dinoprost and Endometriosis

Topics: Anovulation; Arachidonic Acid; Dinoprost; Dysmenorrhea; Endometriosis; Female; Humans; Intrauterine Devices; Menorrhagia; Menstruation Disturbances; Premenstrual Syndrome; Prostaglandin Antagonists; Prostaglandins; Uterine Contraction

After a lag between the recognition of the biologic activity of material derived from seminal vesicles and the actual isolation and identification of prostaglandins, information on the structure, biosynthesis, physiology, and biomedical relevance of this family of substances has expanded explosively in recent years. Their ubiquitous presence in mammalian tissues has contributed to the intense interest in and investigation of their role in normal physiology and a variety of pathologic states. The availability of pure compounds of known chemistry, as well as of numerous agents that interfere with their production or metabolism, continues to allow unravelling of their regulatory influences, mechanism of action, and participation in disease processes. Understanding of the role of prostaglandins in reproductive physiology has led to widespread and effective applications in clinical obstetrics and gynecology, including menstrual disorders, therapeutic abortion, and labor. Their implication in the pathogenesis of toxemia of pregnancy, coupled with expanding information on the general role of prostaglandins in the regulation of hemostasis, has advanced understanding of hemorrhagic and thromboembolic disorders and opened innovative avenues for potential therapeutic intervention.

Topics: Abortion, Induced; Dinoprost; Endometriosis; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Labor, Induced; Labor, Obstetric; Menstruation; Pre-Eclampsia; Pregnancy; Prostaglandins; Prostaglandins F; Reproduction; Uterine Contraction

To examine the effects of atosiban, given before transfer of frozen-thawed embryo to women with endometriosis (EMs).. A randomized, controlled clinical trial.. University hospital and IVF center.. One hundred twenty women with endometriosis undergoing frozen-thawed embryo transfer were randomly allocated into the atosiban treatment and the control groups. Another 120 women with infertility due to tubal factor were enrolled into a tubal factor group, to compare serum oxytocin (OT) and prostaglandin (PG)F2α levels and uterine contractions with the endometriosis group.. In the endometriosis treatment group, a single bolus (6.75 mg, 0.9 mL per vial) of atosiban was administrated before ET.. Implantation rate and pregnancy rate.. Serum OT level (1.89 ± 0.33 vs. 1.66 ± 0.32 ng/L), PGF2α (2.83 ± 0.34 vs. 2.36 ± 0.35 ng/L) level, and uterine contractions (2.5 ± 1.2 vs. 1.8 ± 1.0 waves per minute) in the endometriosis group were all significantly higher than in the tubal factor group. The clinical pregnancy rate per cycle and implantation rate per transfer were 58.3% and 41.0%, respectively, in the atosiban treatment group, significantly higher than in the control group (38.3% and 23.4%, respectively).. Women with endometriosis showed higher serum OT level, PGF2α level, and uterine contractions. Atosiban treatment before ET in endometriosis is effective in the priming of the uterus, suitable for embryo implantation. This is the first study to evaluate the effect of atosiban treatment in patients with endometriosis.. ChiCTR-IOQ-14005715.

Topics: Adult; Biomarkers; China; Cryopreservation; Dinoprost; Drug Administration Schedule; Embryo Implantation; Embryo Transfer; Endometriosis; Female; Fertility; Fertilization in Vitro; Hormone Antagonists; Hospitals, University; Humans; Infertility, Female; Middle Aged; Oxytocin; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Rate; Prospective Studies; Time Factors; Treatment Outcome; Uterine Contraction; Vasotocin; Young Adult

We investigated the activities and relevance of a validated panel of antioxidant enzymes, cytokines, specific lipid peroxidation end products and six fatty acids by correlational analyses with peak E(2) levels and pregnancy outcome after ovarian stimulation for IVF or IUI.. Blood samples obtained from 15 patients undergoing ovarian stimulation with rFSH or hMG were divided into two groups. Group-1 was baseline blood collected on day-2-3 of women cycle. Group-2 is blood collected at the end of FSH/hMG injection. Serum was collected and stored in liquid nitrogen at -196 °C until analysis. Standard IVF and IUI procedures were followed. The serum levels of Paraoxonase (PON1), Superoxide Dismutases (SOD), Interleukin-6 (IL-6), Glutathione Peroxidase (GPx), 8-Isoprostane, and fatty acids Arachidic, Palmitic, Stearic, Oleic, Linoleic & Linolenic were measured.. With the exception of 8-Isoprostane, results showed a positive correlation between baseline and peak levels of E(2) and that of SOD, GPx, PON1, and IL-6. The PON1, IL-6 and SOD were significantly (p < 0.05) higher in pregnant than non-pregnant group. Fatty acid levels at baseline and peak E(2) were not different but pregnancy rates were found to be decreasing with higher palmitic, and stearic acid levels.. Ovarian stimulation causes a significant increase in serum PON1, SOD, GPx and IL-6 activity in women undergoing IVF or IUI. The high levels of IL-6, SOD, and PON1 and lower levels of palmitic, and stearic acids in the pregnancy positive group indicate that these oxidative stress and nutritional factors may be used as a predictive marker in controlled ovarian stimulation success.

Topics: Adult; Aryldialkylphosphatase; Biomarkers; Dinoprost; Endometriosis; Estradiol; Fatty Acids; Female; Fertilization in Vitro; Glutathione Peroxidase; Humans; Infertility, Female; Interleukin-6; Lipid Peroxidation; Ovulation Induction; Oxidative Stress; Polycystic Ovary Syndrome; Predictive Value of Tests; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Outcome; Pregnancy Rate; Prospective Studies; Sperm Injections, Intracytoplasmic; Superoxide Dismutase

48 cases of endometriosis were treated with the Neiyi (ectopic endometrium) No. 2 Pills [symbol: see text] 2 [symbol: see text]) composed of fresh Dahuang (Radix et Rhizoma Rhei), Biejia (Carapax Trionycis) and Taoren Shuang (powdered Semen Persicae). After 3 months of treatment, high effective rates were obtained in menorrhalgia, dyspareunia, proctalgia, hysteromyoma, ovary cyst, and tubercles in the pelvic cavity, with a pregnant rate of as high as 26.7% in sterility. Meanwhile, the levels of plasma PGF2 alpha and PGE2 markedly dropped, while that of 6-keto-PGF1 alpha, beta-EP, and HYP significantly elevated.

Topics: 6-Ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha; Adult; beta-Endorphin; Dinoprost; Dinoprostone; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Endometriosis; Female; Humans; Pelvis; Thromboxane B2

Previous data have indicated that prostaglandins (PG) play an important role in the ovulation process and significant quantities have been found in follicular fluid. The synthesis of PG is influenced by ovarian steroids as well as inflammatory processes. Increased PG has been shown in peritoneal fluid from women with endometriosis. The aim of this study was to see whether PGF2alpha concentration in follicular fluid varies according to the presence or absence of remaining endometriotic lesions in the pelvis of women with endometriosis. Follicular fluid was collected at visual puncture of the follicles at laparoscopy of 26 women with diagnosed endometriosis. Visible lesions were found in 10 women and in 16 women no lesions could be seen macroscopically. PGF2alpha was determined using radioimmunoassay. The results showed no significant difference in the concentrations of PGF2alpha between women with visible and not macroscopically visible endometriotic lesions and there was no significantly linear correlation with endometriotic lesions in the follicle punctured. These data are in accordance with clinical results showing that fertility rate does not increase in endometriotic women even if the lesions disappear after treatment.

