egg-white and Hypersensitivity

In this review I have described the pathophysiology of allergic disorders of the gastrointestinal tract. Situations where the intestine cannot be a complete barrier to foreign allergens and antigens were discussed and etiological factors of gastrointestinal allergy were detailed. Clinical features of gastrointestinal allergy include diarrhea, vomiting, abdominal pain and colic, intestinal hemorrhage and malabsorption as well as symptoms and signs outside the gastrointestinal tract such as chronic rhinitis and asthma in the respiratory system, urticaria, angioedema and eczema as dermatological signs, headache, insomnia, hyperkinesis as central nervous system manifestations, failure to thrive and anaphylaxis as constitutional reactions. Milk allergy was discussed as an example of food allergy. Immunology of the gastrointestinal tract was presented, with examples of four types of hypersensitivity reactions, and gastrointestinal disturbances of immunodeficiency disorders and syndromes were named. Lastly, the autoimmune mechanism and the gut were described, with particular discussion of ulcerative colitis as an example of an autoimmune disease.

Topics: Allergens; Animals; Antibodies; Autoimmune Diseases; B-Lymphocytes; Dysgammaglobulinemia; Egg White; Egg Yolk; Female; Food Hypersensitivity; Humans; Hypersensitivity; Immunoglobulin A; Immunoglobulin A, Secretory; Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes; Intestinal Diseases; Male; Milk; New Jersey; Permeability

Topics: Adrenal Glands; Anaphylaxis; Animals; Antigen-Antibody Reactions; Carbohydrates; Egg White; Fibrinolysin; Globulins; Histamine; Hormones; Humans; Hypersensitivity; Kinins; Mast Cells; Muramidase; Neuraminic Acids; Ovalbumin; Pancreas; Rats; Serotonin; Thyroid Gland

Topics: Calcification, Physiologic; Calcinosis; Calciphylaxis; Calcium Metabolism Disorders; Dihydrotachysterol; Egg White; Egg Yolk; Hypersensitivity; Iron-Dextran Complex; Rats; Research; Toxicology

Specific IgG4 antibodies in sera were measured by ELISA in allergic patients who were diagnosed as susceptible to one or more allergens among mite, milk, soybean or egg white, and also in a non-allergic control group, and their diagnostic significance was investigated. The results obtained were as follows. 1. The level of specific IgG4 antibody was significantly higher in each allergic group than in the non-allergic group. 2. The positive rates in the specific IgG4 antibody determination were higher than those in RAST in the milk-, soybean- and egg white-allergic groups. 3. In each allergic group, the causative allergens were detected more accurately by measuring both specific IgG4 antibody and IgE antibody (RAST) than IgE alone. 4. The positive rates in the specific IgG4 antibody determination were higher than those in the skin test in each allergic group. 5. It was demonstrated that the combination of the skin test with specific IgG4 antibody measurement ensured a more accurate detection of causative allergens than the skin test alone. These results indicated that the measurement of the specific IgG4 antibody is a helpful method to detect the causative allergens in allergic patients.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Animals; Child; Child, Preschool; Egg White; Female; Glycine max; Humans; Hypersensitivity; Immunoglobulin G; Infant; Male; Middle Aged; Milk Hypersensitivity; Mites

