dinoprost and Chronic-Disease

Numerous open trials have demonstrated the beneficial clinical effects of aspirin desensitization (AD) in patients with aspirin-induced asthma (AIA). These beneficial effects might be attributable to aspirin's potent anti-inflammatory properties, but that supposition requires further corroboration.. We sought to compare the clinical and biochemical responses to chronic oral AD in 20 patients with AIA and 14 patients with aspirin-tolerant asthma (ATA). All of the patients had chronic rhinosinusitis and nasal polyposis, and these responses were investigated in a pilot, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.. Twelve patients with AIA and 6 patients with ATA were randomly assigned to receive 624 mg of aspirin, and 8 patients with AIA and 8 patients with ATA received placebo. Both aspirin and placebo were administered once daily for 6 months. Nasal symptoms, Sino-Nasal Outcome Test (SNOT20) scores, peak nasal inspiratory flows, Asthma Control Questionnaire scores, spirometric parameters, peak expiratory flows, blood eosinophilia, and corticosteroid doses were assessed on a monthly basis. Levels of urinary leukotriene E4 and the stable plasma prostaglandin (PG) D2 metabolite 9α,11β-PGF2 were evaluated at baseline and after 1, 3, 5, and 6 months.. Only the patients with AIA subjected to AD reported improvements in smell and reductions in sneezing and nasal blockade. The SNOT20 and Asthma Control Questionnaire scores of these patients decreased, and their peak nasal inspiratory flows increased. The dosages of inhaled corticosteroids were reduced. There were no changes in leukotriene E(4) or 9α,11β-PGF(2) levels after AD.. The clinically beneficial effects of AD on nasal and bronchial symptoms occurred only in the patients with AIA.

Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Aged; Allergens; Aspirin; Asthma; Asthma, Aspirin-Induced; Chronic Disease; Desensitization, Immunologic; Dinoprost; Double-Blind Method; Eosinophils; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Leukotriene E4; Male; Middle Aged; Nasal Polyps; Pilot Projects; Prostaglandin D2; Rhinitis; Sinusitis; Spirometry; Treatment Outcome

The optimal amount of vegetable consumption required to reduce chronic disease risk is widely debated. Intervention trials evaluating biological activity of vegetables at various doses are limited. We conducted a 3-dose, crossover feeding trial to test the hypothesis that vegetable intake is associated in a dose-dependent manner with increased plasma carotenoids and subsequently reduced oxidative stress and inflammation in 49 overweight, postmenopausal women. Participants were assigned in random order to 2 (130 g), 5 (287 g), and 10 (614 g) daily servings of fresh, greenhouse-grown vegetables for 3-wk intervals with a 4-wk washout period between treatments. Plasma total carotenoids significantly increased from 1.63 to 2.07 μmol/L with a dose of 2 vegetable servings, from 1.49 to 2.84 μmol/L with a dose of 5 vegetable servings, and from 1.40 to 4.42 μmol/L with a dose of 10 vegetable servings (pre-post paired ttests, all P < 0.001). The change during each feeding period increased with each dose level (P < 0.001). Urine concentrations of 8-isoprostane F2α, hexanoyl lysine, and serum high sensitivity C-reactive protein were not affected by any administered vegetable dose. In this variable-dose vegetable study, a dose-response for plasma carotenoids was demonstrated without significant change in oxidative stress and inflammation in overweight, postmenopausal women.