Topics: Adult; Case-Control Studies; Dinoprost; Endometriosis; Epoprostenol; Female; Fertilization in Vitro; Follicular Fluid; Humans; Pilot Projects; Treatment Outcome

The relationship between prostaglandins (PGs) production and the mechanism of dysmenorrhea in endometriosis is poorly understood. Consequently, we investigated the role of PGs in dysmenorrhea of endometriosis. Slices of normal endometrium, normal myometrium, adenomyosis, leiomyoma, normal ovary and affected ovary were incubated. 6-keto PGF1 alpha (a metabolite of PGI2), TXB2 (a metabolite of TXA2), PGF2 alpha and PGE2 concentrations of the incubation medium were measured by RIA. The results are as follows; 1) PGs production in endometriosis was significantly higher than that of other tissues, especially 6-keto PGF1 alpha, which was a dominant product in adenomyosis. 2) There were significant differences in PGs production between severe dysmenorrhea and non dysmenorrhea, especially tissue of adenomyosis with severe dysmenorrhea which produces large amounts of 6-keto PGF1 alpha. 3) There seems to be interaction between normal endometrium and normal myometrium with regard to 6-keto PGF1 alpha production. We concluded that increased PGI2 in the tissue of endometriosis seems to induce hyperalgesia during menstruation.

Topics: 6-Ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha; Adult; Dinoprost; Dinoprostone; Dysmenorrhea; Endometriosis; Endometrium; Epoprostenol; Female; Humans; Hyperalgesia; Myometrium; Ovarian Diseases; Ovary; Prostaglandins; Thromboxane B2

Oxidative stress in the follicular fluid (FF) is thought to be responsible for the abnormal development of oocytes. In our study patients with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), endometriosis, and tubal infertility factor (TIF), and healthy women with a male factor of infertility, were prospectively enrolled. From each patient, a sample of individual FF was collected from a dominant follicle. Concentration levels of TAS, 8-IP, 8-OHdG, and AMH were determined. In women with PCOS, we found significantly lower values of oxidative stress markers in the FF. 8-IP and TAS levels were lower in the FF of women with endometriosis. In women with TIF, we also found significantly lower values of all tested markers in the FF, except for 8-OHdG and AMH. We wanted to see whether the biomarker measured in the FF in an individual diagnosis could predict a successfully obtained embryo from this particular follicle. The FF 8-OHdG result in PCOS patients stood out and proved to be a good predictive marker of matured and fertilized oocytes in these patients. Further research is needed to be able to apply the acquired knowledge in improving the outcome of IVF procedures.

Topics: 8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine; Adult; Anti-Mullerian Hormone; Biomarkers; Dinoprost; Endometriosis; Female; Follicular Fluid; Humans; Infertility, Female; Live Birth; Oxidative Stress; Polycystic Ovary Syndrome; Pregnancy; Statistics, Nonparametric

Chronic endometritis is a continuous inflammation of uterine endometrium. Recent research has shown that higher asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) levels contribute to endothelial dysfunction. In the present study, we tested whether there is a correlation between endometritis and ADMA in LPS-induced endometritis rat and the mechanisms involved. Thirty-six rats were divided into two groups: blank control group and rat model of endometritis group. The entire infused uterus were removed to observe the changes of histopathology, production of myeloperoxidase (MPO), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-6, 8-isoprostane, and reactive oxygen species (ROS), and gene expression of dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase 2 (DDAH2), protein-methyl transferase 1 (PRMT1), TNF-α, and IL-6. In endometritis rat group, characteristic histopathologic changes in uteri were observed. The uterine 8-isoprostane, ROS, MPO activity, IL-6 and TNF-α concentrations, PRMT1, IL-6, and TNF-α expressions were significantly elevated, and DDAH2 expression was notably reduced in endometritis group compared with control group. The present findings suggest that elevated levels of ADMA are associated with lower DDAH2 and higher PRMT1 in LPS-induced endometritis rat.

Topics: Amidohydrolases; Animals; Arginine; Dinoprost; Disease Models, Animal; Down-Regulation; Endometriosis; Female; Interleukin-6; Lipopolysaccharides; Peroxidase; Protein-Arginine N-Methyltransferases; Rats, Wistar; Reactive Oxygen Species; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; Up-Regulation; Uterus

Angiogenesis is required for ectopic endometrial tissue growth. Our previous studies showed that prostaglandin F. We sought to determine whether or not the F-prostanoid receptor modulates angiogenesis in ectopic stromal cells.. Release of angiogenic factors by ectopic endometrial stromal cell primary cultures stimulated with PGF. The study was conducted in an immunology laboratory at the Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (Québec City) medical research center.. Women found to have peritoneal endometriosis during laparoscopy were included in this study.. Prostaglandin E. PGF. These results show for the first time that PGF

Topics: Adult; Angiogenesis Inducing Agents; Cells, Cultured; Dinoprost; Endometriosis; Female; Humans; Peritoneal Diseases; Receptors, Prostaglandin; Signal Transduction; Stromal Cells; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A

Endometriosis is a frequent benign gynecological disease characterized by endometrial tissue outside the uterine cavity. The estimated prevalence in the general population is 6-10%, but this reaches 30-50% in women with infertility and/or pain. As ectopic tissue within the pelvic cavity provokes inflammation, endometriosis is also considered a chronic inflammatory disease, and is characterized by increased peritoneal fluid levels of prostaglandin (PG)E2 and PGF2α. The AKR1B1 and AKR1C3 enzymes act as PG synthases and catalyze reduction of PGH2 to PGF2α, and PGD2 to 9α,11β-PGF2α, respectively. AKR1B1 and AKR1C3 may thus be associated with increased PGF2α production in endometriosis patients, as supported by our previous report of increased AKR1C1-AKR1C3 mRNA levels in endometriotic tissue, compared to control endometrium. Here, we initially evaluated PGF2α concentrations in peritoneal fluid from endometriosis patients and healthy women. We also examined expression of AKR1B1, AKR1C3 and other genes involved in PGF2α biosynthesis, metabolism, and action in ovarian endometriosis tissue versus healthy endometrium, and in peritoneal endometriosis and control endometrium model cell lines. Compared to controls, increased PGF2α concentrations in peritoneal fluid of patients were supported by endometriotic tissue showing increased AKR1B1 mRNA and protein levels, but unchanged AKR1C3 protein levels. Among genes involved in PGF2α biosynthesis, metabolism and action PLA2G2A, PTGS2/COX-2, ABCC4 and PTGFR were up-regulated, mRNA levels of SLCO2A, PTGDS and HPGDS were unchanged, and genes PLA2G4A and HPGD were down-regulated in diseased tissue. All of these PGF2α-associated genes were also expressed in control endometrial HIEEC epithelial and HIESC stromal cell lines, and in peritoneal endometriosis 12-Z epithelial and 22-B stromal cell lines. Higher expression of PLA2G2A, PTGS2, AKR1B1, AKR1C3 and ABCC4 was seen in 22-B endometriosis cells compared to HIESC control cells. These cell models characterized in this study will enable further investigations into the role of PGF2α in the pathophysiology of endometriosis and the involvement of AKR1B1 and AKR1C3.

