egg-white and Anaphylaxis

Topics: Anaphylaxis; Animals; Animals, Laboratory; Bradykinin; Cats; Dextrans; Dogs; Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions; Egg White; Food Hypersensitivity; Foodborne Diseases; Guinea Pigs; Humans; Mice; Pharmacogenetics; Rats; Shock, Septic; Toxicology

Topics: Adrenal Glands; Anaphylaxis; Animals; Antigen-Antibody Reactions; Carbohydrates; Egg White; Fibrinolysin; Globulins; Histamine; Hormones; Humans; Hypersensitivity; Kinins; Mast Cells; Muramidase; Neuraminic Acids; Ovalbumin; Pancreas; Rats; Serotonin; Thyroid Gland

Hen's egg is the most common cause of food allergy in early childhood.. We investigated the efficacy and safety of early hen's egg introduction at age 4 to 6 months to prevent hen's egg allergy in the general population.. This randomized, placebo-controlled trial included 4- to 6-month-old infants who were not sensitized against hen's egg, as determined based on specific serum antibodies (IgE). These infants were randomized to receive either verum (egg white powder) or placebo (rice powder) added to the first weaning food 3 times a week under a concurrent egg-free diet from age 4 to 6 until 12 months. The primary outcome was sensitization to hen's egg (increased specific serum IgE levels) by age 12 months. Hen's egg allergy (secondary outcome) was confirmed by double-blind, placebo-controlled food challenges.. Among 406 screened infants, 23 (5.7%) had hen's egg-specific IgE before randomization. Seventeen of 23 underwent subsequent double-blind, placebo-controlled food challenges, and 16 were confirmed as allergic, including 11 with anaphylactic reactions. Of the 383 nonsensitized infants (56.7% male), 184 were randomized to verum and 199 to placebo. At 12 months of age, 5.6% of the children in the verum group were hen's egg sensitized versus 2.6% in the placebo group (primary outcome; relative risk, 2.20; 95% CI, 0.68-7.14; P = .24), and 2.1% were confirmed to have hen's egg allergy versus 0.6% in the placebo group (relative risk, 3.30; 95% CI, 0.35-31.32; P = .35).. We found no evidence that consumption of hen's egg starting at 4 to 6 months of age prevents hen's egg sensitization or allergy. In contrast, it might result in frequent allergic reactions in the community considering that many 4- to 6-month-old infants were already allergic to hen's egg.

Topics: Anaphylaxis; Animals; Chickens; Double-Blind Method; Egg Hypersensitivity; Egg Proteins; Egg White; Female; Humans; Immunoglobulin E; Infant; Male; Primary Prevention

The current increase in the prevalence of food allergies appears to have several causes including better screening, improved diagnosis and changes in both the techniques used by food manufacturers and eating habits. Labial food challenge (LFC)is simple, rapid to perform and is associated with only low risks of systemic reaction. It is thus an appealing alternative to the oral food challenge (OFC) for pediatric use. We report a series of 202 LFC performed over two years in 142 children with food allergy suspected from the case history, positive skin prick tests and specific serum IgE assays: 156 LFC were positive; and 46 negative, followed by positive single-blind, placebo-controlled food challenges (SBPCFC). The foods provoking reactions were egg white (75 cases), peanut (60 cases), mustard (23 cases), cow's milk (13 cases), cod (8 cases), kiwi fruit, shrimp (4 cases each), chicken, peanut oil (3 cases each), hazel nuts (2 cases), and snails, apple, fennel, garlic, chilli peppers, pepper, and duck (1 case each). LFC positivity was mostly (89.7% of cases) manifested as a labial edema with contiguous urticaria. There were systemic reactions in 4.5% of cases: generalized urticaria, hoarseness and rapid-onset and generalized eczema. The 46 infants with negative LFC results had positive SBPCFC. The reactions were in 34 cases generalized urticaria, 10 cases asthma attacks, 2 cases early and generalized eczema, and in one case general anaphylactic shock. The sensitivity of the LFC was 77%. The LFC was easy to perform with children. Positive results indicate the presence of food allergy, but negative results require further investigations preferably double-blind, placebo-controlled food challenge (DBPCFC).