Topics: Aged; Arizona; Biomarkers; Body Mass Index; C-Reactive Protein; Carotenoids; Chronic Disease; Cross-Over Studies; Dinoprost; Female; Humans; Lysine; Middle Aged; Obesity; Overweight; Oxidative Stress; Postmenopause; Risk Factors; Vegetables

Topics: Adult; Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; Antioxidants; Benzimidazoles; Benzoates; Chronic Disease; Cilazapril; Creatinine; Cross-Over Studies; Dinoprost; Diuretics; Female; Humans; Hydrochlorothiazide; Kidney Diseases; Male; Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonists; Oxidative Stress; Spironolactone; Telmisartan

In a controlled field trial, 178 dairy cows with chronic endometritis and at least 21 days in lactation were randomly assigned to four different treatment groups: prostaglandin F2alpha intramuscularly (PG, 5 mg dinoprost (5 ml Dinolytic), n = 51), intrauterine antibiotics (AB; 400 mg ampicillin + 800 oxacillin (20 ml Totocillin), n = 49), intrauterine antiseptics (AS; 100 ml 4% Lotagen, n = 50); control (C, no initial treatment, n = 28). Before treatment, uterine swabs for bacteriologic examination and blood samples for determination of serum progesterone concentrations were collected. Two weeks following the first treatment, cows were reexamined. In case no clinical cure was diagnosed, treatment was repeated and control cows were treated for the first time with one of the three treatments mentioned above. The four treatment groups did not differ with respect to the clinical cure or reproductive performance. Therefore, factors that might have an influence on clinical cure and fertility were evaluated. With increasing duration of lactation, the clinical cure after a single treatment increased significantly over all treatment groups from 59.5% (treatment before day 42 postpartum) to 79.6% (treatment following day 42 postpartum) (P < 0.05). Within the PG group, a statistically significantly higher cure rate after a single treatment and first service conception rate and a lower pregnancy index were obtained when the treatment was performed following day 42 postpartum (P < 0.05). This was not the case in the other treatment groups. A retarded involution of the uterus based on the size had a negative effect on clinical cure over all groups (first treatment clinical cure: 68.2% (small uteri) vs 44.4% (large uteri); P < 0.05). Within groups, this effect was also detected, but only as a trend (P > 0.05). Isolation of Arcanobacterium (A.) pyogenes negatively influenced first treatment clinical cure over all treatment groups (79.0% vs 31.5%) and within treatment groups (P < 0.05). In the AB group, the pregnancy index, days open and the interval from first insemination to conception increased compared with the other treatment groups, when A. pyogenes was detected. Isolation of unspecific bacteria and the presence or absence of a corpus luteum only had minor effects over all and within the PG, AS and C group. Within the AB group, presence of luteal tissue was connected with a higher pregnancy index and increased days open and interval from first insemination to concep

Topics: Ampicillin; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Infective Agents; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; Chronic Disease; Cresols; Dicloxacillin; Dinoprost; Drug Combinations; Endometritis; Female; Formaldehyde; Reproduction; Treatment Outcome

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effect of a relatively selective cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 inhibitor (nimesulide) and non-selective COX-1/COX-2 inhibitor (naproxen) used as an adjunct to non-surgical (scaling and root planing [SRP]) periodontal therapy in chronic periodontitis patients on the gingival tissue (GT) levels of prostaglandin (PG)E2 and PGF2alpha.. Thirty patients with chronic periodontitis were divided into 3 groups of 10 each. One group received 100 mg of nimesulide; one received 275 mg of naproxen sodium; and the third group received placebo tablets in a 2 x 1 regimen for 10 days as an adjunct to SRP. GT samples were obtained before drug intake and on day 10. Plaque index (PI) and papillary bleeding index (PBI) scores were recorded at baseline, day 10, and at 3 months; probing depth (PD) and clinical attachment level (CAL) were recorded at baseline and at 3 months. The levels of PGE2 were detected using an enzyme immunoassay (EIA), and the levels of PGF2alpha were analyzed by radioimmunoassay (RIA). Differences among and within the groups were assessed using non-parametric statistical analysis. Ten periodontally healthy individuals served as controls.. All 3 groups showed statistically significant reductions in PBI and PI on day 10 and at 3 months (P < 0.02), and in PD and CAL at 3 months (P < 0.02, P < 0.05, respectively). In the naproxen group, GT PGE2 levels exhibited a significant decrease (P < 0.05). However, the decrease of GT PGE2 levels in the nimesulide group was insignificant (P > 0.05), while a significant increase was observed in the placebo group (P < 0.05) on day 10. Both the nimesulide and naproxen groups showed a significant decrease (P<0.05) in PGF2alpha level, while the placebo group showed a significant increase (P<0.05).. Nimesulides, relatively selective COX-2 inhibitors, may have additional inhibitory effects on GT PGF2alpha levels in the first week following non-surgical periodontal treatment. However, nimesulide has an insignificant effect on reducing PGE2 levels in gingival tissue. The determination of GT levels of COX-1 and COX-2 enzymes as well as PGE2 and PGF2alpha in long-term studies may provide further support for the adjunctive use of selective COX-2 inhibitors in treatment of chronic periodontitis.