Topics: 3-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases; Adult; Aldehyde Reductase; Aldo-Keto Reductase Family 1 Member C3; Case-Control Studies; Cell Line; Dinoprost; Down-Regulation; Endometriosis; Endometrium; Epithelial Cells; Female; Humans; Hydroxyprostaglandin Dehydrogenases; Ovary; RNA, Messenger; Stromal Cells

Endometriosis is a disease characterized by the growth of endometrial tissue outside the uterus and is associated with chronic pelvic pain. Peritoneal fluid (PF) of women with endometriosis is a dynamic milieu and is rich in inflammatory markers, pain-inducing prostaglandins prostaglandin E2 and prostaglandin F2α, and lipid peroxides; and the endometriotic tissue is innervated with nociceptors. Our clinical study showed that the abundance of oxidatively modified lipoproteins in the PF of women with endometriosis and the ability of antioxidant supplementation to alleviate endometriosis-associated pain. We hypothesized that oxidatively modified lipoproteins present in the PF are the major source of nociceptive molecules that play a key role in endometriosis-associated pain. In this study, PF obtained from women with endometriosis or control women were used for (1) the detection of lipoprotein-derived oxidation-sensitive pain molecules, (2) the ability of such molecules to induce nociception, and (3) the ability of antioxidants to suppress this nociception. LC-MS/MS showed the generation of eicosanoids by oxidized-lipoproteins to be similar to that seen in the PF. Oxidatively modified lipoproteins induced hypothermia (intracerebroventricular) in CD-1 mice and nociception in the Hargreaves paw withdrawal latency assay in Sprague-Dawley rats. Antioxidants, vitamin E and N-acetylcysteine, and the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug indomethacin suppressed the pain-inducing ability of oxidatively modified lipoproteins. Treatment of human endometrial cells with oxidatively modified lipoproteins or PF from women with endometriosis showed upregulation of similar genes belonging to opioid and inflammatory pathways. Our finding that oxidatively modified lipoproteins can induce nociception has a broader impact not only on the treatment of endometriosis-associated pain but also on other diseases associated with chronic pain.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Analysis of Variance; Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Antioxidants; Ascitic Fluid; Body Temperature; Dinoprost; Dinoprostone; Endometriosis; Female; Humans; Indomethacin; Lipoproteins, LDL; Lipoxygenase; Mice; Middle Aged; Nociception; Pain Measurement; Pelvic Pain; Peroxides; Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Tandem Mass Spectrometry; Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances; Time Factors; Vitamin E; Young Adult

Selective activation or blockade of the prostaglandin (PG) F2α receptor (FP receptor) affects ectopic endometrial tissue growth and endometriosis development.. FP receptor antagonists might represent a promising approach for the treatment of peritoneal endometriosis.. Eutopic and ectopic endometrium from women with endometriosis exhibit higher expression of key enzymes involved in the PGF2α biosynthetic pathway. It has also been shown that the PGF2α-FP receptor interaction induces angiogenesis in human endometrial adenocarcinoma.. For this study, a mouse model of endometriosis was developed by inoculating human endometrial biopsies into the peritoneal cavity of nude mouse (n = 15). Mice were treated with AL8810 (FP receptor antagonist), Fluprostenol (FP receptor agonist) or PBS. Endometriosis-like lesions were collected and analysed for set of markers for angiogenesis, tissue remodelling, apoptosis, cell proliferation and capillary formation using qPCR and immunohistochemistry.. We found that selective inhibition of the FP receptor with a specific antagonist, AL8810, led to a significant decline in the number (P < 0.01) and size of endometriosis-like lesions (P < 0.001), down-regulated the expression of key mediators of tissue remodelling (MMP9, P < 0.05) and angiogenesis (VEGF, P < 0.01) and up-regulated the pro-apoptotic factor (Bax, P < 0.01) as compared with controls. Immunohistochemical analyses further showed a marked decrease in cell proliferation and capillary formation in endometrial implants from AL8810-treated mice, as determined by proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and von Willebrand factor (vWF) immunostaining, respectively. Moreover, Fluprostenol, a selective FP receptor agonist, showed the opposite effects.. We carried out this study in nude mice, which have low levels of endogenous estrogens which may affect the lesion growth. Caution is required when interpreting these results to women.. This study extends the role of PG signalling in endometriosis pathogenesis and points towards the possible relevance of selective FP receptor antagonism as a targeted treatment for endometriosis.. Not Applicable.. This work was supported by grant MOP-123259 to the late Dr Ali Akoum from the Canadian Institutes for Health Research. The authors have no conflict of interest.

Topics: Animals; Apoptosis; Dinoprost; Dinoprostone; Disease Models, Animal; Disease Progression; Endometriosis; Female; Humans; Luteolytic Agents; Mice; Mice, Nude; Prostaglandins F, Synthetic; Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays

Our research aimed to evaluate the effect of endometriosis on folliculogenesis and pregnancy, and to assess the involvement of inflammatory factors (IL1b, PGE2, PGF2α, and TGFβ2) in follicular fluid.. A total of 65 follicular fluid aspirates were collected. Concentrations of inflammatory factors (IL1b, PGE2, PGF2α, and TGFβ2) and steroid hormones (E2, progesterone, FSH, and LH) within follicular fluid as well as serum E2 and LH concentrations were measured. The mRNA expression of IL1b, Ptgs2, aromatase, and PPARγ in granulosa cells was determined. The outcome of ART was monitored and recorded.. The oocyte retrieval, rate of metaphase II oocyte, cleavage rate, effective embryo rate, and pregnancy rates of patients with endometriosis were all significantly lower than those of the control patients. In those with endometriosis, serum E2 concentrations were lower than those observed in controls. Aromatase levels in the granulosa cells of the endometriosis group were lower while concentrations of PGE2 in follicular fluid were higher than in the control group. Concentrations of PGE2, PGF2α, TGFβ2, and IL1b were significantly correlated with each other.. These results suggest that the outcomes of ART, in relation to serum E2 concentration, were adversely affected by the presence of endometriosis. Furthermore, the results supported that, among the endocrine and inflammatory factors, PGE2 within the follicular fluid impairs the number and quality of oocytes.