Topics: Administration, Oral; Adolescent; Anaphylaxis; Animals; Arachis; Asthma; Child; Child, Preschool; Dermatitis, Atopic; Egg White; Female; Fishes; Food; Food Hypersensitivity; Humans; Immunoglobulin E; Labial Frenum; Male; Milk; Mustard Plant; Plants, Medicinal; Skin Tests; Urticaria

The gold standard for diagnosing egg allergy in children is the oral food challenge (OFC). However, OFCs are time-consuming and risky procedures. Our study aimed to evaluate the utility of the basophil activation test (BAT) and component-resolved diagnostic in the diagnostic workup of children with egg allergy.. Overall, 86 children aged 6 months to 17 years, suspected of egg allergy, underwent OFC with boiled egg according to international standardized protocols. BAT and specific immunoglobulin E (sIgE) testing to component egg proteins (Gal d 1-4) were also performed.. Of the 22 children who reacted to boiled egg, only one experienced anaphylaxis during the challenge. BAT was performed in samples obtained by 75 of the 86 patients of our cohort. Egg white and yolk protein extracts induced CD63 upregulation in the egg-allergic (EA) children compared with sensitized children that tolerated boiled egg (we registered an overall mean of CD63 expression in the EA population of 44.4% [SD 34.1] for egg white and 34.7% [SD 31.3] for egg yolk vs. 12.5% [SD 19.1] and 10.0% [SD 16.0] in sensitized children). BAT could discriminate between true egg allergy and egg sensitization in our population. As a second-line diagnostic step, the positivity of BAT for egg white or Gal d 1-sIgE resulted in a 40.9% OFC reduction, especially for those with a positive outcome.. The BAT may be implemented in the diagnostic workup of egg allergy in children and, in a stepwise approach, separately or combined with Gal d 1-sIgE, may predict the allergic status and reduce the number of positive OFCs in children with egg allergy at low risk for severe reactions.

Topics: Anaphylaxis; Basophil Degranulation Test; Child; Egg Hypersensitivity; Egg White; Eggs; Humans; Immunoglobulin E

Food allergies are common, costly and potentially life-threatening disorders. They are driven by Th2, but inhibited by Th1 reactions. There is also evidence indicating that IL-2 agonist treatment inhibits allergic sensitization through expansion of regulatory T cells. Here, we tested the impact of an IL-2 agonist in a novel model for food allergy to hen´s egg in mice sensitized without artificial adjuvants. Prophylactic IL-2 agonist treatment expanded Treg populations and inhibited allergen-specific sensitization. However, IL-2 agonist treatment of already sensitized mice increased mast cell responses and allergic anaphylaxis upon allergen re-challenge. These effects depended on allergen-specific IgE and were mediated through IFN-γ, as shown by IgE transfer and blockade of IFN-γ with monoclonal antibodies. These results suggest that although shifting the allergic reaction toward a Treg/Th1 response inhibits allergic sensitization, the prototypic Th1 cytokine IFN-γ promotes mast cell activation and allergen-induced anaphylaxis in individuals that are already IgE-sensitized. Hence, while a Th1 response can prevent the development of food allergy, IFN-γ has the ability to exacerbate already established food allergy.

Topics: Allergens; Anaphylaxis; Animals; Chickens; Cytokines; Disease Models, Animal; Egg White; Female; Food; Food Hypersensitivity; Immunization; Immunoglobulin E; Interferon-gamma; Interleukin-2; Mice

We examined whether the stepwise oral immunotherapy (OIT) for 10 days ameliorates the severity of allergy and the biomarkers in an allergy mouse model. The OIT could not protect anaphylaxis symptoms after allergen challenges but promote the production of antibodies, especially allergen-specific IgA. It was suggested that this OIT influenced the function of immuno response against the allergen. Abbreviations: EW: egg white; IFC: intraperitoneal food challenge; IFN-γ: interferon-γ; IL: interleukin; OVA: ovalbumin; OM: ovomucoid; OFC: oral food challenge; OIT: oral immunotherapy.