Topics: Adult; Chronic Disease; Cyclooxygenase 1; Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors; Dental Plaque Index; Dental Scaling; Dinoprost; Dinoprostone; Double-Blind Method; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Gingiva; Humans; Isoenzymes; Male; Matched-Pair Analysis; Membrane Proteins; Middle Aged; Naproxen; Periodontal Attachment Loss; Periodontal Index; Periodontal Pocket; Periodontitis; Placebos; Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases; Root Planing; Statistics as Topic; Statistics, Nonparametric; Sulfonamides

The efficacy of 0.5% timolol was compared with that of the prostaglandin derivative unoprostone in maintaining control of intraocular pressure (IOP) in subjects with chronic open angle glaucoma (COAG) or ocular hypertension (OH) already responding satisfactorily to beta-blocker monotherapy. In a two-centre, double-masked, randomised parallel group study, 40 subjects were placed on 0.5% timolol eyedrops twice daily for two weeks. They were then randomised either to continue with 0.5% timolol or to switch to 0.12% unoprostone, applied twice daily for six weeks. IOP was measured at two-weekly intervals. The status of the conjunctiva, iris, cornea and anterior chamber was kept under observation. Ocular safety was monitored by measurements of visual acuity, and any systemic adverse events were recorded. After six weeks' treatment, there were no statistically significant differences in mean change from baseline IOP within or between treatment groups. For the subjects treated with unoprostone, mean IOP increased by 0.69 mm Hg (p = 0.368) while that of the timolol-treated subjects fell by 0.47 mm Hg (p = 0.287). The difference in mean IOP between groups was 1.16 mm Hg (p = 0.211, 95% confidence interval [CI] -0.69 to 3.02). The most common complaint was a mild and transient burning sensation on instillation which occurred more frequently in the unoprostone group. In conclusion, an aqueous solution of 0.12% unoprostone isopropyl, applied topically to the eye twice daily for six weeks, was as effective as 0.5% timolol in maintaining control of IOP in subjects with chronic open angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension. Both treatments were safe and well tolerated.

Topics: Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Adult; Aged; Antihypertensive Agents; Chronic Disease; Depression, Chemical; Dinoprost; Female; Glaucoma, Open-Angle; Humans; Intraocular Pressure; Male; Middle Aged; Ocular Hypertension; Statistics, Nonparametric; Time Factors; Timolol

Eight patients with chronic glomerulonephritis were treated with either naproxen or sulindac in an open randomized study to observe their effects on the urinary excretion of prostaglandins and renal function. Both drugs were given for 7 days. Naproxen caused a decrease (p less than 0.01) of 80% in prostaglandin PGE2 and decrease (p less than 0.01) of 55% in prostaglandin PGF2 alpha. Sulindac caused a decrease (p = 0.01) of 37% in PGE2 and a decrease (p less than 0.05) in PGF2 alpha of 13%. The decrease in urinary excretion of prostaglandins were greater (p less than 0.05) during the naproxen treatment. Naproxen caused a decrease (p less than 0.05) in 24-hour creatinine clearance of 14 ml/min, an increase (p less than 0.05) in plasma urea of 1.0 mmol/l, an increase (p less than 0.05) in plasma potassium of 0.4 mmol/l and a decrease (p less than 0.01) in 24-hour urinary excretion of albumin of 11 mumol. Sulindac did not change any of these parameters significantly. In conclusion, sulindac affects renal prostaglandin synthesis to a significantly minor degree than naproxen and contrary to naproxen it does not influence the renal function in patients with chronic glomerular disease.

