dinoprost and Placenta-Diseases

Advanced maternal age (AMA) has been associated with negative pregnancy outcomes. Oxidative stress (OS) and defective placental dysfunction are contributing factors. This study determined the association between AMA and adverse pregnancy outcomes, OS biomarkers and angiogenic growth mediators (AGMs) in normal pregnancies.. This prospective cohort study conducted at the Obstetrics and Gynaecology (O&G) Department of the Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital (KATH) finally included 175 normal pregnant women comprising, 58 AMA (35-45 years), 55 (30-34 years) and 62 optimal childbearing age (20-29 years). Venous blood samples were collected at 28-32 weeks for soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 (sFlt-1), placental growth factor (PIGF), 8-epiprostaglandinF2-α (8-epi-PGF2α) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) assays.. Pregnancies of AMA had a significantly higher levels of sFlt-1, 8-epi-PGF2α and 8-epi-PGF2α: PIGF ratio but a reduced level of PIGF, TAC and PIGF: sFlt-1 ratio compared to 20-29 years (p<0.0001). A significant negative correlation between AMA and PIGF (r = -0.294; p = 0.038); TAC (r = -0.215; p = 0.001) and PIGF: sFlt-1 ratio (r = -0.457; p<0.0001) and a positive correlation with sFlt-1 (r = 0.269; p = 0.017), 8-epiPGF2α (r = 0.277; p = 0.029) and 8-epi-PGF2: PIGF ratio (r = 0.461; p<0.0001) levels were observed. The adjusted odds ratio (aOR), and 95% confidence interval, and p value for the significant independent adverse outcomes associated with AMA were emergency caesarean section [21.7 (5.9-121.3), p<00001], elective caesarean section [2.7(0.9-5.8), p = 0.0105], stillbirth [12.6(1.4-82.1), p<0.0001], post-partum haemorrhage [4.3(1.1-18.5), p = 0.0094], preterm delivery [8.2(3.5-28.4), p<0.0001], low birth weight babies [9.7(2.8-29.3), p<0.0001], birth asphyxia [3.8(1.6-12.7), p = 0.0054], Apgar score ≤ 7 after 5 min for babies [10.1(4.7-23.2), p<0.0001], placental abruption [3.5(1.3-8.4), p = 0.0117] and intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) [4.6(2.3-12.9), p = 0.0001].. AMA pregnancies correlate with adverse pregnancy outcomes and imbalance in OS biomarkers and AGMs. It is incumbent on health care givers to provide effective antenatal care among AMA mothers as early identification of these imbalance and treatment can prevent adverse pregnancy outcomes.

Topics: Adult; Antioxidants; Biomarkers; Dinoprost; Female; Ghana; Humans; Maternal Age; Membrane Proteins; Middle Aged; Oxidative Stress; Placenta Diseases; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Outcome; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-1

Ascending placentitis results in premature birth and high foal mortality. By understanding how placentitis induces premature delivery, it may be possible to develop diagnostic markers and to delay premature delivery pharmacologically, thereby decreasing perinatal foal mortality.. To identify relationships between bacterial infection, inflammation and premature parturition in mares with experimentally induced placentitis.. Experiment 1: Concentrations of allantoic fluid prostaglandins (PGs) F2alpha and E2 were measured in 8 mares after intracervical inoculation with Streptococcus equi ssp. zooepidemicus (at Days 285-291 of gestation) until parturition and compared with controls (n = 4). Experiment 2: mRNA expression of interleukin (IL)-1beta, IL-6, tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha and IL-8 in the chorioallantois from inoculated mares in Experiment 1 were compared with 7 mares that foaled normally.. Bacterial inoculation resulted in 7 aborted fetuses and birth of one premature, viable foal. Infection was associated with inflammation of the chorioallantois in the region of the cervical star, isolation of bacteria and high concentrations of PGE2 and PGF2alpha in allantoic fluid obtained within 48 h of delivery (P = 0.04). Chorioallantois from all mares expressed mRNA for IL-8, TNF-alpha, IL-6 and IL-1beta. Experimentally infected mares expressed more mRNA for IL-6 (P = 0.003) and IL-8 (P = 0.009) in the cervical star region and more mRNA for IL-6 (P = 0.004) in tissues from placental horns than control mares.. Bacterial placentitis may result in liberation of cytokines from the chorioallantois and prostaglandin formation leading to abortion or birth of a precociously mature foal.

