egg-white and Inflammation

Sericin and egg white (EW) have shown the ability to promote wound healing. However, there have been insufficient studies regarding the effects of sericin and EW mixtures on wound healing. This study aimed to investigate the effects of a hybrid sericin and EW solution on wound repair and inflammation-related indicators in mouse skin. In this work, sericin with a low molecular weight was first mixed with homogeneous EW to prepare a hybrid wound dressing. Histology evaluation, the expression of C-reactive protein (CRP) and inflammatory cytokines in mice were tested to determine the effects of this dressing on skin injuries in mice. The results showed that sericin and the hybrid solution of sericin and EW effectively promoted wound healing in mouse skin. The wound recovery rates of mice 12 days after treatment with a medium dose of sericin (0.2 g ml

Topics: Animals; Cytokines; Egg White; Inflammation; Mice; Sericins; Wound Healing

The number of geriatrics with an advanced age is rising worldwide, with attendant cardiovascular disorders, characterized by elevated oxidative stress. Such oxidative stress is accelerated by an age-related loss of critical antioxidants like glutathione (GSH) and dietary solutions to combat this loss does not exist. While egg white is rich in sulphur amino acids (AAs), precursors for GSH biosynthesis, whether they can increase sulphur AA in vivo and augment GSH in the aged myocardium remain unclear. We hypothesized that egg white consumption increases GSH and reduces oxidative damage and inflammation in the geriatric heart. To this end, 101-102 week-old mice were given a AIN 76A diet supplemented with either 9% w/w egg white powder or casein for 8 weeks. Subsequent analysis revealed that egg white increased serum sulphur AA and cardiac GSH, while reducing the cysteine carrying transporter SNAT-2 and elevating glutamine transporter ASCT2 in the heart. Increased GSH was accompanied by elevated expression of GSH biosynthesis enzyme glutathione synthase as well as mitochondrial antioxidants like superoxide dismutase 2 and glutathione peroxidase 1 in egg white-fed hearts. These hearts also demonstrated lower oxidative damage of lipids (4-hydroxynonenal) and proteins [nitrotyrosine] with elevated anti-inflammatory IL-10 gene expression. These data demonstrate that even at the end of lifespan, egg whites remain effective in promoting serum sulphur AAs and preserve cardiac GSH with potent anti-oxidant and mild anti-inflammatory effects in the geriatric myocardium. We conclude that egg white intake may be an effective dietary strategy to attenuate oxidative damage in the senescent heart.

Topics: Aging; Aldehydes; Amino Acids, Sulfur; Animal Feed; Animals; Antioxidants; Egg White; Glutathione; Glutathione Synthase; Inflammation; Lipid Peroxidation; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Myocardium; Oxidative Stress; Tyrosine

Simulated gastrointestinal digestion of preserved egg white (SGD-PEW) exerts anti-inflammatory effects on Caco-2 cells and a mouse model of DSS-induced colitis. Here, we aimed to separate peptides derived from SGD-PEW and evaluate their anti-inflammatory effects using an in vitro inflammatory model. Six peptides were isolated and identified. DEDTQAMPFR (DR-10), DEDTQAMPF (DF-9), MLGATSL (ML-7) and MSYSAGF (MF-7) significantly inhibited IL-8 secretion and markedly decreased gene expression, including TNF-α, IL-8, IL-6, IL-1β and IL-12 and promoted IL-10 gene expression in Caco-2 cells. DR-10, DF-9, ML-7 and MF-7 significantly inhibited the phosphorylation of JNK. In the meantime, DR-10 and DF-9 significantly reduced the phosphorylation of IκB and p38. These results indicated that ML-7 and MF-7 exerted their anti-inflammatory activity through the MAPK signaling pathway in TNF-α-induced Caco-2 cells. Whereas, DR-10 and DF-9 inhibited the NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways. The results suggested that DR-10, DF-9, ML-7 and MF-7 derived from SGD-PEW may be a new type of prophylactic food for the treatment of inflammation.