Topics: Adult; Chronic Disease; Clinical Trials as Topic; Creatinine; Dinoprost; Dinoprostone; Female; Glomerulonephritis; Humans; Indenes; Kidney; Male; Middle Aged; Naproxen; Prostaglandins E; Prostaglandins F; Random Allocation; Sulindac

Nine patients with chronic glomerulonephritis were investigated in a controlled, double-blind, crossover study to assess the efficacy of prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) infusion therapy. Three-hour intravenous infusions of PGE1 (100 micrograms/day) and placebo were performed every day for three weeks, respectively. Improvement of renal function was demonstrated by statistical u-test (p less than 0.01) and x2-test (p less than 0.05). Three weeks infusion of PGE1 tended to increase creatinine clearance. PGE1 infusion significantly decreased the serum level of creatinine as compared with the placebo infusion (p less than 0.05). The urinary excretion of protein, however, did not change with PGE1. It was concluded that PGE1 infusion is effective in improving renal function in patients with chronic glomerulonephritis.

Topics: Alprostadil; Chronic Disease; Dinoprost; Double-Blind Method; Female; Glomerulonephritis; Humans; Male; Prostaglandins E; Prostaglandins F

Tempol, a superoxide dismutase-mimetic drug, has been shown to attenuate radical-induced damage, exerting beneficial effects in the animal models of oxidative stress and hypertension. This study evaluated the effect of Tempol on renal structural and functional alterations in two-Kidney, one-Clip hypertensive rats. In this study, young male Wistar rats had the left kidney clipped (2K1C), and sham-operated animals (Sham) were used as controls. Animals received Tempol (1mmol/L in drinking water) or vehicle for 5 weeks. Systolic blood pressure was evaluated once a week. At the end of the experimental protocol, the animals were placed in metabolic cages to collect urine (24h) and then anesthetized with thiopental (70mg/kg i.p.) to collect blood by puncturing the descending aorta for biochemical analysis, and the clipped kidney for morphological and immunohistochemical analyses. The vasodilator effect of Tempol was evaluated in mesenteric arterial bed (MAB) isolated from adult Wistar rats. The chronic treatment with Tempol prevented the development of hypertension and the increased plasma levels of urea, creatinine, and 8-isoprostane in 2K1C animals. Tempol also improved both glomeruli number and kidney volume to normal levels in the 2K1C+Tempol group. In addition, the treatment prevented the increased collagen deposition and immunostaining for renin, caspase-3, and 8-isoprostane in the stenotic kidney of 2K1C animals. Moreover, Tempol induced a dose-dependent vasodilator response in MAB from Wistar rats. These results suggest that Tempol protects the stenotic kidney against chronic ischemic renal injury and prevents renal dysfunction in the 2K1C model, probably through its antioxidant, vasodilator and antihypertensive actions.

Topics: Animals; Antioxidants; Biomimetic Materials; Blood Pressure; Caspase 3; Chronic Disease; Creatinine; Cyclic N-Oxides; Dinoprost; Hypertension; Ischemia; Kidney; Kidney Diseases; Kidney Glomerulus; Male; Oxidative Stress; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Renin; Spin Labels; Superoxide Dismutase; Urea; Vasodilation

