dinoprost and Hyperpigmentation

Prostaglandin F2α analogs, commonly prescribed for glaucoma treatment, have been shown to induce side effects such as cutaneous hypertrichosis and hyperpigmentation. Therefore, these medications have theoretic applications in the treatment of alopecia and disorders of hypopigmentation. We reviewed the literature to find original studies assessing the use of prostaglandin F2α analogs in these settings. Studies and reports were analyzed in regards to androgenic alopecia, alopecia areata, chemotherapy-induced alopecia, vitiligo, and hypopigmented scarring. Based on the results of these studies, and consideration of pathophysiologic mechanism, the most promising applications for prostaglandin F2α analogs include androgenic alopecia, chemotherapy-induced alopecia, and alopecia areata concurrently treated with corticosteroids.

Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Alopecia; Amides; Animals; Bimatoprost; Cloprostenol; Dinoprost; Disease Models, Animal; Double-Blind Method; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; Eyelashes; Glaucoma; Hair Follicle; Humans; Hyperpigmentation; Hypertrichosis; Hypopigmentation; Melanins; Mice; Prostaglandins F, Synthetic; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Retrospective Studies; Single-Blind Method

To assess whether iris color and eyelash changes occur with the use of unoprostone for 2 years.. The 2 clinical trials described herein were prospective, randomized, double-masked, active-controlled, parallel group, multicenter studies.. A total of 1131 patients with primary open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension participated in 2 clinical trials and received either unoprostone isopropyl 0.15% (659), timolol maleate 0.5% (331), or betaxolol hydrochloride 0.5% (141), 1 drop per eye twice daily for up to 24 months.. Color photographs (1:1 magnification) were taken of the iris and eyelid of each patient at baseline and at regular intervals thereafter through month 24 using a standardized camera system. Photography included 7 views of each eye plus a calibration photograph and a patient identification photograph, for a total of 16 photographs per patient per visit. Two independent (masked) readers subjectively compared baseline iris colors to subsequent visits. Side view photographs of the upper and lower eyelashes were used for the eyelash length analysis, with each having sufficient depth of field and a sufficient number of eyelashes in focus. Similarly, frontal eyelash views were used for the eyelash density analysis.. Changes from baseline in iris color and eyelash length and density within and between treatment groups.. Seven cases of iris color change (1.06%) were confirmed in patients treated with unoprostone for up to 24 months; no confirmed cases were reported in the timolol or betaxolol groups. In the unoprostone group, cases of iris color change were confirmed at months 12 (1 case), 18 (2 cases), and 24 (4 cases). No clinically relevant differences were observed among treatment groups for changes from baseline in eyelash length or density.. Although iris hyperpigmentation and abnormal eyelash changes may occur after treatment with unoprostone, the incidence of these events appears to be low in the 2-year clinical study.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Antihypertensive Agents; Betaxolol; Dinoprost; Double-Blind Method; Eye Color; Eyelashes; Female; Glaucoma, Open-Angle; Hair Color; Humans; Hyperpigmentation; Incidence; Intraocular Pressure; Iris; Male; Middle Aged; Ocular Hypertension; Ophthalmic Solutions; Photography; Timolol