egg-white and Disease-Models--Animal

Active peptides, as an alternative nutrition supplement, have been confirmed to have beneficial efficacy against acute colitis. Herein, egg white peptides (EWPs) were used as a nutritional supplement to relieve dextran sulfate sodium-induced acute colitis symptoms. The potential multi-component synergetic pharmacological intervention mechanism of EWPs was investigated on the basis of

Topics: Amino Acids; Animals; Colitis; Colon; Disease Models, Animal; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Egg White; Intestinal Mucosa; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Molecular Docking Simulation; Peptides; Signal Transduction

Egg allergy is one of the most common food allergies in children, being the most important allergenic proteins found in the egg white (EW). Allergy to EW shows a complex phenotype that involves a multifaceted reaction that can only be assessed in vivo. Although other routes of sensitization have been described, oral exposure to food antigens is one of the most suitable in humans. In mice, oral administration of allergenic proteins results in the development of tolerance, and the use of adjuvants, such as cholera toxin (CT), is required to promote Th2-biased immune responses over tolerogenic responses. In this regard, among the mouse strains that readily display Th2 responses, Balb/c has been widely used. Here, we describe a frequently used protocol of oral EW sensitization by using CT as an adjuvant and we explain in detail the methods that we have developed to analyze the sensitizing and eliciting capacity of EW proteins including evaluation of signs, measurement of serum levels of specific immunoglobulins, mast cell degranulation, cytokine secretion profile of allergen-reactive T cells, phenotyping of mesenteric lymph node- and spleen-derived dendritic and T cells by flow cytometry, and quantification of intestinal gene expression.

Topics: Adjuvants, Immunologic; Administration, Oral; Animals; Biomarkers; Chemokine CCL2; Chickens; Cholera Toxin; Dendritic Cells; Disease Models, Animal; Egg Hypersensitivity; Egg White; Female; Flow Cytometry; Gene Expression; Humans; Immunoglobulins; Immunophenotyping; Interleukins; Lymph Nodes; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Spleen; Th2 Cells

Effectiveness of retinoic acid (RA) in treating food allergy is not yet clear. Using an allergic mouse model, we examined the amelioration of the severity of food allergy by daily RA intake with allergen or without. Female Balb/c mice were systemically sensitized to egg white (EW) and alum by intraperitoneal injection. Sensitized mice were provided diets supplemented with 0% (non-treated group), 0.1% EW (allergen group), 0.0017% RA (RA group), or 0.1% EW plus 0.0017% RA (RA+allergen group) with 20% casein for 4 wk. Oral food challenge (OFC) and allergic biomarkers were quantified. The decrease in rectal temperature post-OFC was significantly suppressed in the RA and RA+allergen groups compared to those in the non-treated and allergen groups, respectivety. The plasma levels of ovalbumin-specific IgE, IgA and IgG1 at the study endpoint were higher in the allergen and RA+allergen groups than those in the non-treated and RA+allergen groups, respectivety. Plasma ovalbumin-specific IgG2a levels at the study endpoint were significantly higher in the RA+allergen group than those in the RA groups. The supernatant concentrations of interleukin-10 and interferon-γ in the cultured spleen lymphocytes were highest in the RA+allergen group compared to those in the other groups. Thus, continuous intake of RA under allergen exposure ameliorated the severity of food allergy in a mouse model with food allergy.

Topics: Allergens; Animals; Body Temperature; Dietary Supplements; Disease Models, Animal; Egg Hypersensitivity; Egg White; Female; Food Hypersensitivity; Immunoglobulin A; Immunoglobulin E; Immunoglobulin G; Interferon-gamma; Interleukin-10; Lymphocytes; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Ovalbumin; Tretinoin

Food allergies are common, costly and potentially life-threatening disorders. They are driven by Th2, but inhibited by Th1 reactions. There is also evidence indicating that IL-2 agonist treatment inhibits allergic sensitization through expansion of regulatory T cells. Here, we tested the impact of an IL-2 agonist in a novel model for food allergy to hen´s egg in mice sensitized without artificial adjuvants. Prophylactic IL-2 agonist treatment expanded Treg populations and inhibited allergen-specific sensitization. However, IL-2 agonist treatment of already sensitized mice increased mast cell responses and allergic anaphylaxis upon allergen re-challenge. These effects depended on allergen-specific IgE and were mediated through IFN-γ, as shown by IgE transfer and blockade of IFN-γ with monoclonal antibodies. These results suggest that although shifting the allergic reaction toward a Treg/Th1 response inhibits allergic sensitization, the prototypic Th1 cytokine IFN-γ promotes mast cell activation and allergen-induced anaphylaxis in individuals that are already IgE-sensitized. Hence, while a Th1 response can prevent the development of food allergy, IFN-γ has the ability to exacerbate already established food allergy.

