emtricitabine--tenofovir-disoproxil-fumarate-drug-combination and Chlamydia-Infections

Genital inflammation associated with sexually transmitted infections increases susceptibility to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), but it is unclear whether the increased risk can reduce the efficacy of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP). We investigated whether coinfection of macaques with Chlamydia trachomatis and Trichomonas vaginalis decreases the prophylactic efficacy of oral emtricitabine (FTC)/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF). Macaques were exposed to simian/human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV) vaginally each week for up to 16 weeks and received placebo or FTC/TDF pericoitally. All animals in the placebo group were infected with SHIV, while 4 of 6 PrEP recipients remained uninfected (P= .03). Oral FTC/TDF maintains efficacy in a macaque model of sexually transmitted coinfection, although the infection of 2 macaques signals a modest loss of PrEP activity.

Topics: Animals; Anti-HIV Agents; Chlamydia Infections; Chlamydia trachomatis; Coinfection; Disease Models, Animal; Emtricitabine, Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate Drug Combination; Female; HIV Infections; Humans; Macaca mulatta; Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis; Simian Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Trichomonas Vaginitis; Vagina