Topics: Administration, Oral; Anaphylaxis; Animals; Desensitization, Immunologic; Disease Models, Animal; Egg Hypersensitivity; Egg White; Female; Immunoglobulin A; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Severity of Illness Index

To assess modifications in baseline specific IgE- and anti-IgE- and antigen-specific-mediated basophil activation in egg-allergic children. The values were compared before and after the children completed specific oral tolerance induction (SOTI) with egg.. We studied 28 egg-allergic children who completed SOTI with egg. The basophil activation test and specific IgE determinations with egg white, ovalbumin, and ovomucoid were performed in all 28 children.. A decrease in antigen-specific activation with egg white, ovalbumin, and ovomucoid was observed only at the 2 lowest concentrations used (5 and 0.05 ng/mL). Baseline activation was higher in patients with multiple food allergies and in those who developed anaphylaxis during SOTI; this activation decreased in both groups after completion of SOTI. A significant decrease was also observed in specific IgE values for egg white, ovalbumin, and ovomucoid after tolerance induction.. Food tolerance induction is a specific process for each food that can be mediated by immunologic changes such as a decrease in specific IgE values and in specific and spontaneous basophil activation.

Topics: Anaphylaxis; Antigens; Basophils; Biomarkers; Child; Child, Preschool; Desensitization, Immunologic; Dose-Response Relationship, Immunologic; Egg Hypersensitivity; Egg White; Female; Humans; Immune Tolerance; Immunoglobulin E; Intradermal Tests; Male; Monitoring, Immunologic; Ovalbumin; Ovomucin; Predictive Value of Tests; Treatment Outcome

Anesthetized mice or rats received intravenously 6%, 10%, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, and 90% dextran and/or white egg (1ml/rat or 0.15ml/mouse) into their tails. Medication (/kg b.w., 5ml/kg) was given intraperitoneally (BPC 157 10µg, 1µg, 10ng, and 10pg/kg, chloropyramine 20mg/kg, and cimetidine 10mg/kg intraperitoneally, alone or in combination while controls received an equivolume of saline), immediately after challenge or, alternatively, at 5min after or 24 or 48h before challenge. The effect was assessed at 5, 10, 20 and 30min after dextran and/or white egg challenge. We commonly noted prominent edema involving the face, upper and lower lip, snout, paws and scrotum (presented with extreme cyanosis), poor respiration and the number of fatalities after dextran and/or white egg application. Contrary, BPC 157 regimens (10µg, 1µg, 10ng, and 10pg/kg) effectively, may both prevent anaphylactoid reactions that may arise from dextran and/or white egg application and furthermore, rescue already advanced reactions when given after the challenge. Chloropyramine and cimetidine given alone were only moderately effective. When given together with BPC 157, the observed effect correlates with the strong effect of BPC 157 given alone.

Topics: Administration, Intravenous; Anaphylaxis; Animals; Anti-Allergic Agents; Cimetidine; Dextrans; Disease Models, Animal; Edema; Egg White; Ethylenediamines; Histamine H1 Antagonists; Histamine H2 Antagonists; Male; Mice; Peptide Fragments; Proteins; Rats, Wistar; Time Factors

Oral immunotherapy for food allergy has been the focus of a lot of attention recently. The patients have to eat allergenic food instead of eliminating it in this therapy and there is no established standard method yet. To promote clear understanding and improvement of oral immunotherapy, the present study using B10.A mice investigated the effect of multiple oral administration of a model antigen, egg-white lysozyme, on both the antibody response and the anaphylactic reaction induced by subsequent administration of lysozyme. Various doses of egg-white lysozyme (0-100 mg/mouse) were administered to mice intragastrically for 6 d; then additional lysozyme was administered via the intraperitoneal route in all groups. Lysozyme-specific antibody responses were promptly induced by the first oral administration and enhanced by intraperitoneal administration. An anaphylactic reaction was further induced in these sensitized mice by intragastric administration of lysozyme, and the symptoms of shock were compared in order to evaluate the effects of pretreatment. Interestingly, the decrease in rectal temperature which is one of the common anaphylactic symptoms in mice was suppressed in all of the oral pre-administration groups, and the effects were highest in the group that received 20 mg. Consequently, this study using B10.A mice has shown that sensitization can be induced by intragastric administration of lysozyme instead of oral tolerance; however, anaphylactic shock induced by subsequent intragastric administration of lysozyme is suppressed. This mouse model would be useful for assessing the method of oral immunotherapy.