Topics: Adult; Aromatase; Cytokines; Dinoprost; Dinoprostone; Endometriosis; Estradiol; Female; Follicle Stimulating Hormone; Follicular Fluid; Granulosa Cells; Hormones; Humans; Infertility, Female; Interleukin-1beta; Luteinizing Hormone; Progesterone; Reproductive Techniques, Assisted; RNA, Messenger; Transforming Growth Factor beta2; Treatment Outcome

Is the occurrence of pelvic pain in women with ovarian endometrioma associated with coexisting peritoneal lesions (PLs)?. Pelvic pain in women with ovarian endometrioma is usually associated with coexisting PLs. An increased tissue inflammatory reaction with elevated prostaglandin (PG) production may be responsible for the generation of pain.. Severe pelvic pain in women with ovarian endometrioma is reported to be associated with deeply infiltrating endometriosis. However, information on pelvic pain in women with ovarian endometriosis with and without coexistent peritoneal superficial lesions is limited.. Retrospective clinical study with case-controlled biological research using prospectively collected tissue samples derived from women with and without endometriosis and their retrospective evaluation.. We performed a retrospective cohort study conducted in 2988 cases who had laparoscopic surgery for indications of ectopic pregnancy, tubal infertility and other benign gynecologic diseases. We analyzed the occurrence of pelvic pain in the cases with ovarian endometrioma according to the distribution of coexisting PLs and pattern of intrapelvic adhesions. Inflammatory reaction of eutopic and ectopic endometria was measured by immunoreaction to macrophage marker, CD68. The tissue expression of cyclooxygenase (COX) 2 was examined by immunohistochemistry and tissue concentrations of PG F2α were measured by ELISA.. Among the 2988 surgical cases, 350 (11.7%) were found to have ovarian endometrioma at laparoscopy. Coexisting PLs were present in 269 of these women and in this group 85.4% of cases experienced pelvic pain and 14.6% had no pain. In contrast, among the 81 women with ovarian endometrioma only, 38.3% cases experienced pelvic pain and 61.7% cases had no pain and the difference between the groups was statistically significant (P < 0.01). The infiltration of CD68-immunoreactive macrophages was significantly higher in the eutopic and ectopic endometria of women with peritoneal endometriosis than in ovarian endometrioma. The tissue expression of COX2 and levels of PGF2α were significantly higher in both the eutopic and ectopic endometria derived from women with peritoneal endometriosis than in similar tissues derived from women with ovarian endometrioma.. Lack of evaluation in the detection of general or disseminated deeply infiltrating endometriosis in the pelvic cavity could be a bias or limitation in this study. Further multicenter prospective studies are needed to strengthen our current findings.. Our findings may provide some new insights to understand the physiopathology of pelvic pain in women with ovarian cystic endometriosis and may hint at proper surgical manipulation to prevent the recurrence of pelvic pain in these women.. This work was supported by Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research from the Ministry of Education, Sports, Culture, Science and Technology of Japan. There is no conflict of interest related to this study.. Not applicable.

Topics: Adult; Case-Control Studies; Cohort Studies; Cyclooxygenase 2; Dinoprost; Endometriosis; Female; Humans; Incidence; Japan; Laparoscopy; Macrophages; Middle Aged; Ovarian Diseases; Pelvic Pain; Peritoneal Diseases; Prospective Studies; Retrospective Studies; Tissue Adhesions; Young Adult

To evaluate 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) and 8-isoprostane levels in the peritoneal fluid (PF) of women with endometriosis.. One hundred and ten women with laparoscopically and histopathologically confirmed endometriosis and, as reference groups, 119 patients with simple serous (n=78) and dermoid (n=41) ovarian cysts were studied. Peritoneal fluid 8-OHdG and 8-isoprostane concentrations were evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays.. 8-OHdG and 8-isoprostane levels in peritoneal fluid were significantly higher in patients with endometriosis compared with the reference groups. Higher PF 8-OHdG and 8-isoprostane concentrations were observed in patients with advanced stages of endometriosis. A statistically significant positive correlation was found between 8-OHdG and 8-isoprostane levels in peritoneal fluid.. Endometriosis induces greater oxidative stress and frequent DNA mutations in peritoneal fluid than nonendometriotic ovarian cysts. The most severe oxidative stress occurs in the peritoneal cavity of women with more advanced stages of the disease.

Topics: 8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine; Adolescent; Adult; Ascitic Fluid; Biomarkers; Cysts; Deoxyguanosine; Dermoid Cyst; Dinoprost; Endometriosis; Female; Humans; Middle Aged; Mutation; Ovarian Cysts; Ovarian Neoplasms; Oxidative Stress; Peritoneum; Severity of Illness Index; Up-Regulation; Young Adult

To investigate the involvement of 8-iso-PGF(2alpha) and 25-hydroxycholesterol (25-OH-Chol) in the pathophysiology of endometriosis.. Observational case-control study using enzyme immunoassay and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).. Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research.. Forty-five women undergoing laparoscopy (n = 25), laparotomy (n = 19), or tubal ligation (n =1).. Venipuncture and laparoscopic peritoneal fluid (PF) collection.. The levels of 8-iso-PGF(2alpha) were determined both in urine and PF of all the patients using enzyme immunoassay. The levels of 25-OH-Chol were determined by using reversed phase HPLC both in the plasma and PF samples. Oxidative damage to DNA was assessed by agarose gel electrophoresis.. Significantly increased levels of 8-iso-PGF(2alpha) were observed both in urine and PF of women with endometriosis compared with control women. Similarly, higher levels of 25-OH-Chol were observed both in plasma and PF of patients compared with controls and the difference was statistically significant. A clear-cut tailing pattern was observed in DNA of patients with endometriosis, indicating significant DNA damage.. Our observations implicate oxidative stress in the pathophysiology of endometriosis. For the first time, we demonstrate that 8-iso-PGF(2alpha) and oxysterols (the known promoters of steroidogenesis) might be the culprits in this disease.

Topics: Adult; Ascitic Fluid; Biomarkers; Case-Control Studies; Dinoprost; Endometriosis; Female; Humans; Hydroxycholesterols; Young Adult

The expression of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 is considered as a marker of macrophage activation and has been implicated in the development of endometriosis. Leptin is an immunomodulator, which may also affect the development of endometriosis. However, how leptin contributes to these pathological processes has not been completely understood. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of leptin on peritoneal macrophages and its relationship with endometriosis.. Peritoneal fluid from 60 women of reproductive age was obtained while they underwent laparoscopy. Forty patients had endometriosis and 20 patients did not have endometriosis. The concentration of leptin in the peritoneal fluid and prostaglandin F(2alpha) levels was measured by ELISA, and the other protein expression using Western blot when peritoneal macrophages were stimulated with leptin.. Concentration of leptin in peritoneal fluid was increased in patients with endometriosis compared with disease-free normal control. Functional leptin receptor was present in peritoneal macrophages. Treatment of peritoneal macrophages with leptin induced COX-2 expression. Production of prostaglandin F(2alpha) by peritoneal macrophages was increased after leptin stimulation in women with endometriosis.. Elevated concentration of leptin in peritoneal fluid may contribute to the pathological process of endometriosis through activation of peritoneal macrophages.

