, we investigated the effects of ACE inhibition in these patients on heart failure symptoms, echocardiographic diameters, NT-proBNP and exercise capacity.. In 14 patients (age 25.2 ± 3.5 years), after Mustard procedure for transposition of the great arteries (age at operation 1.1 ± 1.3 years) with heart failure NYHA II (New York Heart Association class), an ACE inhibition was initiated. At baseline and 13.3 ± 4.0 months after treatment with enalapril (10mg twice a day), echocardiography, exercise test and NT-proBNP measurements were performed and compared to an age- and sex-matched control group.. Maximum oxygen uptake and echocardiographic parameters did not change significantly in both groups. However, NT-proBNP showed a significant decrease in the treatment group (242 ± 105 vs. 151 ± 93 ng/l, p=0.004), while in the control group a significant increase (120 ± 89 vs. 173 ± 149 ng/l, p<0.05) was observed. Furthermore, ACE inhibitor treatment did not result in a deterioration of heart failure symptoms or renal function.. Thus, ACE inhibitor treatment of heart failure symptoms in patients with a systemic right ventricle is safe and reduces NT-proBNP levels significantly as a marker for ventricular overload. Nevertheless, larger scale trials are warranted to show effects on morbidity and mortality in this highly selected patient group.

Topics: Adult; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; Cardiac Surgical Procedures; Enalapril; Female; Heart Failure; Heart Ventricles; Humans; Male; Postoperative Complications; Retrospective Studies; Transposition of Great Vessels; Young Adult