The prevalence of childhood food allergy and the duration of these allergies, particularly those considered to be transient, like egg and milk allergy, are increasing. The identification of allergic individuals using minimally invasive, non-anaphylaxis-threatening methods is therefore of increasing importance. In this experiment, correlates were sought of an allergic immune response (IR) phenotype in pigs. Using pigs pre-treated with heat-killed bacteria or bacterial components before allergic sensitization with the egg white protein ovomucoid (Ovm), differences were determined in IR phenotype of pigs in the categories treated-allergic, treated-tolerant, control-allergic (CA) and control-tolerant. Phenotype was established by measuring immunoglobulin (Ig)-associated antibody activity (AbA), cytokine profiles and the proportion of blood T-regulatory cells (T-regs) and observing late-phase allergen-specific skin tests (ST). Although 100% of pigs became sensitized to Ovm, only 33% of pigs had clinical signs of allergy after oral challenge with egg white. Pigs without clinical signs were classified as clinically tolerant. Sixty-seven percent of allergic pigs had a positive, late-phase ST classified as very strong or strong, while 84% of clinically tolerant pigs did not have late-phase ST. Treated-allergic pigs and CA pigs had greater total antibody IgG (H+L), IgE and IgG1 AbA than clinically tolerant pigs. Cytokine profiles of allergic pigs and the proportion of circulating T-regs, did not differ significantly between allergic and clinically tolerant pigs. Therefore, measurement of allergen-specific IgG, IgG1 and/or IgE activity and evaluation of late-phase ID ST may be useful in identifying allergic IR phenotypes in swine models of food allergy, which may be extended toward human use.

Topics: Acetylmuramyl-Alanyl-Isoglutamine; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Egg White; Escherichia coli; Hypersensitivity; Lipopolysaccharides; Ovomucin; Swine

Airway inflammation plays a major role in human asthma. Increasing evidence points to a close correlation between eosinophil infiltration and allergic lung disease. A new murine model of eosinophilic lung inflammation has recently been developed; it consists of immunizing mice with small fragments of solidified hen egg white implanted (EWI) into the subcutaneous tissue. In this model, which is further characterized here, mice challenged with ovalbumin (OVA) present an intense and persistent lung eosinophilia, as well as histopathological findings that resemble human asthma. In the present work, the effect of oral tolerance on the development of allergic lung inflammation in B6 mice immunized with antigen plus adjuvant or with EWI is investigated. It was found that in mice rendered orally tolerant by previous exposure to antigen in the drinking water, the T-helper type 2 cell (Th2)-associated allergic responses in both protocols of immunization were almost completely abolished. The allergic responses were assessed by pulmonary and bone marrow eosinophilia, lung histopathology and antigen-specific IgE and IgG1 production. These findings provide the first indication that Th2-associated lung pathology can be prevented by oral tolerance.

Topics: Administration, Oral; Adsorption; Aluminum Hydroxide; Animals; Egg White; Eosinophil Peroxidase; Eosinophils; Female; Hypersensitivity; Immune Tolerance; Immunization; Immunoglobulin Isotypes; Immunotherapy; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Ovalbumin; Peroxidases; Pulmonary Eosinophilia; Th2 Cells

Specific predictors for atopic sensitization in early infancy are prerequisites for preventive intervention studies.. To identify predictors of allergic sensitization to common aeroallergens in infancy, 1314 children in five German cities were followed up from birth (1990) to the age of 3 years.. Blood samples were taken from cord blood and at follow-up visits at the ages of 1, 2, and 3 years. Total serum IgE and specific IgE antibodies to common food and inhalant allergens were determined.. Among our study population, risk factors for sensitization to indoor and/or outdoor allergens at the age of 3 years were a positive family history, the presence of hen's egg-specific IgE antibodies (> or = 0.35 kU/L), and increased log- [total IgE] levels at the age of 12 months. Elevated cord blood IgE was not associated with sensitization to inhalant allergens at the age of 3 years. Egg-specific IgE greater than 2 kU/L in combination with a positive family history of atopy was a highly specific (specificity, 99%) and predictive (positive predictive value, 78%) marker for sensitization to inhalant allergens at 3 years of age.. Hen's egg-specific IgE at the age of 12 months is a valuable marker for subsequent allergic sensitization to allergens that cause asthma, allergic rhinitis, and atopic dermatitis.