Topics: Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Caco-2 Cells; Digestion; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; Egg Proteins; Egg White; Gene Expression Regulation; Humans; Inflammation; Interleukin-8; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; NF-kappa B; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha

Agents that block the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) improve glucoregulation in the metabolic syndrome disorder. We evaluated the effects of egg white hydrolysate (EWH), previously shown to modulate the protein abundance of RAS component in vivo, on glucose homeostasis in diet-induced insulin-resistant rats. Sprague-Dawley rats were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for 6 weeks to induce insulin resistance. They were then randomly divided into four groups receiving HFD or HFD supplemented with different concentrations of EWH (1, 2 and 4 %) for another 6 weeks in the first trial. In the second trial, insulin-resistant rats were divided into two groups receiving only HFD or HFD+4 % EWH for 6 weeks. Glucose homeostasis was assessed by oral glucose tolerance and insulin tolerance tests. Insulin signalling and protein abundance of RAS components, gluconeogenesis enzymes and PPARγ were evaluated in muscle, fat and liver. Adipocyte morphology and inflammatory markers were evaluated. In vivo administration of EWH increased insulin sensitivity, improved oral glucose tolerance (P < 0·0001) and reduced systemic inflammation (P < 0·05). EWH potentiated insulin-induced Akt phosphorylation in muscle (P = 0·0341) and adipose tissue (P = 0·0276), but minimal differences in the protein abundance of tissue RAS components between the EWH and control groups were observed. EWH treatment also reduced adipocyte size (P = 0·0383) and increased PPARγ2 protein abundance (P = 0·0237). EWH treatment yielded positive effects on the inflammatory profile, glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity and adipocyte differentiation in HFD-induced insulin resistance rats. The involvement of local RAS activity requires further investigation.

Topics: Adipocytes; Adipose Tissue; Animal Feed; Animals; Biomarkers; Blood Glucose; Diet, High-Fat; Egg White; Gluconeogenesis; Glucose; Glucose Tolerance Test; Homeostasis; Inflammation; Insulin Resistance; Male; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Renin-Angiotensin System

Preserved egg, a traditional Chinese egg product, is regarded as an anti-inflammatory food in traditional Chinese medicine. This study was aimed to examine anti-inflammatory effect of the simulated gastrointestinal digestive products of whole preserved egg (DWPE), preserved egg white (DPEW), and preserved egg yolk (DPEY) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. The results demonstrated that DWPE, DPEW, or DPEY inhibited the LPS-induced secretion of Nitric oxide (NO), without marked cytotoxicity. The DWPE, DPEW, and DPEY significantly suppressed the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-6. Particularly, the inhibition rate of DPEW on NO, IL-6, and TNF-α could reach 25 to 27%, 31 to 42%, and 26 to 38%, respectively (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the DPEW and DPEY downregulated the gene expression of Cyclooxygenase-2 and inducible nitric oxide synthase in a dose-dependent manner. Taken together, this study indicated that DWPE, DPEW, and DPEY, especially DPEW, might serve as functional food for anti-inflammatory therapy.

Topics: Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Egg White; Egg Yolk; Eggs; Inflammation; Medicine, Chinese Traditional; Mice; Ovum; RAW 264.7 Cells

We aimed to assess the possible relationship between food allergy and two key adipokines - leptin and adiponectin - in children with food allergy. A total of forty patients with definite diagnosis of food allergy according to clinical history and specific IgE (sIgE) for food allergens (group I) were enrolled in this pilot study. The control group (group II) included thirty children with no evidence of allergic symptoms. Serum levels of leptin and adiponectin were measured by ELISA. Meanwhile, sIgE was measured for the eight most common food allergens by the immunoblot method in all participants. The median ages in groups I and II were 18·5 and 23·5 months, respectively. The respective Caesarean section rate was 64·9 and 16·7 % in groups I and II (P<0·001). Serum levels of adiponectin were significantly higher in the patient group compared with controls (24·11 (sd 12·14) v. 10·67 (sd 12·23) μg/ml, P<0·001), whereas no statistically meaningful difference was detected in serum leptin concentrations (P=0·92). There was a significant inverse relationship between age and adiponectin levels in group I (P=0·002, r -0·479) and group II (P=0·04, r -0·365), and it was more significant in group I. The most common allergens in the patient group were wheat (52·5 %), hazelnut (52·5 %), cow's milk (50 %) and egg white (30 %). The results of this study suggest an essential link between adiponectin and food allergy that is probably unlikely to be affected by obesity as a confounding factor.