Inflammatory processes, including respiratory symptoms, can be induced among workers in composting plants exposed to bioaerosols containing microorganisms and their compounds. We evaluated inflammatory processes in the lower respiratory tract via cellular and soluble mediator profiles in induced sputum (IS). IS samples of 140 current (35% smokers) and 49 former compost workers (29% smokers) as well as 29 white-collar workers (17% smokers) were collected and analyzed for the cell count and composition, and for soluble biomarkers. Significant differences between current and former compost workers and white-collar workers were detected for total cell count (p=0.0004), neutrophils (p=0.0045), sCD14 (p=0.008), and 8-isoprostane (p<0.0001). IS of non-smoking former compost workers showed lower concentrations of IL-8, total protein, immunoreactive MMP-9 and sCD14, compared with non-smoking current compost workers. 10.1% of the study population was suffering from chronic bronchitis with significant differences (p=0.018) between former compost workers (24.5%), current workers (5%), and white-collar workers (10.3%). Significantly lower IL-8 (p=0.0002), neutrophils (p=0.001), and MMP-9 (p=0.0023) values were measured in healthy subjects compared with subjects with chronic bronchitis. In conclusion, changes in lower airways were detected by analysis of biomarkers in IS of current exposed and, to a lesser extent, in IS of former compost workers. These effects are especially pronounced in subjects with chronic bronchitis.

Topics: Adult; Air Pollutants, Occupational; Biomarkers; Blood Proteins; Bronchitis; Cell Count; Chronic Disease; Cross-Sectional Studies; Dinoprost; Female; Humans; Interleukin-8; Lipopolysaccharide Receptors; Male; Matrix Metalloproteinase 9; Middle Aged; Neutrophils; Occupational Exposure; Pneumonia; Smoking; Soil; Sputum

Platelet activation is involved in acute coronary syndromes (ACS). Incomplete suppression by low-dose aspirin treatment of thromboxane (TX) metabolite excretion (urinary 11-dehydro-TXB2) is predictive of vascular events in high-risk patients. Myeloid-related protein (MRP)-8/14 is a heterodimer secreted on activation of platelets, monocytes, and neutrophils, regulating inflammation and predicting cardiovascular events. Among platelet transcripts, MRP-14 has emerged as a powerful predictor of ACS.. We enrolled 68 stable ischemic heart disease (IHD) and 63 ACS patients, undergoing coronary angiography, to evaluate whether MRP-8/14 release in the circulation is related to TX-dependent platelet activation in ACS and IHD patients and to residual TX biosynthesis in low-dose aspirin-treated ACS patients. In ACS patients, plasma MRP-8/14 and urinary 11-dehydro-TXB2 levels were linearly correlated (r=0.651, P<0.001) but significantly higher than those in IHD patients (P=0.012, P=0.044) only among subjects not receiving aspirin. In aspirin-treated ACS patients, MRP-8/14 and 11-dehydro-TXB2 were lower versus those not receiving aspirin (P<0.001) and still significantly correlated (r=0.528, P<0.001). Higher 11-dehydro-TXB2 significantly predicted higher MRP-8/14 in both all ACS patients and ACS receiving aspirin (P<0.001, adj R(2)=0.463 and adj R(2)=0.497) after multivariable adjustment. Conversely, plasma MRP-8/14 (P<0.001) and higher urinary 8-iso-prostaglandin F2α (P=0.050) levels were significant predictors of residual, on-aspirin, TX biosynthesis in ACS (adjusted R(2)=0.384).. Circulating MRP-8/14 is associated with TX-dependent platelet activation in ACS, even during low-dose aspirin treatment, suggesting a contribution of residual TX to MRP-8/14 shedding, which may further amplify platelet activation. Circulating MRP-8/14 may be a target to test different antiplatelet strategies in ACS.