Topics: Adult; Ascitic Fluid; Cyclooxygenase 2; Dinoprost; Endometriosis; Female; Humans; Interleukin-1; Leptin; Macrophage-Activating Factors; Macrophages, Peritoneal; Receptors, Interleukin-1; STAT3 Transcription Factor; Taiwan

Little is known about the aetiology of endometriosis; however, in the presence of oxidative stress, reactive oxygen species might increase growth and adhesion of endometrial cells in the peritoneal cavity, leading to endometriosis and infertility. Within a study investigating persistent organic compounds and endometriosis, the authors evaluated the association between oxidative stress and endometriosis.. Women aged 18-40 years who were undergoing laparoscopy were contacted to participate in the study (n = 100); 84 were eligible and agreed to be interviewed; 78 provided blood specimens. Four markers of oxidative stress and antioxidant status were measured in serum for 61 women. Multiple imputation of missing data was used to generate values for the missing oxidative stress data.. Thirty-two women had visually confirmed endometriosis at laparoscopy while 52 did not, including 22 undergoing tubal ligation and 30 with idiopathic infertility. There was a weak association between thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (nmol/ml) and endometriosis, after adjusting for age, body mass index, current smoking, hormone use in the past 12 months, gravidity, serum vitamin E, serum estradiol, and total serum lipids (beta = 1.18; 95% CI-0.04, 2.39).. These results suggest that oxidative stress might play a role in the development and progression of endometriosis, which should be evaluated in larger studies.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Antioxidants; Aryldialkylphosphatase; Biomarkers; Dinoprost; Endometriosis; Female; Humans; Lipid Peroxidation; Oxidative Stress; Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances

To investigate the activity of different forms of endometriosis implants by clinical and biochemical evaluation.. Prospective, blinded study.. Tertiary-care university hospital.. Forty-seven infertile patients with minimal or mild endometriosis diagnosed at laparoscopy were included in the clinical investigation.. Patients were submitted to a preoperative evaluation of endometriosis-associated dysmenorrhea by means of a 10-point linear analog scale and to laparoscopic staging of endometriosis following a current classification system. In the biochemical investigation, tissue samples from different endometriosis lesions and control tissues were assessed for prostaglandin (PG) F(2 alpha) production.. Evaluation of the correlation between endometriosis-associated dysmenorrhea and the extent of the disease. Evaluation of the production of PGF(2 alpha) by the different tissues sampled.. No positive correlation was present between any of the implant subgroups and the associated dysmenorrhea. White peritoneal implants were associated with milder pain symptoms than black or red lesions. The biologic activity of red and black superficial implants, expressed as the production of PGF(2 alpha), was similar.. No positive correlation was demonstrated between endometriosis-associated dysmenorrhea and the current classification of endometriosis, which includes characterization of the different morphologic aspects of superficial endometriosis implants.

Topics: Adult; Dinoprost; Dysmenorrhea; Endometriosis; Female; Humans; Laparoscopy; Pelvic Pain; Preoperative Care; Prospective Studies

To test for differences in the amount and activity of peritoneal macrophages present in the peritoneal fluid of women with, and without endometriosis using prostaglandin release by macrophages in culture as a marker.. Women of reproductive age undergoing laparoscopy for infertility or chronic pelvic pain with postoperative diagnosis of endometriosis and women undergoing laparoscopy for sterilization.. Peritoneal fluid was aspirated during laparascopy, volume was recorded, macrophages were isolated via a Ficoll Paque gradient and kept in primary culture. PGE2 and PGF2 alpha release of the cells were measured before and after stimulation with zymosan.. Women with endometriosis had significantly more peritoneal macrophages than controls. Peritoneal macrophages of women with endometriosis released significantly more PGE2 than those of the control group: 8.4 +/- 2.0 versus 1.4 +/- 0.4 ng/ml/10(6) cells (mean +/- SEM, p = 0.0005) and PGF2 alpha: 10 +/- 4.3 (endometriosis) versus 1.8 +/- 0.4 (control) ng/ml/10(6) cells (mean +/- SEM, p = 0.045).. There is a significant increase in the amount of prostaglandins released by peritoneal macrophages from women with endometriosis. These prostaglandins might alter uterine and tubal contractility, thereby affecting fertility.

Topics: 6-Ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha; Adult; Ascitic Fluid; Dinoprost; Dinoprostone; Endometriosis; Extracellular Space; Female; Humans; Infertility; Macrophages, Peritoneal; Thromboxane B2

The study was carried out following the approval of our Hospital Ethics Committee and an informed patient consent. Samples of peritoneal fluid were collected from the Pouch of Douglas at laparoscopy from 32 subjects with minimal stage endometriosis (MSE) and 16 without any visible signs of endometriosis (normal group). All the subjects were in 20 to 23 day period of their menstrual cycle which was histologically confirmed. The endometriosis score was estimated according to the American Fertility Score, 1985 and the fluid samples were collected in tubes containing heparin/indomethacin and standing in ice. The samples were estimated for volume, erythrocyte count, prostaglandin(PG) F2 alpha, and PGE2. Radioimmunoassay techniques were used for the estimation of PGs. Prostaglandin F2 alpha, was measured in its parent form while PGE2 was converted into bicyclic-PGE2 before estimation. The results indicate that the peritoneal fluid in women with MSE has higher than normal levels of PGF2 alpha and lower than normal levels of PGE2 and its PGE2: PGF2 alpha ratio is also below normal. There is no difference in the volume of peritoneal fluid in the two groups. Provided the fluid sample is not contaminated with abdominal blood its erythrocyte count is not related to its prostaglandin content.

Topics: Adult; Animals; Ascitic Fluid; Cricetinae; Dinoprost; Dinoprostone; Endometriosis; Erythrocyte Count; Female; Humans; Luteal Phase; Pelvis

To investigate the utility of using oily contrast medium (Lipiodol; Kodama, Tokyo, Japan) to treat infertility because of mild endometriosis.. Macrophages in the peritoneal cavity of ICR mice (Japan SLC, Shizuoka, Japan) were induced by administering OK-432 to simulate the condition of the peritoneal cavity of patients with mild endometriosis, and the pregnancy rate was examined after administration of Lipiodol and/or danazol (Bonzol; Tokyo Tanabe, Tokyo, Japan). Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta), prostaglandin (PG)F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha), and PGE2 levels in the supernatant were measured after incubating macrophages of mice with Lipiodol and/or danazol.. Pregnancy rate (PR) and IL-1 beta, PGF2 alpha, and PGE2 levels.. The PR of the Lipiodol group was significantly increased compared with that in control mice. Prostaglandin F2 alpha level in the supernatant was significantly increased, whereas that of IL-1 beta was reduced after incubation with Lipiodol.. Lipiodol may elevate PGF2 alpha level and reduce IL-1 beta level in the peritoneal cavity, and this drug may increase the PR of ICR mice.

Topics: Animals; Cells, Cultured; Danazol; Dinoprost; Dinoprostone; Endometriosis; Female; Infertility, Female; Interleukin-1; Iodized Oil; Macrophages; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred ICR; Peritoneal Cavity; Picibanil; Pregnancy

The role of prostaglandins (PGs) in dysmenorrhea of endometriosis is poorly understood. The relationship between dysmenorrheic severity and prostaglandin production was investigated in endometriosis. Slices of normal myometrium, adenomyosis, normal ovary and endometrial cyst were incubated. 6-Keto-PGF1 alpha (a metabolite of PGI2), TXB2 (a metabolite of TXA2), PGF2 alpha, and PGE2 concentrations of the incubation medium were measured by RIA. The results showed that 6-keto-PGF1 alpha production in adenomyosis and endometrial cyst were significantly higher than those in normal myometrium and ovary. A direct relationship between the degree of dysmenorrheic severity and PGs production in tissue in endometriosis was observed.