Topics: Adiponectin; Allergens; Animals; Birth Weight; Case-Control Studies; Cesarean Section; Child, Preschool; Corylus; Cytokines; Egg Hypersensitivity; Egg White; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Female; Food Hypersensitivity; Humans; Immunoglobulin E; Infant; Inflammation; Leptin; Male; Milk; Milk Hypersensitivity; Pilot Projects; Skin Tests; Triticum

The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of the administration of egg white hydrolysates on obesity-related disorders, with a focus on lipid metabolism, inflammation and oxidative stress, in Zucker fatty rats. Obese Zucker rats received water, pepsin egg white hydrolysate (750 mg/kg/day) or Rhizopus aminopeptidase egg white hydrolysate (750 mg/kg/day) for 12 weeks. Lean Zucker rats received water. Body weight, solid and liquid intakes were weekly measured. At the end of the study, urine, faeces, different organs and blood samples were collected. The consumption of egg white hydrolysed with pepsin significantly decreased the epididymal adipose tissue, improved hepatic steatosis, and lowered plasmatic concentration of free fatty acids in the obese animals. It also decreased plasma levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and reduced oxidative stress. Pepsin egg white hydrolysate could be used as a tool to improve obesity-related complications.

Topics: Adipose Tissue; Animals; Body Weight; Eating; Egg White; Fatty Liver; Hydrolysis; Inflammation; Liver; Male; Obesity; Oxidative Stress; Pepsin A; Rats, Zucker

The renin angiotensin system (RAS) is a key mediator of blood pressure regulation. Angiotensin II (Ang II), the active component of RAS, is a potent vasoconstrictor that also causes abnormal proliferation, oxidative stress, and inflammation in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) that contribute to atherosclerotic changes. Egg white ovotransferrin-derived tripeptide IRW (Ile-Arg-Trp) was previously shown to exert antihypertensive effect by reducing Ang II synthesis as well as endothelial cell inflammation and endothelial dysfunction. However, the effects of IRW on VSMCs are still unclear. In the present study, we evaluated the antiproliferative, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory effects of IRW on VSMCs in the presence of Ang II stimulation. It was found that IRW treatment could attenuate Ang II-stimulated proliferation, superoxide production, and inflammation in VSMCs. These beneficial effects appeared to involve modulation of the NF-κB pathway. These findings could further our understanding on the antihypertensive mechanism of IRW beyond vascular endothelium.

Topics: Angiotensin II; Animals; Antihypertensive Agents; Cell Culture Techniques; Cell Line; Cell Proliferation; Conalbumin; Egg Proteins; Egg White; Inflammation; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular; Myocytes, Smooth Muscle; NF-kappa B; Oxidative Stress; Rats; Renin-Angiotensin System; Superoxides

Heated foods often present low allergenicity, and have recently been used in specific oral immunotherapy for food allergies. However, the influence of heating on tolerogenicity of food allergens is not well elucidated. Here, we investigated biochemical, allergenic, and tolerogenic properties of heated egg white (EW) using a murine model of food allergy.. Raw EWs were treated at 80°C for 15 min (80EW, mild heating condition), 100°C for 5 min (100EW, cooking condition), or 121°C for 40 min (121EW, retort pouch condition), and freeze-dried. A transgenic OVA23-3 mice model expressing T-cell receptor specific for ovalbumin (OVA, a major EW allergen) induced Th2 cells and IgE production, and presented intestinal inflammation when fed untreated EW diet. 80EW-fed mice presented only moderate inflammation but high Th2 responses. 100EW-fed mice did not present inflammation but induced tolerance as seen in reduced T-cell responses and IgE levels. 100EW demonstrated higher digestive stability and slower absorption in intestine, compared with untreated EW and 80EW. 121EW was strongly aggregated, was not absorbed well, and developed Th1 responses without tolerance induction.. OVA in EW treated only under a particular heat condition (e.g. 100°C for 5 min) lost allergenicity, but possessed tolerogenicity.