Topics: Abortion, Veterinary; Animals; Bacterial Infections; Cytokines; Dinoprost; Dinoprostone; Female; Gene Expression Regulation; Horse Diseases; Horses; Inflammation; Placenta; Placenta Diseases; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious; Premature Birth; RNA, Messenger

Questionnaires regarding the use of prostaglandin F2 alpha and its analogues (hereafter referred to as PG) were sent to 332 Alabama beef cattle owners and to 279 Alabama dairy cattle owners after attempting to contact them by telephone to request their participation in the survey. Questionnaires concerning the use of PG in their clients' herds were likewise sent to 147 food animal and mixed animal practitioners in Alabama after attempting telephone contact. Response among beef cattle owners, dairy cattle owners, and veterinarians to whom questionnaires were mailed was 64.5, 61.6, and 75.5%, respectively. Only 7.4% (13 of 175) of respondent beef cattle owners reported use of PG in their herds, and this use was predominantly for artificial insemination and embryo transfer. In contrast, 66.5% (109 of 164) of respondent dairy cattle owners reported use of PG, generally with satisfactory results, for some of the following conditions: unobserved estrus (n = 77), uterine infections (n = 74), retained placenta (n = 65), cystic ovaries (n = 56), estrus synchronization (n = 45), and induction of parturition (n = 13). Although 94.9% of respondent veterinarians treated cattle with PG, those attending beef herds thought that more important strategies were available for improvement of beef cattle productivity than increased use of PG. Among these strategies were shorter calving seasons, improved nutrition, better record keeping, more frequent herd health visits, improved animal identification, and increased use of bull breeding soundness examinations.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Topics: Agriculture; Alabama; Animals; Breeding; Cattle; Dairying; Dinoprost; Drug Utilization; Embryo Transfer; Estrus Synchronization; Female; Insemination, Artificial; Labor, Induced; Male; Ovarian Cysts; Placenta Diseases; Pregnancy; Surveys and Questionnaires; Uterine Diseases; Veterinary Medicine

The metabolism of arachidonic acid (AA) by caruncular and allantochorionic tissues and its regulation was studied in normal cows (n = 13) and those with retained fetal membranes (RFM; n = 9). Tissues were taken via the vagina about 6 hours postpartum and incubated for 6 hours in minimum essential medium containing tritiated AA alone or in the presence of oxytocin, platelet activating factor (PAF), epidermal growth factor (EGF) or ionophore calcium (A23187). The metabolites of AA were separated by reverse phase-high pressure-liquid chromatography. Tissue concentrations of prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and plasma 13,14-dihydro-15-keto-PGF2 alpha (PGFM) concentration were also measured by radioimmunoassay. For caruncular tissue, less thromboxane B2 (TXB2) and more 6-keto prostaglandin F1 alpha (PGIM) was synthesized in tissue from the animals with RFM than in the controls. Oxytocin, PAF, EGF and A23187 increased only PGIM production in the control animals; A23187 also decreased TBX2 synthesis. For the allantochorion, more PGE2, leukotriene B4 (LTB4) and PGIM and less TXB2, PGF2 alpha and hydroxyecosatetranoic acids (HETE) was synthesized in tissue from cows with RFM than from animals that delivered normally. All of the substances used in this study increased PGIM, PGF2 alpha and LTB4 and decreased TXB2 production by the allantochorionic tissue in control animals. The metabolism of AA by the allantochorionic tissue seems quantitatively under hormonal control. The metabolism of AA at the level of both maternal and fetal components of the placenta in cows with RFM differed from that seen in animals that expelled the membranes normally.

Topics: 6-Ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha; Allantois; Animals; Arachidonic Acid; Calcium; Cattle; Chorion; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Dinoprost; Dinoprostone; Epidermal Growth Factor; Female; Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic Acids; Leukotriene B4; Oxytocin; Placenta; Placenta Diseases; Platelet Activating Factor; Pregnancy; Thromboxane B2