Topics: Acute Coronary Syndrome; Aged; Aspirin; Calgranulin A; Calgranulin B; Chronic Disease; Dinoprost; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Myocardial Ischemia; Platelet Activation; Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; Thromboxane B2

Chronic psychological stress appears to accelerate biological aging, and oxidative damage is an important potential mediator of this process. However, the mechanisms by which psychological stress promotes oxidative damage are poorly understood. This study investigates the theory that cortisol increases in response to an acutely stressful event have the potential to either enhance or undermine psychobiological resilience to oxidative damage, depending on the body's prior exposure to chronic psychological stress. In order to achieve a range of chronic stress exposure, forty-eight post-menopausal women were recruited in a case-control design that matched women caring for spouses with dementia (a chronic stress model) with similarly aged control women whose spouses were healthy. Participants completed a questionnaire assessing perceived stress over the previous month and provided fasting blood. Three markers of oxidative damage were assessed: 8-iso-prostaglandin F(2α) (IsoP), lipid peroxidation, 8-hydroxyguanosine (8-oxoG) and 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), reflecting oxidative damage to RNA/DNA respectively. Within approximately one week, participants completed a standardized acute laboratory stress task while salivary cortisol responses were measured. The increase from 0 to 30 min was defined as "peak" cortisol reactivity, while the increase from 0 to 15 min was defined as "anticipatory" cortisol reactivity, representing a cortisol response that began while preparing for the stress task. Women under chronic stress had higher 8-oxoG, oxidative damage to RNA (p<.01). A moderated mediation model was tested, in which it was hypothesized that heightened anticipatory cortisol reactivity would mediate the relationship between perceived stress and elevated oxidative stress damage, but only among women under chronic stress. Consistent with this model, bootstrapped path analysis found significant indirect paths from perceived stress to 8-oxoG and IsoP (but not 8-OHdG) via anticipatory cortisol reactivity, showing the expected relations among chronically stressed participants (p≤.01) Intriguingly, among those with low chronic stress exposure, moderate (compared to low) levels of perceived stress were associated with reduced levels of oxidative damage. Hence, this study supports the emerging model that chronic stress exposure promotes oxidative damage through frequent and sustained activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. It also supports the less

Topics: 8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine; Acute Disease; Affect; Aged; Anticipation, Psychological; Caregivers; Case-Control Studies; Chronic Disease; Deoxyguanosine; Dinoprost; DNA Damage; Female; Guanosine; Humans; Hydrocortisone; Middle Aged; Oxidative Stress; Resilience, Psychological; Saliva; Secretory Rate; Spouses; Stress, Psychological; Surveys and Questionnaires

The importance of the lung parenchyma in the pathophysiology of asthma has previously been demonstrated. Considering that nitric oxide synthases (NOS) and arginases compete for the same substrate, it is worthwhile to elucidate the effects of complex NOS-arginase dysfunction in the pathophysiology of asthma, particularly, related to distal lung tissue. We evaluated the effects of arginase and iNOS inhibition on distal lung mechanics and oxidative stress pathway activation in a model of chronic pulmonary allergic inflammation in guinea pigs.. Guinea pigs were exposed to repeated ovalbumin inhalations (twice a week for 4 weeks). The animals received 1400 W (an iNOS-specific inhibitor) for 4 days beginning at the last inhalation. Afterwards, the animals were anesthetized and exsanguinated; then, a slice of the distal lung was evaluated by oscillatory mechanics, and an arginase inhibitor (nor-NOHA) or vehicle was infused in a Krebs solution bath. Tissue resistance (Rt) and elastance (Et) were assessed before and after ovalbumin challenge (0.1%), and lung strips were submitted to histopathological studies.. Ovalbumin-exposed animals presented an increase in the maximal Rt and Et responses after antigen challenge (p<0.001), in the number of iNOS positive cells (p<0.001) and in the expression of arginase 2, 8-isoprostane and NF-kB (p<0.001) in distal lung tissue. The 1400 W administration reduced all these responses (p<0.001) in alveolar septa. Ovalbumin-exposed animals that received nor-NOHA had a reduction of Rt, Et after antigen challenge, iNOS positive cells and 8-isoprostane and NF-kB (p<0.001) in lung tissue. The activity of arginase 2 was reduced only in the groups treated with nor-NOHA (p <0.05). There was a reduction of 8-isoprostane expression in OVA-NOR-W compared to OVA-NOR (p<0.001).. In this experimental model, increased arginase content and iNOS-positive cells were associated with the constriction of distal lung parenchyma. This functional alteration may be due to a high expression of 8-isoprostane, which had a procontractile effect. The mechanism involved in this response is likely related to the modulation of NF-kB expression, which contributed to the activation of the arginase and iNOS pathways. The association of both inhibitors potentiated the reduction of 8-isoprostane expression in this animal model.