Topics: 6-Ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha; Adult; Dinoprost; Dinoprostone; Dysmenorrhea; Endometriosis; Female; Humans; Middle Aged; Ovary; Prostaglandins; Thromboxane B2; Uterus

In order to investigate the production of eicosanoids in human endometrium, myometrium, leiomyoma, adenomyosis, normal ovary, non-endometrial cyst and endometrial cyst, slices of each tissue were incubated. 6-Keto-prostaglandin (PG) F1 alpha, thromboxane (TX) B2, PGF2 alpha and PGE2 concentrations in the incubation medium were measured by direct RIA. 6-Keto-PGF1 alpha production of adenomyosis was significantly higher than that of endometrium, myometrium and leiomyoma, especially in the menstrual phase. The production of eicosanoids in endometrial cyst was significantly higher than that of non-endometrial cyst and normal ovary. These results suggest that endometriosis is associated with increased eicosanoid production in vivo.

Topics: 6-Ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha; Adult; Cysts; Dinoprost; Dinoprostone; Eicosanoids; Endometriosis; Female; Humans; Leiomyoma; Middle Aged; Myometrium; Ovary; Thromboxane B2; Uterine Neoplasms

According to the method of differentiation of symptom complexes of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), endometriosis is a disease of blood stasis and mass in the lower portion of abdomen. 76 cases were treated by TCM prescription named endometriotic pill No 1 with rhubarb as the main ingredient. The chief functions of the rhubarb were removing blood stasis, disintegrating mass and purgation. The total effective rate was 80.26%. Among them, the effective rate of dysmenorrhea was 88.89%, that of pelvic pain was 66.72%, that of intercourse pain 72.12%, and diminishing in size of mass or nodule 22.15%; 3 cases of 22 infertility got pregnant (13.63%). The results revealed that the endometriotic pill No 1 yielded distinct improvement in the treatment of endometriosis, including clinical symptoms and signs, laboratory assay of blood rheology, serum Ig, subgroup of T lymphocyte (OKT system) and PG.

Topics: Adult; Blood Viscosity; Dinoprost; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Endometriosis; Female; Humans; Immunoglobulins; Pelvic Neoplasms; Plants, Medicinal; Rheum; T-Lymphocytes

Topics: Animals; Dinoprost; Disease Models, Animal; Endometriosis; Endometrium; Female; Luteal Phase; Macaca fascicularis; Menstruation; Pelvis; Pregnancy; Pregnancy, Animal; Prostaglandins E; Tissue Adhesions

As a means of assessing the effects of natural inhibition of cyclooxygenase enzymes on arachidonic acid metabolism in vivo, the authors supplemented the diet of 38 New Zealand white rabbits with fish oil containing eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid (EPA/DHA) or olive oil (control). Endometriosis was surgically induced 10 days later using a previously described experimental technique. Peritoneal fluid PGE2 and PGF2-alpha concentrations were significantly lower in the EPA/DHA group versus controls (P less than 0.05, P = 0.05, respectively). Total endometrial implant diameter 8 weeks after induction of endometriosis was significantly smaller in the experimental group (3.1 +/- 0.2 cm) compared with the controls (4.0 +/- 0.3 cm) (P less than 0.03). The authors conclude that dietary supplementation with fish oil, containing the n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids EPA and DHA, can decrease intraperitoneal PGE2 and PGF2-alpha production and retard endometriotic implant growth in this animal model of endometriosis.

Topics: Animals; Ascitic Fluid; Binding, Competitive; Dinoprost; Dinoprostone; Docosahexaenoic Acids; Eicosapentaenoic Acid; Endometriosis; Erythrocytes; Fatty Acids, Unsaturated; Female; Fish Oils; Prostaglandins E; Prostaglandins F; Rabbits

Topics: Adult; Dinoprost; Dysmenorrhea; Endometriosis; Female; Humans; Infertility, Female; Prostaglandins F

Topics: Adult; Complement C3; Dinoprost; Endometriosis; Female; Humans; Immunoglobulins; Infertility, Female; Prostaglandins F; Uterine Neoplasms

Topics: Dinoprost; Dinoprostone; Endometriosis; Female; Humans; Infertility, Female; Prostaglandins E; Prostaglandins F

Peritoneal fluid from 35 women with endometriosis and from 34 control women was aspirated at laparoscopy and analyzed. No differences in prostanoid levels were found. The peritoneal fluid volume, macrophage concentration, macrophage content, and content of activated macrophages as measured by acid phosphatase staining were all significantly elevated in the endometriosis patients. The macrophages were incubated and the medium was added to the zona-free hamster egg sperm penetration assay. This medium caused a significant decrease in the percentage of ova penetrated in this assay. It is postulated that one of the mechanisms of infertility in women with endometriosis may involve the increased number of activated macrophages and their ability to interfere with sperm-egg interaction.

Topics: 6-Ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha; Acid Phosphatase; Ascitic Fluid; Cell Count; Dinoprost; Endometriosis; Female; Humans; Ibuprofen; Infertility, Female; Laparoscopy; Macrophage Activation; Macrophages; Male; Menstrual Cycle; Prostaglandins E; Prostaglandins F; Radioimmunoassay; Sperm-Ovum Interactions; Thromboxane B2

Although the factors involved in the pathophysiology of endometriosis are probably multiple and interrelated, prostaglandins may play an important role in the infertility of women with mild disease. In the present study, prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha) and 17 beta-oestradiol were measured in the peritoneal fluid of a selected group of infertile women who had mild pelvic endometriosis (without anatomical distortion) and compared with those values in normal women who had no pelvic disease and in women with pelvic infection. Although there was a wide scatter of PGF2 alpha values, the mean (1,066 pg/ml) in the endometriosis group was significantly greater than that in the other 2 groups (542 pg/ml, normal and 688 pg/ml, pelvic infection); the increase was found in both phases of the menstrual cycle. The mean concentration of 17 beta oestradiol was markedly higher in the luteal than the follicular phase in all 3 groups; however, no significant differences were found between the groups. Interestingly, the mean value of PGF2 alpha and 17 beta-oestradiol was higher in women with endometriosis who failed to conceive than in those who became pregnant. An estimation of PGF2 alpha in the peritoneal fluid may have prognostic value in the evaluation of infertile patients, especially those with mild endometriosis or in whom the problem is unexplained.

Topics: Ascitic Fluid; Dinoprost; Endometriosis; Estradiol; Female; Follicular Phase; Humans; Infertility, Female; Luteal Phase; Pelvic Neoplasms; Pregnancy; Progesterone; Prognosis; Prostaglandins F

Elevated prostaglandin (PG) levels in peritoneal fluid have been implicated as playing a role in infertility associated with endometriosis. This study was designed to measure peritoneal fluid levels of PG and other hormones that may influence PG release. Specific hormones measured included PGF2 alpha, PGE2, TxB2, 6-keto-PGF1 alpha, estrogen, progesterone, and epidermal growth factor. Peritoneal fluid volume and levels of estrogen, progesterone, and epidermal growth factor were significantly (P less than .05) increased during the secretory, as opposed to the proliferative, phase in both groups of patients, but no significant differences in these parameters were found between patients with and without endometriosis during either the proliferative or secretory phases. Although PG levels did not vary during the menstrual cycle in either group of patients, all four prostanoids were present in significantly (P less than .05) higher concentrations in patients with endometriosis as compared with patients without endometriosis. Furthermore, increased PG levels in patients with endometriosis appear to be due primarily to an increase in PG levels during the secretory phase of the cycle.