Topics: Allergens; Antibodies; Child, Preschool; Egg White; Family; Food; Germany; Humans; Hypersensitivity; Hypersensitivity, Immediate; Immunization; Immunoglobulin E; Infant; Interviews as Topic; Logistic Models; Odds Ratio; Predictive Value of Tests

The relation between month of birth, sensitisation, and manifestations of atopy was assessed in 209 children who were followed from birth to 12-15 years. Children born during the tree pollen season were less likely to develop allergic rhinoconjunctivitis, IgE antibodies to pollen, or a positive screening test for IgE antibodies (odds ratio 0.28, 0.41, 0.35, respectively) than children born during the rest of the year. The prevalence of IgE antibodies to food and animal dander at 9 months and to atopic disease was higher in children born in the autumn and winter, that is, September to February, compared to the spring and summer (egg 20% v 6%; milk 10% v 2%). Thus sensitisation to pollen and allergic rhinoconjunctivitis is least common in children born in the spring, while birth in September to February is associated with an increased incidence of sensitisation to food and of atopic disease.

Topics: Dermatitis, Allergic Contact; Egg White; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Food Hypersensitivity; Humans; Hypersensitivity; Immunity, Maternally-Acquired; Immunoglobulin E; Infant, Newborn; Male; Pollen; Prognosis; Seasons

Topics: Adult; Egg White; Food Hypersensitivity; Humans; Hypersensitivity

The appearance and course of serum immunoglobulin E-antibodies (IgE-ab) to egg-white (EW), cow's milk (CM) and inhalants (pollen, danders and mite) were followed from birth to 12 years of age in 84 children unselected for family history of atopy. During the follow-up 36 children developed atopic symptoms and 48 children did not. IgE-ab to EW and CM reached a peak prevalence at 8 months of age--with high concentrations almost exclusively in atopics and disappeared successively during childhood. IgE-ab to inhalants appeared from 2 years of age and then in increasing frequency during childhood. Similar to the pattern of IgE-ab to EW and CM, transient low levels of IgE-ab to inhalants were commonly encountered in non-atopic children while high concentrations without tendency to decline were almost exclusively seen in atopics. High responders to EW-antigen during infancy were usually also high responders to inhalants during childhood. Clinical allergy to EW and CM and subsequent tolerance appeared early in childhood, whereas allergy to inhalants appeared later and did not disappear. The temporary low-grade IgE antibody response in non-atopic individuals to eaten and inhaled allergens is similar to the results of animal studies demonstrating a transient IgE production followed by tolerance.

Topics: Administration, Inhalation; Age Factors; Allergens; Animals; Child; Child, Preschool; Egg White; Female; Humans; Hypersensitivity; Immunoglobulin E; Infant; Milk

We investigated B cell stimulating activity in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from allergic children with positive IgE RAST score to egg white in order to study whether interleukin-4 (IL-4) was participating in production of IgE antibody. B cell stimulating activity in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from allergic children with positive IgE RAST score to egg white stimulated with ovalbumin (OVA) was higher than that observed in allergic children with negative IgE RAST score to egg white. In allergic children with positive IgE RAST score to egg white stimulated with OVA, B cell stimulating activity in peripheral blood mononuclear cells did not correlate each other; age, IgE RIST, IgE RAST score to egg white and IgG4 antibody to egg white. These results suggest that the production of B cell stimulating activity other than IL-4 may be involved in the patients with egg allergy.

Topics: Adolescent; Asthma; B-Lymphocytes; Child; Child, Preschool; Dermatitis, Atopic; Egg White; Female; Humans; Hypersensitivity; Infant; Leukocytes, Mononuclear; Lymphocyte Activation; Male; Radioallergosorbent Test

We measured the IgE and IgG4 antibody titers to egg white, and soybean of 94 allergic children under one year. (21 wheezy children, 35 atopic dermatitis, 34 wheezy children with atopic dermatitis, and 4 other allergic children). The results were as follows; 1) The positive ratio of IgE antibody titers to egg white was higher than the other IgE antibody titers, and of IgG4 antibody titers to milk was higher than the other IgG4 antibody titers. 2) Of each allergic symptoms, the positive ratio of IgG4 antibody titers to milk was higher than the others in wheezy children group. And the positive ratio of IgE antibody titers to egg white and milk were higher than the others in atopic children and wheezy children with atopic dermatitis. 3) The positive ratio of IgE antibody titers to egg white and milk were higher than the others in the group showed IgE RIST more than 21 IU/ml, and then the positive ratio of IgE antibody titers to egg white, milk and soybean and IgG4 antibody titers to egg white were higher than the others in the group showed eosinophil counts more than 301/mm3.

