dinoprost and Migraine-Disorders

Pro-inflammatory mediators are thought to play both peripheral and central roles in migraine pathophysiology. Prostaglandins and leukotrienes, known as the eicosanoids, are degradation products of arachidonic acid and constitute signalization components of inflammatory pathways. This study was designed to assess concentrations of leukotriene E4 (LT-E4) and prostaglandin F2a (PG-F2a) in children with migraine.. This study involved patients aged ≤18 years who presented to the Ondokuz Mayis University Children's Hospital with migrainous headache between January and October 2011. Urinary LT-E4 and PG-F2a concentrations were measured in patients during a headache episode and at a headache-free time and in a control group.. The patient group consisted of 38 girls and 26 boys aged 5-18 years diagnosed with migraine and having at least 6 months of headache, whereas the control group consisted of 21 girls and 29 boys. Mean ± standard deviation (SD) urinary LT-E4 concentrations were significantly higher in patients during a migraine episode than in controls (1466.8±1052.5 pg/ml vs 811.6±460.0 pg/ml, P<0.001). In patients with migraine, both urinary LT-E4 (P<0.001) and PG-F2a (P=0.021) levels were significantly higher during headache than during non-headache periods.. Urinary LT-E4 and PG-F2a were both significantly higher in children with migraine during headache than during non-headache periods. The elevation in the levels of these inflammatory mediators was compatible with the hypothesis relating neuroinflammation in trigeminal vascular blood vessels with migraine pathophysiology. Leukotriene antagonists may be effective in the prophylaxis of migraine attacks.

Topics: Adolescent; Child; Child, Preschool; Dinoprost; Female; Humans; Leukotriene E4; Male; Migraine Disorders

The pathophysiology theory of migraine postulates a local, neurogenic inflammation and the possible involvement of oxidative stress. We analysed the levels of 15-oxo-dihydro-prostaglandin F(2alpha) (a metabolite of prostaglandin F(2alpha)) and 8-iso-prostaglandin F(2alpha) (a major isoprostane), which are biomarkers for inflammation and oxidative stress respectively, in urine from 21 patients with migraine, with and without aura. Urine samples from migraine patients were collected during a migraine attack, and control samples were collected from the same subjects on a migraine-free morning. The mean basal levels of 15-oxo-dihydro-prostaglandin F(2alpha) and 8-iso-prostaglandin F(2alpha) in the morning control urine samples were 0.54+/-0.11 and 0.31+/-0.13 nmol/mmol of creatinine respectively. The mean levels of 15-oxo-dihydro-prostaglandin F(2alpha) and 8-iso-prostaglandin F(2alpha) in the urine samples collected during the migraine attack in the 21 patients were 0.53+/-0.13 and 0.32+/-0.11 nmol/mmol of creatinine respectively. Thus there were no differences in the 15-oxo-dihydro-prostaglandin F(2alpha) and 8-iso-prostaglandin F(2alpha) excretion rates during the migraine attack compared with on the migraine-free day. However, the basal 8-iso-prostaglandin F(2alpha) excretion levels on the migraine-free day were significantly lower in pre-menopausal women (0.24+/-0.08 nmol/mmol of creatinine, n=11) compared with post-menopausal women (0.39+/-0.14 nmol/mmol of creatinine; n=7; P=0.009). In conclusion, in this study we found no support for the involvement of inflammation and oxidative stress in migraine pathophysiology. Our results indicate, however, a lower level of oxidative stress in pre-menopausal compared with post-menopausal women.

Topics: Adult; Case-Control Studies; Colorimetry; Creatinine; Dinoprost; F2-Isoprostanes; Female; Humans; Isoprostanes; Male; Menopause; Middle Aged; Migraine Disorders; Oxidative Stress; Prostaglandins F; Statistics, Nonparametric

1. The purpose of this study was to investigate the mechanism of nicotine-evoked relaxation of the guinea-pig isolated basilar artery and to study the effects of drugs associated with the aetiology or treatment of migraine on the nicotine response. 2. The guinea-pig isolated basilar artery, pre-contracted with prostaglandin F2alpha (PGF2alpha), in the presence of atropine (3 microM) and guanethidine (3 microM), relaxed on addition of nicotine (0.1 mM) in approximately 50% of preparations. The responses to nicotine were of short duration and blocked in preparations pre-treated for 10 min with capsaicin (1 microM) and are therefore probably a consequence of the stimulation of trigeminal C fibre terminals. 3. Responses to nicotine were reduced in the presence of 5-carboxamidotryptamine, 5-hydroxytryptamine and sumatriptan in that order of potency. This is consistent with a 5-HT1 receptor mechanism. These agonists evoked small additional contractions in vessels pre-contracted with PGF2alpha. 4. Indomethacin (0.3-10 microM), aspirin (10-30 microM), and nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME, 0.1 mM) reduced nicotine-evoked relaxation of the basilar artery, suggesting the involvement of both nitric oxide and cyclo-oxygenase products in this response. 5. Progesterone (1 microM) markedly reduced the response to nicotine, a possible reflection of the ion channel blocking activity of high concentrations of this compound. 6. The guinea-pig basilar artery is a preparation in which the effects of drugs on responses to stimulation of trigeminal nerve terminals can be studied in vitro and may thus be of interest in assessing the actions of drugs used in treatment of headache.

Topics: Analgesics; Animals; Aspirin; Basilar Artery; Capsaicin; Dinoprost; Guinea Pigs; In Vitro Techniques; Indomethacin; Male; Migraine Disorders; NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester; Nicotine; Progesterone; Substance P; Sumatriptan; Vasodilation

Topics: Child; Child, Preschool; Dinoprost; Humans; Migraine Disorders; Prostaglandins F