Topics: Allergens; Anaphylaxis; Animals; Chickens; Cytokines; Disease Models, Animal; Egg White; Female; Food; Food Hypersensitivity; Immunization; Immunoglobulin E; Interferon-gamma; Interleukin-2; Mice

To characterize the relaxation properties of reactive oxygen species (ROS) for the development of endogenous ROS contrast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).. pH and temperature changes in treated egg white samples were insignificant (<0.1 unit and <1°C, respectively). T. We demonstrated in the study that endogenous ROS MRI based on the paramagnetic effect has sensitivity for in vitro and in vivo applications.. 2 Technical Efficacy Stage: 2 J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2018;47:222-229.

Topics: Animals; Brain; Contrast Media; Disease Models, Animal; Egg White; Gadolinium DTPA; Hydrogen Peroxide; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Hydroxyl Radical; Image Enhancement; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Mice; Oxygen; Phantoms, Imaging; Reactive Oxygen Species; Reproducibility of Results; Rotenone; Sensitivity and Specificity; Serum Albumin, Bovine; Temperature

The objective of this study was to determine the required concentration of egg white (EW) in the diet to induce oral desensitization and/or immune tolerance within 4 weeks of oral immunotherapy (OIT) in an EW allergic mouse model.. Female BALB/c mice were systemically sensitized to EW by intraperitoneal injections and subsequently subjected to oral allergen gavage. Sensitized mice were provided 4 weeks of OIT by supplementing with 0 (non-OIT), 0.01, 0.1, or 1% EW in a 20% casein diet. Nonsensitized mice served as the nonallergy group. We performed oral and intraperitoneal EW challenges, assessed vascular permeability in the dorsal skin, and measured allergic biomarkers.. The change in rectal temperature after oral challenge was not significantly different between the nonallergy and 1% EW groups, and the frequency of diarrhea in the 1% EW group was lower than that in the non-OIT group. The levels of plasma ovomucoid-specific IgE, IgA, and IgG2a in the 1% EW group at the study endpoint were significantly lower than those in the non-OIT group. IFN-γ and IL-10 secretions of spleen lymphocytes in the 1% EW group were significantly higher than those in the non-OIT group, and the percentage of CD4+Foxp3+ cells in the 1% EW group was higher than that in the non-OIT group.. These results suggested that diet supplemented with 1% EW can induce oral desensitization and immune tolerance in the EW allergic mouse model.

Topics: Animals; Cell Differentiation; Cytokines; Desensitization, Immunologic; Dietary Supplements; Disease Models, Animal; Egg Hypersensitivity; Egg White; Female; Immune Tolerance; Immunoglobulins; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Ovomucin

We examined whether the stepwise oral immunotherapy (OIT) for 10 days ameliorates the severity of allergy and the biomarkers in an allergy mouse model. The OIT could not protect anaphylaxis symptoms after allergen challenges but promote the production of antibodies, especially allergen-specific IgA. It was suggested that this OIT influenced the function of immuno response against the allergen. Abbreviations: EW: egg white; IFC: intraperitoneal food challenge; IFN-γ: interferon-γ; IL: interleukin; OVA: ovalbumin; OM: ovomucoid; OFC: oral food challenge; OIT: oral immunotherapy.

Topics: Administration, Oral; Anaphylaxis; Animals; Desensitization, Immunologic; Disease Models, Animal; Egg Hypersensitivity; Egg White; Female; Immunoglobulin A; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Severity of Illness Index

Peptides DEDTQAMPFR (DR-10), MLGATSL (ML-7), SLSFASR (SR-7), and MSYSAGF (MF-7) derived from simulated gastrointestinal digestion of preserved egg white (SGD-PEW) exerted anti-inflammatory effects on Caco-2 cells. Here, we aimed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effects of these peptides derived from SGD-PEW in a mouse model of dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis. The results showed that DR-10, ML-7, SR-7 and MF-7 significantly ameliorated the clinical symptoms of DSS-induced mice colitis, such as weight loss, disease activity index (DAI), colon shortening, spleen hypertrophy and histological scores. Treatment with DR-10, ML-7, SR-7 and MF-7 also significantly inhibited the local secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-6 and markedly decreased the gene expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including TNF-α, IL-6, IL-17, IL-1β, IFN-γ and MCP-1, in DSS-induced mice colitis. Overall, MF-7 showed the best effect of alleviating DSS-induced colitis among the four peptides. These results suggested that MF-7, DR-10, ML-7 and SR-7 may be a potential promising candidate for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).