Topics: Administration, Oral; Anaphylaxis; Animals; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Egg White; Female; Food Hypersensitivity; Immunotherapy; Injections, Intraperitoneal; Mice; Mice, Inbred Strains; Muramidase

Oral immunotherapy (OIT) is a promising treatment for food allergy. Studies are needed to elucidate mechanisms of clinical protection and to identify safer and potentially more efficacious methods for desensitizing patients to food allergens.. We established a mouse model of OIT to determine how the dose or form of antigen may affect desensitization and to identify mechanisms of desensitization.. Increasing doses of egg white or ovomucoid as OIT were administered orally to sensitized mice. The impact of OIT on anaphylaxis elicited by oral allergen challenge was determined. Allergen-specific antibody and cytokine responses and mast cell and basophil activation in response to OIT were measured. Gene expression in the small intestine was studied by microarray and real-time PCR.. OIT resulted in desensitization but not tolerance of mice to the allergen. OIT did not result in desensitization of systemic effector cells, and protection was localized to the gastrointestinal tract. OIT was associated with significant changes in gene expression in the jejunum, including genes expressed by intestinal epithelial cells. Extensively heated ovomucoid that does not trigger anaphylaxis when given orally to sensitized mice was as efficacious as native ovomucoid in desensitizing mice.. OIT results in clinical protection against food-induced anaphylaxis through a novel mechanism that is localized to the intestinal mucosa and is associated with significant changes in small intestinal gene expression. Extensively heating egg allergen decreases allergenicity and increases safety while still retaining the ability to induce effective desensitization.

Topics: Administration, Oral; Allergens; Anaphylaxis; Animals; Cytokines; Desensitization, Immunologic; Disease Models, Animal; Egg White; Epitopes; Female; Food Hypersensitivity; Gastric Mucosa; Gene Expression Profiling; Immunoglobulin A; Immunoglobulin E; Intestinal Mucosa; Mice; Mice, Inbred C3H; Ovomucin; Protein Denaturation

Egg and/or soy allergy are often cited as contraindications to propofol administration. Our aim was to determine whether children with an immunoglobulin (Ig)E-mediated egg and/or soy allergy had an allergic reaction after propofol use.. We performed a retrospective case review over an 11-year period (1999-2010) of children with IgE-mediated egg and/or soy allergy who had propofol administered to them at the Children's Hospital Westmead, Sydney.. Twenty-eight egg-allergic patients with 43 propofol administrations were identified. No child with a soy allergy who had propofol was identified. Twenty-one children (75%) were male, the median age at anesthesia was 2.4 years (range, 1-15 years), and the presence of other atopic disease was common (eczema 61%, asthma 32%, peanut allergy 43%). Most children (n = 19, 68%) had a history of an IgE-mediated clinical reaction to egg with evidence of a significantly positive egg white skin prick test (SPT) reaction (≥7 mm). Two of these had a history of egg anaphylaxis. The remaining children (n = 9, 32%) had never ingested egg because of significantly positive SPT (≥7 mm). All SPTs to egg were performed within 12 months of propofol administration. There was one nonanaphylactic immediate allergic reaction (n = 1 of 43, 2%) that occurred 15 minutes after propofol administration in a 7-year-old boy with a history of egg anaphylaxis and multiple other IgE-mediated food allergies (cow's milk, nut, and sesame). SPT to propofol was positive at 3 mm. No other egg-allergic child reacted to propofol.. Despite current Australian labeling warnings, propofol was frequently administered to egg-allergic children. Propofol is likely to be safe in the majority of egg-allergic children who do not have a history of egg anaphylaxis.