Topics: Administration, Inhalation; Animals; Arginase; Chronic Disease; Dinoprost; Disease Models, Animal; Guinea Pigs; Hypersensitivity; Lung; Male; NF-kappa B; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; Ovalbumin; Oxidative Stress; Pneumonia; Respiratory Mechanics

Chronic liver diseases are commonly associated with tissue hypoxia that may cause inflammation, oxidative stress, liver cell injury and increased nuclear transcriptional regulation. The hepatic response to chronic hypoxia at the molecular level has not yet been clearly understood until now. The aim of this study is to investigate whether nuclear transcription factors [hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1α), activator protein-1 (AP-1), nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB)] exhibit activity changes during hepatic response to chronic hypoxia. Blood and liver samples were collected from adult Sprague-Dawley rats living in atmospheric air or 10% oxygen for four weeks. Levels of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), 8-isoprostane and nitrotyrosine were measured. The activities of nuclear transcription factors and the expression of downstream genes (iNOS, eNOS, ET-1 and VEGF) were measured using RT-PCR, Western blotting and Gel shift analysis. Results showed that serum ALT level, 8-isoprostane level and formation of nitrotyrosine were within normal range at all time-points. In the hypoxic liver, DNA-binding activities of HIF-1α, NF-κB and AP-1 increased significantly. Expression levels of iNOS, VEGF and ET-1 progressively increased from day 7 to day 28. eNOS was also elevated in the hypoxic liver. In conclusion, our study suggests that increased activity of HIF-1α, AP-1 and NF-κB may partly play a significant role in the hepatic response to oxidative stress and liver injury under chronic hypoxia. The increased expression of VEGF, ET-1, iNOS and eNOS may be partly due to the compensatory mechanism in the vascular beds of the liver in response to chronic hypoxia.

Topics: Alanine Transaminase; Animals; Biomarkers; Blotting, Western; Chronic Disease; Dinoprost; Disease Models, Animal; Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay; Endothelin-1; Gene Expression Regulation; Hypoxia; Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit; Liver; Male; NF-kappa B; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III; Oxidative Stress; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; RNA, Messenger; Time Factors; Transcription Factor AP-1; Tyrosine; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A

The mechanisms of cough in asthma are unclear. Asthma is associated with an oxidative stress. Many reactive oxygen species sensitize or activate sensory C-fibers which are capable to induce cough. It was hypothesized that oxidative stress in the airways might contribute to the cough severity in asthma. Exhaled breath condensate samples were collected in ten healthy and 26 asthmatic subjects. The concentration of 8-isoprostane was measured. In addition, the subjects filled in Leicester Cough Questionnaire and underwent cough provocation tests with dry air hyperpnoea and hypertonic saline, among other measurements. Among the asthmatic subjects, high 8-isoprostane was associated with severe cough response to hyperpnoea (p=0.001), low Leicester Cough Questionnaire values (indicating severe subjective cough, p=0.02), and usage of combination asthma drugs (p=0.03-0.04). However, the 8-isoprostane concentrations did not differ significantly between the healthy and the asthmatic subjects. Airway oxidative stress may be associated with experienced cough severity and measured cough sensitivity in asthma.