Topics: Animals; Cell Proliferation; Disease Models, Animal; Egg White; Food Handling; Food Hypersensitivity; Hot Temperature; Immune Tolerance; Immunoglobulin E; Inflammation; Intestines; Mice; Mice, Transgenic; Ovalbumin

In spite of the many studies on protein modifications by reactive species, knowledge about the products resulting from the oxidation of protein-aromatic residues, including protein-derived radicals and their stable products, remains limited. Here, we compared the oxidative modifications promoted by peroxynitrite and myeloperoxidase/hydrogen peroxide/nitrite in two model proteins, ribonuclease (6Tyr) and lysozyme (3Tyr/6Trp). The formation of protein-derived radicals and products was higher at pH 5.4 and 7.4 for myeloperoxidase and peroxynitrite, respectively. The main product was 3-nitro-Tyr for both proteins and oxidants. Lysozyme rendered similar yields of nitro-Trp, particularly when oxidized by peroxynitrite. Hydroxylated and dimerized products of Trp and Tyr were also produced, but in lower yields. Localization of the main modified residues indicates that peroxynitrite decomposes to radicals within the proteins behaving less specifically than myeloperoxidase. Nitrogen dioxide is emphasized as an important protein modifier.

Topics: Animals; Cattle; Chickens; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Egg White; Free Radicals; Hydrogen Peroxide; Inflammation; Muramidase; Peroxidase; Peroxynitrous Acid; Pronase; Proteins; Ribonucleases; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization; Spleen; Tyrosine

Clarification of the mechanisms underlying the development of food-sensitive intestinal inflammation will provide an important clue to combating food allergies.. To establish a model of intestinal inflammation caused by oral administration of antigen without additional treatments, we focused on the ovalbumin (OVA) 23-3 T-cell receptor transgenic mouse, which had been reported to have high serum antigen-specific IgE responses to the feeding of an egg white diet.. Changes in body weight of mice fed an egg white diet were monitored throughout the 28-day experimental period. After the 28-day feeding, intestinal tissues were harvested for histologic examination. Endogenous production of cytokines and histamine in the jejunum, and production of cytokines secreted by OVA-specific CD4+ T cells purified from mesenteric lymph nodes, were analyzed.. Egg white diet-fed OVA23-3 mice developed weight loss and inflammation with villous atrophy and goblet cell hyperplasia, especially in the jejunum. A further characteristic feature was evidence of weight recovery and tissue repair. Jejunal inflammation was also observed in egg white diet-fed recombination activating gene (RAG)-2-deficient OVA23-3 mice. In addition, tissue sections revealed significant infiltration of specific IgE-positive cells and IgE-positive degranulating mast cells. Higher levels of IL-4 and significant levels of histamine were detected in the tissues. In the supernatant of OVA-stimulated T cells, IL-10 levels were also markedly elevated.. We report that high-dose and continuous intake of primitive OVA alone induces enteropathy containing regions under repair in OVA23-3 mice. Antigen-specific T cells and inflammatory cells primed by T(H)2 responses play important roles in regulation of development and improvement of the disease.. Long-term antigen intake causes T(H)2-dependent and food-sensitive enteropathy followed by tissue repair.

