dorzolamide-timolol-combination and Macular-Degeneration

The purpose of this study was to evaluate intraocular pressure increase after intravitreal injections (IVIs) and the effect of prophylactic pressure-lowering medications.. A prospective study of 210 anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) IVI (0.05 mL of bevacizumab or ranibizumab), that were divided into five groups, group 1: no intraocular pressure (IOP)-lowering medication (n=50); group 2: apraclonidine 1 % one drop 2 hours prior to IVI (n=50); group 3: acetazolamide 250 mg 2 hours prior (n=50); group 4: fixed combination brimonidine+timolol (n=30); group 5: fixed combination dorzolamide+timolol (n=30). IOP was measured before, immediately after (T1), 15 min after (T15) and 45 min after (T45) the IVI using a Perkins tonometer.. The mean IOP peak in group 1 was 46.4 ± 4.8 mmHg at T1, 21.7 ± 5.7 mmHg at T15 and 15.4 ± 4.3 mmHg at T45. Apraclonidine 1 % and the fixed combinations produced a significant reduction of IOP at every time point, of around 9 mmHg at T1. The reduction in IOP obtained with acetazolamide was not significant versus group 1 at T1 (-1.6 mmHg, P=0.12), but became significant at T15 and T45 (respectively, P=0.011 and P=0.015).. IOP spikes are high but transient following IVI. Acetazolamide proved to be ineffective in preventing this spike. Topical medications, however, produced a significant reduction in IOP spike as well as in the duration of the increased pressure, with no significant difference between fixed combinations and 1 % apraclonidine at T1. It would seem advisable to prevent this IOP spike in the case of repeated injections, particularly in patients with glaucoma.

Topics: Acetazolamide; Aged; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; Antihypertensive Agents; Bevacizumab; Brimonidine Tartrate; Chemoprevention; Clonidine; Drug Combinations; Female; Humans; Hypotonic Solutions; Intraocular Pressure; Intravitreal Injections; Macular Degeneration; Male; Ocular Hypertension; Quinoxalines; Sulfonamides; Thiophenes; Timolol; Tonometry, Ocular; Treatment Outcome

To evaluate the efficacy of adjuvant topical dorzolamide-timolol in patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration unresponsive to anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapy.. This retrospective, interventional study included 15 patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration refractory to anti-vascular endothelial growth factor. Patients used topical dorzolamide-timolol twice daily in the neovascular age-related macular degeneration eye and received anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapy at each visit, with the same fixed interval and agent as before the addition of dorzolamide-timolol. Central macular thickness, maximal subretinal fluid height, and maximal pigment epithelial detachment height were measured at baseline and every visit.. The mean follow-up period was 17.2 ± 5.5 weeks. The mean central macular thickness decreased from 383.5 μm at baseline to 298.3 μm at the final visit (P = 0.041). The mean maximal subretinal fluid height decreased from 105.0 μm at baseline to 58.3 μm at the final visit (P = 0.021). Complete resolution of subretinal fluid was observed in 3 of 11 subretinal fluid-type eyes. There was no significant change in the maximal pigment epithelial detachment height. The mean logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution visual acuity decreased from 0.61 (20/81 Snellen) at baseline to 0.66 (20/91 Snellen) at final visit, which was not significant (P = 0.314). The mean intraocular pressure decreased significantly from 14.9 mmHg at baseline to 12.3 mmHg at the final visit (P = 0.005).. The use of adjuvant topical dorzolamide-timolol was effective in decreasing central macular thickness and subretinal fluid in patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration refractory to continual fixed-interval intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapy, but did not result in functional improvement in this short-term study.

Topics: Administration, Topical; Aged; Angiogenesis Inhibitors; Bevacizumab; Drug Combinations; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Intravitreal Injections; Macula Lutea; Macular Degeneration; Male; Ophthalmic Solutions; Ranibizumab; Retrospective Studies; Sulfonamides; Thiophenes; Timolol; Tomography, Optical Coherence; Treatment Outcome; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; Visual Acuity; Wet Macular Degeneration

There is a subset of eyes with neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD) that have persistent exudation despite fixed-interval intravitreous anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) injections.. To evaluate the effect of topical dorzolamide hydrochloride-timolol maleate on anatomic and functional outcomes in eyes with neovascular AMD and incomplete response to anti-VEGF therapy.. An exploratory, prospective single-arm interventional study at a tertiary referral academic private practice. Patients with neovascular AMD and persistent macular edema despite fixed-interval intravitreous anti-VEGF therapy were enrolled. Baseline spectral-domain optical coherence tomography and clinical data, including visual acuity and intraocular pressure, were obtained at enrollment and from one visit before enrollment. The study was performed at the Retina Service of Wills Eye Hospital and the offices of Mid Atlantic Retina from February 1, 2015, through September 30, 2015. Patients were followed up for at least 2 visits after enrollment. Central subfield thickness, maximum subretinal fluid height, and maximum pigment epithelial detachment height from spectral-domain optical coherence tomography were recorded at each visit.. Enrolled eyes received a regimen of topical dorzolamide-timolol twice daily and continued to receive the same intravitreous anti-VEGF therapy at the same interval as received before enrollment for the duration of the study.. Change in central subfield thickness was the primary outcome measure. Changes in maximum subretinal fluid height, maximum pigment epithelial detachment height, and visual acuity were the secondary outcome measures.. Ten patients (10 eyes) completed the study. The mean age of the patients was 78.2 years (age range, 65-91 years), and 6 were male. Eight eyes received intravitreous aflibercept, and 2 eyes received intravitreous ranibizumab. All study eyes had been receiving long-term anti-VEGF therapy with the same medication before study enrollment for a mean of 21.9 injections. The mean central subfield thickness decreased from 419.7 μm at enrollment to 334.1 μm at the final visit (P = .01). The mean maximum subretinal fluid height decreased from 126.6 μm at enrollment to 49.5 μm at the final visit (P = .02). The mean maximum pigment epithelial detachment height decreased from 277.4 μm at enrollment to 239.9 μm at the final visit (P = .12). The mean logMAR visual acuity were 0.54 at enrollment and 0.48 at the final visit (P = .60).. These data suggest that topical dorzolamide-timolol may reduce central subfield thickness and subretinal fluid in eyes with persistent exudation despite consistent, fixed-interval intravitreous anti-VEGF treatment for neovascular AMD.

Topics: Administration, Topical; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Cohort Studies; Drug Combinations; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Intravitreal Injections; Macular Degeneration; Male; Prospective Studies; Ranibizumab; Receptors, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor; Recombinant Fusion Proteins; Risk Assessment; Severity of Illness Index; Sulfonamides; Thiophenes; Timolol; Treatment Outcome; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A