Topics: Animals; Dermatitis, Atopic; Egg White; Glycine max; Humans; Hypersensitivity; Immunoglobulin E; Infant; Milk; Ovum; Radioallergosorbent Test

Topics: Adolescent; Aging; Animals; Antibody Specificity; Child; Child, Preschool; Dermatitis, Atopic; Egg Proteins, Dietary; Egg White; Female; Glycine max; Humans; Hypersensitivity; Immunoglobulin E; Immunoglobulin G; Infant, Newborn; Male; Milk; Mites; Plant Proteins, Dietary; Soybean Proteins

A group of eighty-six children followed from birth to 4 years of age and previously reported was now re-investigated at the age of 7 years. The prevalence of atopy/allergy was 15%. All of the children with current atopy/allergy had had previous manifestations during their first 4 years of life. No child was allergic to milk at the age of 7 years and only two of the six children with a previous allergy to eggs retained their allergy. No other children had developed allergies to milk or eggs. Only one of the eight children with an elevated level of IgE antibodies to egg white (RAST class 1 or more) during infancy still had increased concentrations of such antibodies. No child had developed an elevated level of IgE antibodies to egg white or milk after the first year of life. Clinical allergies to inhalants had increased from 1% at 4 years of age to 7% at 7 years. Children with elevated levels of IgE antibodies to inhalants had increased from 7% at 4 years of age to 10% at 7 years. The majority of them had had increased levels of IgE antibodies to egg white during infancy. The specificity of an elevated level of cord blood IgE, i.e. above 0.9 kU/l for predicting atopy/allergy during the first 7 years of life and for current atopy/allergy at 7 years of age were both 95%. The corresponding figures for presence of elevated levels of IgE antibodies to egg white (positive RAST) during infancy were 98 and 97%, respectively. The sensitivity of the cord blood IgE predictor was 14 and 17%, respectively and for a positive RAST to egg white during infancy 32 and 50%, respectively.

Topics: Allergens; Animals; Child; Child, Preschool; Dietary Proteins; Egg White; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Hypersensitivity; Immunoglobulin E; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Milk

Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus-specific and egg white-specific IgG in 232 children and 42 adults were measured by the RAST method using monoclonal anti-human IgG antibodies (HG2-25) as the secondary antibody. Changes in allergen-specific IgG with the age of the subjects were examined. Allergen-specific IgG antibody in standard serum was designated as 1,000 U/mL. Standard curves were made for each measurement and the levels of allergen-specific IgG of the sera were expressed in units (U). Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus-specific IgG increases from 9 months of age until adulthood. The atopic group showed higher mean values than the non-atopic group (r less than .001). Egg white-specific IgG reaches a peak around 3 to 4 years of age. After this, it declines until adulthood. These results suggest that age factors and allergen factors must be taken into consideration when evaluating allergen-specific IgG antibodies.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aging; Animals; Antibody Specificity; Child; Child, Preschool; Egg White; Food Hypersensitivity; Humans; Hypersensitivity; Immunoglobulin G; Infant; Mites; Radioallergosorbent Test