Topics: Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Caco-2 Cells; Cytokines; Dextran Sulfate; Digestion; Disease Models, Animal; Ducks; Egg White; Female; Humans; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Interleukin-1beta; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Ovum; Peptides; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha

Desalted duck egg white peptides (DPs) have been proven to promote calcium uptake in Caco-2 cells and rats treated with a calcium-deficient diet. The retinoic acid-induced bone loss model was used to evaluate the effect of DPs on calcium absorption and bone formation. Three-month-old Wistar female rats were treated with 0.9% saline, DPs (800 mg/kg), or alendronate (5 mg/kg) for three weeks immediately after retinoic acid treatment (80 mg/kg) once daily for two weeks. The model group was significantly higher in serum bone alkaline phosphatase than the other three groups (

Topics: Alendronate; Alkaline Phosphatase; Animals; Bone and Bones; Bone Density; Bone Diseases, Metabolic; Caco-2 Cells; Calcium; Calcium Channels; Disease Models, Animal; Ducks; Egg White; Female; Humans; Osteocalcin; Osteoclasts; Osteogenesis; Peptides; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Tretinoin; TRPV Cation Channels

Ovotransferrin (OVT), one of the major hen egg white proteins, was shown to possess antimicrobial and antioxidant activities in vitro. However, there is no information regarding the in vivo preventative effect in chronic inflammatory diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The aim of the present study is to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effects of OVT in a mouse model of dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis. OVT (50 or 250 mg/kg BW) was given orally for 14 days to female BALB/c mice, and 5% DSS (MW 36-50 kDa) was used to induce acute colitis (days 7-14) via drinking water. The current in vivo study demonstrated that OVT significantly reduced clinical signs, weight loss, shortening of the colon, and inflammatory cytokine markers of disease. The histopathological analysis of the colon revealed that OVT reduced histological scores. These results indicate that the use of OVT may be a potential promising candidate for the prevention of IBD.

Topics: Animals; Chickens; Colitis; Conalbumin; Cytokines; Dextrans; Disease Models, Animal; Egg White; Female; Humans; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Sulfates

Heated foods often present low allergenicity, and have recently been used in specific oral immunotherapy for food allergies. However, the influence of heating on tolerogenicity of food allergens is not well elucidated. Here, we investigated biochemical, allergenic, and tolerogenic properties of heated egg white (EW) using a murine model of food allergy.. Raw EWs were treated at 80°C for 15 min (80EW, mild heating condition), 100°C for 5 min (100EW, cooking condition), or 121°C for 40 min (121EW, retort pouch condition), and freeze-dried. A transgenic OVA23-3 mice model expressing T-cell receptor specific for ovalbumin (OVA, a major EW allergen) induced Th2 cells and IgE production, and presented intestinal inflammation when fed untreated EW diet. 80EW-fed mice presented only moderate inflammation but high Th2 responses. 100EW-fed mice did not present inflammation but induced tolerance as seen in reduced T-cell responses and IgE levels. 100EW demonstrated higher digestive stability and slower absorption in intestine, compared with untreated EW and 80EW. 121EW was strongly aggregated, was not absorbed well, and developed Th1 responses without tolerance induction.. OVA in EW treated only under a particular heat condition (e.g. 100°C for 5 min) lost allergenicity, but possessed tolerogenicity.

Topics: Animals; Cell Proliferation; Disease Models, Animal; Egg White; Food Handling; Food Hypersensitivity; Hot Temperature; Immune Tolerance; Immunoglobulin E; Inflammation; Intestines; Mice; Mice, Transgenic; Ovalbumin

Anesthetized mice or rats received intravenously 6%, 10%, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, and 90% dextran and/or white egg (1ml/rat or 0.15ml/mouse) into their tails. Medication (/kg b.w., 5ml/kg) was given intraperitoneally (BPC 157 10µg, 1µg, 10ng, and 10pg/kg, chloropyramine 20mg/kg, and cimetidine 10mg/kg intraperitoneally, alone or in combination while controls received an equivolume of saline), immediately after challenge or, alternatively, at 5min after or 24 or 48h before challenge. The effect was assessed at 5, 10, 20 and 30min after dextran and/or white egg challenge. We commonly noted prominent edema involving the face, upper and lower lip, snout, paws and scrotum (presented with extreme cyanosis), poor respiration and the number of fatalities after dextran and/or white egg application. Contrary, BPC 157 regimens (10µg, 1µg, 10ng, and 10pg/kg) effectively, may both prevent anaphylactoid reactions that may arise from dextran and/or white egg application and furthermore, rescue already advanced reactions when given after the challenge. Chloropyramine and cimetidine given alone were only moderately effective. When given together with BPC 157, the observed effect correlates with the strong effect of BPC 157 given alone.