Topics: Animals; Antigens; Cell Movement; Egg Hypersensitivity; Egg White; Immunoglobulin E; Inflammation; Intestinal Diseases; Intestinal Mucosa; Jejunum; Male; Mast Cells; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Mice, Transgenic; Ovalbumin; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell; Th2 Cells; Wasting Syndrome; Wound Healing

The aim of this study was to investigate the role of immunoglobulin E (IgE) in the late phase reaction (LPR) of murine experimental asthma. Our model consisted of an implant of DNP-conjugated, heat-coagulated hen's egg white (DNP-EWI), followed 14 days later by an intratracheal challenge with aggregated DNP-ovalbumin. Airway inflammation was analyzed 48 h after challenge and compared with a similarly immunized group of mice with highly suppressed humoral response due to anti-micro and anti-delta antibody treatment. Total number of cells in the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) (with predominance of eosinophils) and EPO activity in the lung homogenate were increased in the DNP-EWI-immunized group compared with immunosuppressed or nonimmunized mice. However, the cellular infiltration and EPO activity observed in the immunosuppressed group were still significantly above those obtained in the nonimmunized group, indicating that inhibition of antibody production did not completely prevent the inflammatory manifestations in BAL and lung. Airway hyperresponsiveness to methacoline was obtained in DNP-EWI-immunized mice, but the respiratory mechanical parameters returned to normal levels in the immunosuppressed group. When these mice were reconstituted with monoclonal anti-DNP antibodies, only IgE, but not IgG1, restored lung inflammation and decreased the conductance of the respiratory system, therefore, increasing hyperresponsiveness. These results indicate that antibodies are not essential for induction of LPR in the lung. However, IgE enhances pulmonary inflammation and hyperresponsiveness.

Topics: Animals; Antibody Formation; Asthma; Bronchial Hyperreactivity; Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid; Cell Count; Dinitrophenols; Egg White; Eosinophil Peroxidase; Eosinophils; Immunoglobulin E; Immunoglobulins; Inflammation; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Ovalbumin; Peroxidases

Topics: Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antimetabolites; Edema; Egg White; Granuloma; Histamine; Histamine Release; In Vitro Techniques; Inflammation; Male; Mast Cells; p-Methoxy-N-methylphenethylamine; Rats; Skin

Topics: Adrenal Glands; Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Anhydrides; Animals; Carrageenan; Corticosterone; Croton Oil; Dexamethasone; Dextrans; Dibenzylchlorethamine; Edema; Egg White; Hexamethonium Compounds; Inflammation; Male; Pentobarbital; Physostigmine; Polycyclic Compounds; Rats; Terpenes; Turpentine

Topics: Adrenal Glands; Adrenalectomy; Animals; Capillaries; Chlorpromazine; Cortisone; Edema; Egg White; Epinephrine; Ganglionic Blockers; Hydrocortisone; Hypophysectomy; Inflammation; Ischemia; Lymph Nodes; Male; Mast Cells; Microscopy, Electron; Pituitary Gland; Rats; Shock; Tourniquets; Veins

Topics: Anaphylaxis; Animals; Dextrans; Edema; Egg White; Genetics; Histamine; Inflammation; Injections, Intradermal; Injections, Subcutaneous; p-Methoxy-N-methylphenethylamine; Polysaccharides; Rats; Serotonin; Yeast, Dried; Zymosan

Topics: Antigens; Biomedical Research; Black People; Cell Biology; Egg White; Humans; Inflammation; Leukocytes; Lymphocytes; Macrophages; Melanins; Monocytes; Mononuclear Phagocyte System; Neutrophils; Phagocytosis; Physiology; Poliovirus Vaccine, Oral; Poliovirus Vaccines; Skin; White People

Topics: Anaphylaxis; Dextrans; Egg White; Hypersensitivity; Inflammation; Ovalbumin; Pharmacology; Rats; Research; Toxicology; Trypsin Inhibitors; Vascular Diseases

Topics: Aminopterin; Antimetabolites; Azaguanine; Chloramphenicol; Connective Tissue; Cyclophosphamide; Dactinomycin; Egg White; Fluorouracil; Inflammation; Leukocyte Count; Lymphocytes; Mice; Pathology; Pharmacology; Proteins; Puromycin; Rabbits; Research; Toxicology

Topics: Animals; Edema; Egg White; Inflammation; Injections; Rats