The distribution of the degranulatory response of human jejunal mast cells to serum containing egg white-specific IgE and egg white (IgE-egg white) was unimodal. A similar distribution of the response to neurotensin and compound 48/80, although slightly positively skewed, was also observed. The median reduction in the number of granulated mast cells with these three degranulatory agents was remarkably parallel. There was a significant correlation between the degranulation obtained by IgE-egg white and neurotensin in the same tissue specimens. This correlation was not so apparent between the response obtained with IgE-egg white and neurotensin or neurotensin and compound 48/80. A possible history of allergic disease did not influence the results.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Antigen-Antibody Reactions; Cell Count; Egg White; Female; Humans; Hypersensitivity; Immunoglobulin E; Intestinal Mucosa; Jejunum; Male; Mast Cells; Middle Aged; Neurotensin; p-Methoxy-N-methylphenethylamine; Sex Factors

Prick tests to milk and egg white were compared to clinical histories of sensitivity to these foods. Seventeen RAST-positive versus 17 RAST-negative controls were used. All 34 children and young adults were selected because they had atopic respiratory and/or dermal manifestations. Atopic eczema manifestations were present in 11 of the RAST-postive subjects and in two of the controls. Of these, nine had past history of egg white intolerance. Egg white challenge was associated with dermal reactions as follows: eczema in two, urticaria in two and angioedema in two. Positive clinical histories compared favorably (p less than 0.001) with prick tests for egg white but poorly (p greater than 0.05) for milk. Similarly, positive clinical histories compared significantly (p less than 0.001) with RAST for egg white but poorly (p greater than 0.05) for milk.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Allergens; Animals; Asthma; Cattle; Child; Eczema; Egg White; Female; Humans; Hypersensitivity; Immunoglobulin E; Male; Medical History Taking; Milk; Radioallergosorbent Test; Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal; Skin Tests; Time Factors

Eighty-eight asthmatic children aged six to 16 years received monovalent influenza A/New Jersey/76 virus vaccines. Forty-one of these children were given skin tests for allergy to eggs and vaccines, and 57 were given pulmonary function tests before and after immunization. Only four children reacted to the vaccines in the skin tests, with three of these children reacting to only one of four test preparations. Only two of the four children showed a correlation between reactivity to vaccine and allergy to egg antigens. No significant changes in pulmonary function were demonstrated.

Topics: Adolescent; Asthma; Child; Egg White; Forced Expiratory Volume; Humans; Hypersensitivity; Influenza A virus; Influenza Vaccines; Maximal Midexpiratory Flow Rate; New Jersey; Ovalbumin; Respiratory Function Tests; Skin Tests

Topics: Animals; Desensitization, Immunologic; Egg White; Guinea Pigs; Hypersensitivity; Immunoglobulin G

Topics: Animals; Antibodies; Antibody Formation; Antigens; Asthma; Egg White; gamma-Globulins; Genes; Histocompatibility; Hypersensitivity; Immunization; Immunogenetics; Immunoglobulin E; Immunoglobulin G; Mice; Models, Biological; Penicillin G; Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal

Topics: Adjuvants, Immunologic; Aluminum; Animals; Antibody Formation; Antigen-Antibody Reactions; Antigens; Egg White; gamma-Globulins; Gels; Glycoproteins; Haptens; Hemagglutination Tests; Hypersensitivity; Immunoglobulin E; Injections, Intraperitoneal; Mice; Models, Biological; Nitrobenzenes; Passive Cutaneous Anaphylaxis; Penicillin G; Potassium; Protein Binding; Ribonucleases; Serum Albumin, Bovine

Topics: Animals; Antigens; Blood Gas Analysis; Chickens; Diagnosis, Differential; Egg White; Farmer's Lung; Feathers; Humans; Hypersensitivity; Hypersensitivity, Delayed; Male; Middle Aged; Pneumonia; Precipitin Tests; Radiography; Spirometry; Vital Capacity

Topics: Albumins; Animals; Brucella Vaccine; Egg White; Guinea Pigs; Hypersensitivity; Neuraminic Acids

Topics: Animals; Antibody Formation; Egg White; Hypersensitivity; Hypersensitivity, Delayed; Rabbits; Research