Topics: Adolescent; Anaphylaxis; Child; Child, Preschool; Drug Hypersensitivity; Egg Hypersensitivity; Egg White; Female; Humans; Immunoglobulin E; Infant; Male; Propofol; Retrospective Studies; Skin Tests

Infectious and allergic diseases represent distinct aspects of immune response that can be experimentally modeled as endotoxic reactions following bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) administration and anaphylactoid reactions following systemic injection of foreign proteins, respectively. Although it is well established that LPS stimulates the activity of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) axis, such effects of anaphylactoid reactions are completely unknown. To evaluate the impact of anaphylactoid reactions on HPA regulation, secretion of adrenocorticotropin hormone (ACTH) was followed and the pattern of c-Fos induction in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) was revealed in rats that were challenged with egg white or compound 48/80. Male rats were intravenously injected with 0.1 ml/100g b.wt. 1:1 diluted egg white or 50 microg/100 g b.wt. compound 48/80, blood samples were taken before and various time intervals between 15-240 min after challenge for plasma ACTH measurement. Anaphylactoid reactions resulted in a rapid, significant activation of ACTH secretion and induced c-Fos immunoreactivity in the corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH)-secreting subset of the parvocellular neurosecretory neurons. In addition, magnocellular neurosecretory neurons and autonomic-related projection neurons in the PVN became also c-Fos positive upon challenge. Changes in these parameters are compared to those seen in rats challenged with bacterial endotoxin, LPS.

Topics: Adrenal Cortex; Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Anaphylaxis; Animals; Egg White; Endotoxins; Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System; Hypothalamus; Lipopolysaccharides; Male; Neurons; p-Methoxy-N-methylphenethylamine; Rats; Rats, Wistar

Topics: Anaphylaxis; Child; Egg White; Food Hypersensitivity; Humans; Measles Vaccine; Skin Tests

Topics: Anaphylaxis; Animals; Egg White; Food Hypersensitivity; Humans; Immunoglobulin E; Infant; Infant Food; Male; Milk; Radioallergosorbent Test

Topics: Amine Oxidase (Copper-Containing); Anaphylaxis; Animals; Cromolyn Sodium; Egg White; Female; Guinea Pigs; Histamine Release; Lung; Male

Topics: Anaphylaxis; Animals; Antigens; Egg White; Endoplasmic Reticulum; Glycogen; Guinea Pigs; Histocytochemistry; Inclusion Bodies; Microscopy, Electron; Mitochondria; Myocardium; Myofibrils

Topics: Anaphylaxis; Animals; Calcinosis; Calciphylaxis; Calcium; Calcium Chloride; Cerium; Connective Tissue; Dextrans; Dihydrotachysterol; Edema; Egg White; Female; Iron-Dextran Complex; Lead; Mast Cells; Polymyxins; Potassium Permanganate; Rats; Triamcinolone

Topics: Anaphylaxis; Animals; Blood Pressure; Egg White; Glucose; Hexoses; Injections, Intravenous; Ovalbumin; Rats

Topics: Anaphylaxis; Animals; Benzopyrans; Blood Pressure; Chickens; Egg White; Kallikreins; Rabbits; Tachyphylaxis

Topics: Anaphylaxis; Animals; Antigen-Antibody Reactions; Egg White; Escherichia coli; Female; Food Hypersensitivity; Lipopolysaccharides; Ovalbumin; Pertussis Vaccine; Polysaccharides, Bacterial; Propranolol; Rats; Zymosan

Topics: Aerosols; Anaphylaxis; Animals; Antigen-Antibody Reactions; Antigens; Desensitization, Immunologic; Egg White; Guinea Pigs; Immune Sera; Injections, Intravenous; Ovalbumin; Swine; Time Factors

Topics: Anaphylaxis; Animals; Blood Vessels; Dextrans; Egg White; Galactose; Glucose; Male; Mannose; Permeability; Polysaccharides; Rats; Serotonin

Topics: Amines; Anaphylaxis; Animals; Edema; Egg White; Extremities; Foot Diseases; Histamine Release; Male; Mouth; Mouth Diseases; p-Methoxy-N-methylphenethylamine; Rats