Topics: Administration, Intravenous; Anaphylaxis; Animals; Anti-Allergic Agents; Cimetidine; Dextrans; Disease Models, Animal; Edema; Egg White; Ethylenediamines; Histamine H1 Antagonists; Histamine H2 Antagonists; Male; Mice; Peptide Fragments; Proteins; Rats, Wistar; Time Factors

To improve the efficacy and safety of tolerance induction for food allergies, identifying the tissues responsible for inducing intestinal inflammation and subsequent oral tolerance is important. We used OVA23-3 mice, which express an ovalbumin-specific T-cell receptor, to elucidate the roles of local and systemic immune tissues in intestinal inflammation.. OVA23-3 mice developed marked enteropathy after consuming a diet containing egg white (EW diet) for 10 days but overcame the enteropathy (despite continued moderate inflammation) after receiving EW diet for a total of 28 days. Injecting mice with anti-IL-4 antibody or cyclosporine A confirmed the involvement of Th2 cells in the development of the enteropathy. To assess the individual contributions of Peyer's patches (PPs), mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs), and the spleen to the generation of effector CD4+ T-cells, we analyzed the IL-4 production, proliferation in response to ovalbumin, and CD4+ T-cell numbers of these tissues. EW feeding for 10 days induced significant IL-4 production in PPs, the infiltration of numerous CD4+ T-cells into MLNs, and a decrease in CD4+ T-cell numbers in spleen. On day 28, CD4+ T-cells from all tissues had attenuated responses to ovalbumin, suggesting tolerance acquisition, although MLN CD4+ T-cells still maintained IL-4 production with proliferation. In addition, removal of MLNs but not the spleen decreased the severity of enteropathy and PP-disrupted mice showed delayed onset of EW-induced inflammatory responses. Disruption of peripheral lymphoid tissues or of both PPs and MLNs almost completely prevented the enteropathy.. PPs and MLNs coordinately promote enteropathy by generating effector T-cells during the initial and exacerbated phases, respectively; the spleen is dispensable for enteropathy and shows tolerogenic responses throughout EW-feeding. The regulation of PPs may suppress the initiation of intestinal inflammation, subsequently restricting MLNs and inhibiting the progression of food-allergic enteropathy.

Topics: Animal Feed; Animals; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes; Disease Models, Animal; Egg White; Female; Food Hypersensitivity; Interleukin-4; Intestinal Diseases; Lymph Nodes; Male; Mesentery; Mice; Ovalbumin; Peyer's Patches; Spleen

Oral immunotherapy (OIT) is a promising treatment for food allergy. Studies are needed to elucidate mechanisms of clinical protection and to identify safer and potentially more efficacious methods for desensitizing patients to food allergens.. We established a mouse model of OIT to determine how the dose or form of antigen may affect desensitization and to identify mechanisms of desensitization.. Increasing doses of egg white or ovomucoid as OIT were administered orally to sensitized mice. The impact of OIT on anaphylaxis elicited by oral allergen challenge was determined. Allergen-specific antibody and cytokine responses and mast cell and basophil activation in response to OIT were measured. Gene expression in the small intestine was studied by microarray and real-time PCR.. OIT resulted in desensitization but not tolerance of mice to the allergen. OIT did not result in desensitization of systemic effector cells, and protection was localized to the gastrointestinal tract. OIT was associated with significant changes in gene expression in the jejunum, including genes expressed by intestinal epithelial cells. Extensively heated ovomucoid that does not trigger anaphylaxis when given orally to sensitized mice was as efficacious as native ovomucoid in desensitizing mice.. OIT results in clinical protection against food-induced anaphylaxis through a novel mechanism that is localized to the intestinal mucosa and is associated with significant changes in small intestinal gene expression. Extensively heating egg allergen decreases allergenicity and increases safety while still retaining the ability to induce effective desensitization.