Topics: 6-Ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha; Ascitic Fluid; Dinoprost; Dinoprostone; Endometriosis; Epidermal Growth Factor; Estrogens; Female; Humans; Infertility, Female; Menstrual Cycle; Pelvic Neoplasms; Progesterone; Prostaglandins; Prostaglandins E; Prostaglandins F; Radioimmunoassay; Thromboxane B2

Peritoneal fluid levels of 6-keto-PGF1 alpha, TxB2, PGE2 and PGF2 alpha were measured in 62 infertile women undergoing coelioscopy. In 10 patients with mild endometriosis, the levels of all prostanoids were significantly enhanced as compared to control group (15 infertile patients without pelvic lesion). In 5 patients with moderate endometriosis, only PGF2 alpha exhibited a significant enhancement. The results confirmed the prostanoid component alteration of peritoneal fluid in infertile women with mild or moderate endometriosis, which however not has been found by all authors. In 6 patients with chronic salpingitis, no difference was found in prostanoid levels as compared to control group. The 26 patients with pelvic adhesions were distributed in 3 groups on the criterion of easy lysed or not adhesions. In group I (not lysed adhesions, 7 patients), no difference was found in prostanoid levels as compared to control group. In group II (mixed adhesions, 13 patients), the levels of all prostanoids, particularly 6-keto-PGF1 alpha, were significantly higher than that found in control group. In group III (easy lysed adhesions, 6 patients), the levels of 6-keto-PGF1 alpha, TxB2 and particularly PGF2 alpha were significantly enhanced as compared to control group. The results of this study suggest that prostanoids are implicated in physiopathology of endometriosis and pelvic adhesions and perhaps in mechanism of the associated infertility.

Topics: 6-Ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha; Adult; Dinoprost; Dinoprostone; Endometriosis; Female; Humans; Infertility, Female; Pelvic Inflammatory Disease; Peritoneal Cavity; Prostaglandins; Prostaglandins E; Prostaglandins F; Salpingitis; Thromboxane B2

Thirty-nine patients with pelvic endometriosis and 45 patients with no evidence of endometriosis were entered in this study. The mean age was 29 years for each group. The volume of peritoneal fluid showed an increase towards the end of the cycle in both groups. Although the volume was higher in the endometriosis group than the control group, the difference between them was not significant. The concentration of prostaglandins F2 alpha and E2 was higher in patients with endometriosis than in the control group. The difference was significant (P less than 0.05) during days 9-16 and 17-24 for both prostaglandins, and during days 1-8 for prostaglandin F 2 alpha only. The high concentration of prostaglandins in the periovulatory and early luteal phases of the cycle may have adverse effects on tubo-ovarian function in endometriosis patients. Prostaglandin studies in peritoneal fluid are of significance during days 9-24 of the cycle when the effect of regurgitated menstrual fluid in the early phase of days 1-8 may be avoided.

Topics: Ascitic Fluid; Dinoprost; Dinoprostone; Endometriosis; Female; Humans; Infertility, Female; Pelvic Neoplasms; Prostaglandins E; Prostaglandins F

Peritoneal fluid from sterile women where the state of the pelvis is changed by endometriosis, inflammation, infection, and in certain cases where it appears normal laparoscopically, can immobilise spermatozoa in minutes or hours. This toxicity against male gametes could be an explanation of the mechanism for such sterility. The tubes and the ovaries are bathed in this liquid in the periovulatory phase when they are largest in size. If these first observations are confirmed fully many theoretical, practical and therapeutic implications must follow.

Topics: Amenorrhea; Body Fluids; Dinoprost; Endometriosis; Female; Humans; Immobilization; Infertility; Male; Pelvic Inflammatory Disease; Peritoneal Cavity; Prostaglandins E; Prostaglandins F; Sperm Motility; Sterilization, Reproductive

Cellular components in peritoneal fluid of infertile patients with and without endometriosis were evaluated in 102 patients with Wright's-Giemsa and Papanicolaou stains. The secretory activity of these cells was studied indirectly by assaying acid phosphatase, prostaglandin (PG) F2 alpha and PGE2 and complement components C3c and C4. The results showed that macrophages and lymphocytes were the dominant cells in peritoneal fluid of these patients. These cells were significantly increased in endometriosis patients, as compared with control subjects. In addition, peritoneal fluid acid phosphatase, PGF2 alpha and PGE2, and complement components C3c and C4 were significantly increased in patients with endometriosis. These cellular changes and their activation in peritoneal fluid may explain infertility associated with endometriosis.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adolescent; Adult; Ascitic Fluid; Complement C3; Complement C3c; Complement C4; Dinoprost; Dinoprostone; Endometriosis; Fallopian Tube Patency Tests; Female; Humans; Infertility, Female; Lymphocytes; Macrophages; Peritoneal Neoplasms; Prostaglandins E; Prostaglandins F; Staining and Labeling

To study the presence of prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha), prostacyclin (PGI2), and thromboxane A2 (TxA2) in the human ovary, follicular fluid samples were collected with puncture at laparoscopy in 17 women with pelvic endometriosis, 17 women with tubal occlusion and healthy ovaries, and 5 women with tubal occlusion and induced ovarian hyperstimulation between menstrual cycle days 8 and 18. The concentrations of the metabolites of PGF2 alpha, PGI2, and TxA2, i.e., 13,14-dihydro-15-keto PGF2 alpha (M-PGF2 alpha), 6-keto PGF1 alpha, and TxB2, respectively, were measured with radioimmunoassays. Each prostanoid was detected in follicular fluid, but their concentrations were unrelated to the menstrual cycle day at collection. Moreover, these concentrations were similar in various groups of patients. The data suggest that the human ovary produces PGF2 alpha, PGI2, and TxA2 in vivo and that these prostanoids, as measured from follicular fluid, may not be of primary significance in ovulation or endometriosis.