Topics: Anaphylaxis; Animals; Antifibrinolytic Agents; Aprotinin; Cattle; Chymotrypsin; Egg White; Electrophoresis; Glycine max; Lung; Magnesium Oxide; Molecular Weight; Protease Inhibitors; Spectrum Analysis; Ultraviolet Rays

Topics: Amino Alcohols; Anaphylaxis; Animals; Antigens; Egg White; Guinea Pigs; Histamine; Hydrocortisone; Lung; Mast Cells; p-Methoxy-N-methylphenethylamine; Phospholipases; Theophylline; Trypsin

Topics: Anaphylaxis; Animals; Egg White; Female; Guinea Pigs; Histamine Release; Ileum; Male; Mice; Tripelennamine

Topics: Anaphylaxis; Animals; Colorimetry; Complement System Proteins; Egg White; Guinea Pigs; Hemolysis; Immune Sera; Injections, Intraperitoneal; Male; Rats

Topics: Aerosols; Anaphylaxis; Animals; Desensitization, Immunologic; Egg White; Female; Guinea Pigs; Hypersensitivity, Immediate; Male

Topics: Anaphylaxis; Animals; Dextrans; Egg White; Food Hypersensitivity; Genetics; Rats

Topics: Anaphylaxis; Animals; Dextrans; Egg White; Genetics; Histamine Release; p-Methoxy-N-methylphenethylamine; Perfusion; Rats; Serotonin; Trypsin Inhibitors; Zymosan

Topics: Anaphylaxis; Animals; Dextrans; Edema; Egg White; Genetics; Histamine; Inflammation; Injections, Intradermal; Injections, Subcutaneous; p-Methoxy-N-methylphenethylamine; Polysaccharides; Rats; Serotonin; Yeast, Dried; Zymosan

Topics: Anaphylaxis; Dextrans; Egg White; Injections; Injections, Intraperitoneal; Injections, Intravenous; Mucoproteins; Pharmacology; Polysaccharides; Rats; Research; Toxicology; Vascular Diseases

Topics: Anaphylaxis; Animals; Egg White; Guinea Pigs; Heart; Heart Atria; Histamine; Norepinephrine; Papillary Muscles; Pharmacology; Research

Topics: Anaphylaxis; Dextrans; Egg White; Hypersensitivity; Inflammation; Ovalbumin; Pharmacology; Rats; Research; Toxicology; Trypsin Inhibitors; Vascular Diseases

Topics: Anaphylaxis; Calciphylaxis; Chlorides; Dextrans; Dihydrotachysterol; Egg White; Egg Yolk; Iron; Mast Cells; Pathology; Pharmacology; Polymyxins; Rats; Research; Toxicology; Trypsin; Viomycin

Topics: Adrenalectomy; Anaphylaxis; Blood Glucose; Chlorpropamide; Dextrans; Drug Hypersensitivity; Drug Synergism; Edema; Egg White; Genetics; Histamine; Hypersensitivity; Insulin; Pharmacogenetics; Pharmacology; Rats; Research; Toxicology; Triiodothyronine

Topics: Anaphylaxis; Animals; Dextrans; Egg White; Rats

Topics: Adrenal Medulla; Anaphylaxis; Catecholamines; Egg White; Pertussis Vaccine; Rats; Research; Serum Sickness; Vascular Diseases

Topics: Anaphylaxis; Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Egg White; Guinea Pigs; Heart; Heart Block; Histamine; Hypersensitivity

Topics: Anaphylaxis; Egg White; Formaldehyde; Guinea Pigs; Hot Temperature; Ovalbumin; Ovum

Topics: Anaphylaxis; Egg White; Female; Guinea Pigs; Humans; Hypersensitivity; Oils; Plants, Medicinal; Uterus

Topics: Anaphylaxis; Animals; Arteries; Egg White; Humans; Hypersensitivity; Mesenteric Arteries; Portal System; Rabbits

Topics: Anaphylaxis; Animals; Egg White; Hypersensitivity; Immune System Diseases; Rats

Topics: Allergens; Anaphylaxis; Egg White; Flax; Hypersensitivity; Ricinus communis