Topics: Administration, Oral; Allergens; Anaphylaxis; Animals; Cytokines; Desensitization, Immunologic; Disease Models, Animal; Egg White; Epitopes; Female; Food Hypersensitivity; Gastric Mucosa; Gene Expression Profiling; Immunoglobulin A; Immunoglobulin E; Intestinal Mucosa; Mice; Mice, Inbred C3H; Ovomucin; Protein Denaturation

Oral immunotherapy (OIT) involving continuous oral administration of allergenic foods has gained attention as a therapy for food allergies. To study the influence of oral administration of allergenic foods on gastrointestinal symptoms including inflammation, we established a mouse model of food-induced intestinal allergy.. BALB/c mice were fed an egg white (EW) diet containing ovalbumin (OVA, a major EW allergen) after intraperitoneal sensitisation with OVA and Alum. The mice on the EW diet for one wk presented gastrointestinal symptoms (i.e. weight loss and soft stools) and inflammation in the small intestines (i.e. duodenum, jejunum and ileum). Further continuous EW diet resolved the weight loss but not the soft stools. Splenic CD4(+) T-cells of EW diet-fed mice on the continuous diet showed less proliferation and cytokine production compared with those of control mice, suggesting tolerance induction by the diet. The continuous EW diet reduced levels of OVA-specific IgE antibodies, but significantly aggravated the inflammation in the jejunum.. Our mouse model would be useful to investigate inflammatory and regulatory mechanisms in food-induced intestinal allergies. Our results suggest potential gastrointestinal inflammation in patients undergoing OIT as continuous administration of allergenic foods, even though the therapy may induce clinical tolerance.

Topics: Administration, Oral; Animals; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes; Cytokines; Disease Models, Animal; Egg White; Female; Food; Food Hypersensitivity; Gastroenteritis; Immune Tolerance; Immunoglobulin E; Interleukin-10; Intestine, Small; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Ovalbumin; Spleen

Oral immunotherapy (OIT) is a promising therapeutic approach for treating food allergy. The treatment with heated ovomucoid-depleted egg white (HOMEW) in egg-allergic patients is noteworthy; however, OIT protocols are still experimental, and a better knowledge of the underlying mechanism is required. The objective of this work was to investigate the immunomodulatory effects of HOMEW and characterize the underlying mechanism in a BALB/c mouse model of egg allergy. Mice were sensitized with EW and treated with HOMEW. Post treatment, mice were challenged with EW and euthanized for collecting blood and spleen. Markers of allergic clinical outcomes were measured as histamine concentration, serum antibody activity, and cytokine production from cultured splenocytes. Digestibility of HOMEW was assessed mimicking physiological conditions in vitro. The HOMEW demonstrated high digestibility. The treatment induced a marked increase of the Th1/Th2 ratio in the high-dose treatment group. Treated mice had significantly less histamine, EW-specific IgE, and IL-4 and more IFN-γ and IL-10. This study confirms the mechanisms involved in successful tolerance induction with OIT using HOMEW and allows understanding of the vital role of surrogate allergy markers involved in immune modulation.

Topics: Administration, Oral; Animals; Cells, Cultured; Cytokines; Digestion; Disease Models, Animal; Egg Hypersensitivity; Egg White; Feces; Female; Histamine; Hot Temperature; Immunoglobulin A; Immunoglobulin E; Immunoglobulin G; Immunologic Factors; Immunotherapy; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Ovomucin; Spleen; Th1 Cells; Th2 Cells

Topics: Animals; Antigens; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes; Celiac Disease; Chick Embryo; Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors; Dinoprostone; Disease Models, Animal; Egg White; Humans; Indomethacin; Mice; Mice, Inbred Strains; Mice, Transgenic; Muramidase; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell

A total of six different strains of Salmonella enteritidis (phage type 4) were used for the artificial infection of the egg yolk and albumen of SPF hatching eggs. An artificial yolk infection with low infection doses of S. enteritidis resulted in a considerable multiplication of salmonellas in the egg after a short time and a rapid embryonic death. After inoculation of 10(3) cfu of different S. enteritidis strains into the albumen, living day-old chicks infected with salmonellas were hatched. This model corresponds to a primary vertical transmission of salmonellas and permits the investigation of problems concerning the pathogen/host relationship.

Topics: Animals; Chickens; Disease Models, Animal; Egg White; Egg Yolk; Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical; Poultry Diseases; Salmonella enteritidis; Salmonella Infections, Animal; Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms

The effect of n6 and n3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) on development of acute inflammation in rats has been studied. During 4 weeks male Wistar rats (initial weight 140-150 g) were on feed containing as lipid component 6% butter and 3% fish oil obtained from Sardinops sagax melanosticta (n3 PUFA-diet). The development of paw oedema induced by subplantar injection of dextran or carrageenan inhibited when the animals were on diet where prevailed n3 PUFA. In contrast, the state of paw oedema, caused by intraperitoneal administration of egg white was similarly high in rats given both n6 and n3 PUFA.

Topics: Acute Disease; Animals; Butter; Carrageenan; Dextrans; Dietary Fats, Unsaturated; Disease Models, Animal; Edema; Egg White; Fish Oils; Foot; Helianthus; Male; Plant Oils; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Sunflower Oil