Topics: 6-Ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha; Adult; Dinoprost; Endometriosis; Epoprostenol; Female; Humans; Ovarian Follicle; Ovary; Ovulation Induction; Prostaglandins; Prostaglandins F; Thromboxane A2; Thromboxane B2

Peritoneal fluid obtained at laparoscopy from 49 women was measured for its content of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha), 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha (6-KF), and thromboxane B2 (TxB2) by specific radioimmunoassays. In normal women (n = 10), the concentrations of prostaglandins in peritoneal fluid were (mean +/- SE): PGE2 = 0.79 +/- 0.26, PGF2 alpha = 0.60 +/- 0.18, 6-KF = 0.48 +/- 0.19, and TxB2 = 0.23 +/- 0.09 ng/ml; in women with endometriosis (n = 16): PGE2 = 1.43 +/- 0.72, PGF2 alpha = 1.52 +/- 0.59, 6-KF = 3.32 +/- 0.71, and TxB2 = 1.14 +/- 0.69 ng/ml; in women with chronic pelvic inflammatory disease and/or obstructed tubes (n = 19): PGE2 = 1.94 +/- 1.04, PGF2 alpha = 1.20 +/- 0.61, 6-KF = 1.55 +/- 0.40, and TxB2 = 0.64 +/- 0.24 ng/ml; in women with pelvic pain without any visible pathologic condition (n = 4): PGE2 = 1.11 +/- 0.66, PGF2 alpha = 0.73 +/- 0.55, 6-KF = 1.35 +/- 0.35, and TxB2 = 0.39 +/- 0.17. The mean volumes of peritoneal fluid recovered were 10 to 16 ml and were not significantly different between the groups. Except for a significantly elevated concentration of 6-KF in the peritoneal fluid of women with endometriosis compared to normal women (p = less than 0.02), the prostaglandins measured did not differ significantly between the groups of women studied. The possible significance of elevated 6-KF in the peritoneal fluid of women with endometriosis is discussed.

Topics: 6-Ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha; Adolescent; Adult; Ascitic Fluid; Chronic Disease; Dinoprost; Dinoprostone; Endometriosis; Epoprostenol; Female; Humans; Pain; Pelvic Inflammatory Disease; Pelvis; Prostaglandins; Prostaglandins E; Prostaglandins F; Thromboxane A2

Topics: Adult; Dinoprost; Dinoprostone; Endometriosis; Endometrium; Female; Humans; Infertility, Female; Menstruation Disturbances; Middle Aged; Prostaglandins E; Prostaglandins F

To study the relationship between peritoneal fluid prostaglandins and infertility associated with endometriosis, we autografted endometrial or adipose tissue to the pelvic peritoneum in 21 monkeys. Peritoneal washings were collected prior to tissue transplantation and during a subsequent laparotomy performed for biopsy of the implants. Monkeys were mated and peritoneal washings were collected during three subsequent cycles. The content of prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha) in adipose tissue autografts was significantly less (p less than 0.05) than in endometrial tissue autografts. The PGF2 alpha concentration in peritoneal fluid increased significantly (p less than 0.05) only in monkeys that developed moderate or severe endometriosis. Prostaglandin E levels in tissue autografts or peritoneal fluid were similar in all animals. Infertility in monkeys with endometriosis was associated with luteinized unruptured follicles, luteal phase defects, and pelvic adhesions. Although PGF2 alpha concentrations in peritoneal washings obtained during these cycles were increased in comparison with those of ovulatory cycles, the difference was not significant. A relationship between spontaneous abortion and prostaglandin concentrations in peritoneal fluid was not established.

Topics: Animals; Body Fluids; Dinoprost; Endometriosis; Female; Infertility, Female; Macaca fascicularis; Menstrual Cycle; Peritoneum; Pregnancy; Prostaglandins E; Prostaglandins F

Pelvic fluid was collected from 66 women undergoing laparoscopic sterilization or diagnostic laparoscopy for evaluation of infertility. Cells consisting mainly of macrophages were separated, counted, and subjected to histochemical staining for acid phosphatase and myeloperoxidase as markers of cell irritation. Pelvic fluid was analyzed for acid phosphatase, neutral protease, and extractable prostaglandin E2 and F2 alpha. A higher proportion (46% versus 15%) of the macrophages in the group with mild endometriosis exhibited positive staining for acid phosphatase as compared with the fertile group. Pelvic fluid from patients with mild endometriosis had higher acid phosphatase and neutral protease activity than that from fertile patients (p less than 0.05, p less than 0.01). The content of either prostaglandin was not significantly higher in the endometriosis group as compared with the fertile group. The results suggest that mild endometriosis is associated with activation of macrophages and release of active substances into peritoneal fluid that may be responsible for the associated infertility.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Dinoprost; Dinoprostone; Endometriosis; Endopeptidases; Female; Humans; Infertility, Female; Macrophages; Neprilysin; Pelvic Neoplasms; Prostaglandins E; Prostaglandins F

The amounts of PGF2 alpha in peritoneal fluid were determined by radioimmunoassay in 21 patients undergoing exploratory laparotomy or diagnostic laparoscopy for infertility during the follicular phase of the cycle. Detectable levels of PGF2 alpha were found only in that group with moderate and severe endometriosis who also had blood-tinged or chocolate material in the peritoneal cavity. A patient with blood-tinged peritoneal fluid and pelvic adhesions without endometriosis also had elevated peritoneal fluid PGF2 alpha. In contrast, peritoneal fluid without evidence of old hemorrhage from patients with endometriosis or pelvic adhesions as well as from a group of normal women did not contain PGF2 alpha. None of the endometriosis patients had evidence of a short luteal phase by standard criteria.

Topics: Ascitic Fluid; Dinoprost; Endometriosis; Female; Humans; Luteal Phase; Prostaglandins F

Cul-de-sac fluid from women with histologically confirmed endometriosis (n = 45) or with no evidence of endometriosis (n = 17) was removed during the proliferative phase of the menstrual cycle (days 8 to 12) and analyzed for prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha), 15-keto-13,14-dihydroprostaglandin F2 alpha (PGFM), and thromboxane B2 (TXB2). The fluid volume was recorded. Peripheral blood was also obtained to determine the concentration of PGFM. Prostanoid concentrations (PGE2, PGF2 alpha, PGFM, TXB2) in women with endometriosis were not significantly different from a comparable group of disease-free women. Furthermore, a meaningful elevation of prostanoid with increasing severity of disease could not be demonstrated. Plasma PGFM was not significantly different from controls. There was, however, an elevation of PGFM with severity of disease, although this increase was not statistically significant (P = 0.11). An increase in fluid volume was not demonstrated in women with endometriosis, as compared with controls.

Topics: Ascitic Fluid; Dinoprost; Dinoprostone; Endometriosis; Female; Humans; Menstruation; Prostaglandins; Prostaglandins E; Prostaglandins F; Thromboxane B2; Thromboxanes

Prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha) metabolite (13,14-dihydro-15-keto PGF2 alpha) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) were assayed in the cul-de-sac fluid aspirated from 15 patients with endometriosis, in saline peritoneal washings of 5 patients with unexplained infertility, and in 5 control subjects. The fluid from the cul-de-sac of patients with endometriosis showed wide variations in the concentrations of PGF2 alpha metabolite and PGE2. There was no correlation between the concentration of these prostaglandins (PGs) and the stage of the cycle. Saline peritoneal washings from patients with unexplained infertility had significantly higher concentrations of PGF2 alpha metabolite than the control subjects. The concentration of PGE2 in the saline peritoneal washings was higher in the group with unexplained infertility than in the control group; however, the difference was not significant. The concentration of PGF2 alpha metabolite and PGE2 in the peritoneal saline washings from patients with unexplained infertility were no different from the concentrations of these PGs in the peritoneal fluid (PF) from patients with endometriosis. PG concentration in PF of infertile patients with or without endometriosis is a new variable for evaluation in these patients.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Ascitic Fluid; Dinoprost; Dinoprostone; Endometriosis; Female; Humans; Infertility, Female; Prostaglandins E; Prostaglandins F