Topics: Anaphylaxis; Dextrans; Egg White; Hypersensitivity; Inflammation; Ovalbumin; Pharmacology; Rats; Research; Toxicology; Trypsin Inhibitors; Vascular Diseases

Topics: Adrenalectomy; Anaphylaxis; Blood Glucose; Chlorpropamide; Dextrans; Drug Hypersensitivity; Drug Synergism; Edema; Egg White; Genetics; Histamine; Hypersensitivity; Insulin; Pharmacogenetics; Pharmacology; Rats; Research; Toxicology; Triiodothyronine

Topics: Animals; Egg White; Hypersensitivity; Immune Sera; Rabbits; Rats; Research

Topics: Animals; Desensitization, Immunologic; Egg White; Guinea Pigs; Hypersensitivity; Immune System Diseases

Topics: Albumins; Body Temperature; Dextrans; Edema; Egg White; Hypersensitivity; Hypothermia; Immune System Diseases

Topics: Anaphylaxis; Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Egg White; Guinea Pigs; Heart; Heart Block; Histamine; Hypersensitivity

Topics: Animals; Egg White; Guinea Pigs; Hypersensitivity; Immune System Diseases; Ovalbumin

Topics: Animals; Egg White; Guinea Pigs; Hypersensitivity; Immune System Diseases; Iodine; Iodine Radioisotopes; Ovalbumin

Topics: Adrenal Cortex; Animals; Egg White; Hypersensitivity; Immune System Diseases; Rats

Topics: Animals; Egg White; Hypersensitivity; Immune System Diseases; Rats; Vascular Diseases

Topics: Egg White; Humans; Hypersensitivity

Topics: Bacteria; Egg White; Hypersensitivity; Leukocytes; Phagocytosis; Povidone

Topics: Edema; Egg White; Hypersensitivity; Tuberculosis

Topics: Anaphylaxis; Egg White; Female; Guinea Pigs; Humans; Hypersensitivity; Oils; Plants, Medicinal; Uterus

Topics: Animals; Blood; Dextrans; Edema; Egg White; Heart Failure; Hypersensitivity; Immune System Diseases; Procainamide; Rats

Topics: Animals; Dextrans; Edema; Egg White; Histamine; Histamine Release; Hypersensitivity; Immune System Diseases; p-Methoxy-N-methylphenethylamine; Rats; Skin

Topics: Animals; Egg White; Guinea Pigs; Hypersensitivity; Immune System Diseases; Urticaria

Topics: Animals; Cardiovascular System; Egg White; Hypersensitivity; Immune System Diseases; Mesentery; Ovalbumin; Rabbits

Topics: Anaphylaxis; Animals; Arteries; Egg White; Humans; Hypersensitivity; Mesenteric Arteries; Portal System; Rabbits

Topics: Adrenal Glands; Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Animals; Cortisone; Edema; Egg White; Hypersensitivity; Pituitary Diseases; Pituitary Gland; Rats; Salicylates

Topics: Albumins; Animals; Ascorbic Acid; Edema; Egg White; Hypersensitivity; Rats; Vitamins

Topics: Anti-Allergic Agents; Child; Egg White; Histamine H1 Antagonists; Humans; Hypersensitivity; Pediatrics

Topics: Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Animals; Cortisone; Edema; Egg White; Hormones; Hypersensitivity; Pituitary Gland; Pituitary Gland, Anterior; Pituitary Hormones, Anterior; Rats

Topics: Animals; Blood Vessels; Edema; Egg White; Hypersensitivity; Immune System Diseases; Rats

Topics: Animals; Dihydroergotamine; Edema; Egg White; Ergoloid Mesylates; Ergotamine; Hypersensitivity; Immune System Diseases; Rats

Topics: Egg White; Eggs; Humans; Hypersensitivity; Skin; Skin Tests

Topics: Anaphylaxis; Animals; Egg White; Hypersensitivity; Immune System Diseases; Rats

Topics: Allergens; Anaphylaxis; Egg White; Flax; Hypersensitivity; Ricinus communis