Topics: Adult; Asthma; Breath Tests; Bronchial Provocation Tests; Case-Control Studies; Chronic Disease; Cohort Studies; Cough; Dinoprost; Exhalation; Female; Humans; Hyperventilation; Male; Middle Aged; Oxidative Stress; Reference Values; Severity of Illness Index; Spirometry; Statistics, Nonparametric

Mechanisms linking behavioral stress and inflammation are poorly understood, mainly in distal lung tissue.. We have investigated whether the forced swim stress (FS) could modulate lung tissue mechanics, iNOS, cytokines, oxidative stress activation, eosinophilic recruitment, and remodeling in guinea pigs (GP) with chronic pulmonary inflammation.. The GP were exposed to ovalbumin or saline aerosols (2×/wk/4wks, OVA, and SAL). Twenty-four hours after the 4th inhalation, the GP were submitted to the FS protocol (5×/wk/2wks, SAL-S, and OVA-S). Seventy-two hours after the 7th inhalation, lung strips were cut and tissue resistance (Rt) and elastance (Et) were obtained (at baseline and after OVA and Ach challenge). Strips were submitted to histopathological evaluation.. The adrenals' weight, the serum cortisol, and the catecholamines were measured. There was an increase in IL-2, IL-5, IL-13, IFN-γ, iNOS, 8-iso-PGF2α, and in %Rt and %Et after Ach challenge in the SAL-S group compared to the SAL one. The OVA-S group has had an increase in %Rt and %Et after the OVA challenge, in %Et after the Ach and in IL-4, 8-iso-PGF2α, and actin compared to the OVA. Adrenal weight and cortisol serum were increased in stressed animals compared to nonstressed ones, and the catecholamines were unaltered.. Repeated stress has increased distal lung constriction, which was associated with an increase of actin, IL-4, and 8-iso-PGF2α levels. Stress has also induced an activation of iNOS, cytokines, and oxidative stress pathways.

Topics: Actins; Adrenal Glands; Airway Resistance; Animals; Catecholamines; Chronic Disease; Cytokines; Dinoprost; Eosinophils; Guinea Pigs; Hydrocortisone; Lung; Male; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; Organ Size; Oxidative Stress; Pneumonia; Stress, Psychological; Swimming

Acute chorioamnionitis of infectious origin and chronic chorioamnionitis of immunological origin are two major placental lesions of spontaneous preterm birth with elevated amniotic fluid interleukin-6 and CXCL10 concentrations, respectively. The changes in the amniotic fluid proteome associated with intra-amniotic infection and acute chorioamnionitis are well defined, yet alterations unique to chronic chorioamnionitis remain to be elucidated. This study was conducted to determine those amniotic fluid proteins changing specifically in the presence of chronic chorioamnionitis. Amniotic fluid obtained from acute chorioamnionitis, chronic chorioamnionitis and gestational age-matched controls were analysed by two-dimensional (2D) difference in gel electrophoresis and MALDI-TOF analyses. The type of histological inflammation was used to define each condition in preterm labour cases (n = 125) and term not in labour cases (n = 22), and the amniotic fluid concentrations of interleukin-6, CXCL8, CXCL10 and prostaglandin F(2α) were also measured by specific immunoassays. Among preterm labour cases, 31 differentially expressed proteins were identified in chronic chorioamnionitis cases as compared to both acute chorioamnionitis and control cases. Importantly, glycodelin-A, which maintains maternal tolerance against an allogeneic fetus, was decreased in chronic chorioamnionitis, while haptoglobin was increased. We report the amniotic fluid proteome of chronic chorioamnionitis for the first time, and the findings herein strongly suggest that there is a pathophysiological association between the changes of immunomodulatory proteins in the amniotic fluid and chronic chorioamnionitis, a histological manifestation of maternal anti-fetal allograft rejection.

Topics: Acute Disease; Adolescent; Adult; Amniotic Fluid; Chemokine CXCL10; Chorioamnionitis; Chronic Disease; Cross-Sectional Studies; Dinoprost; Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional; Extraembryonic Membranes; Female; Glycodelin; Glycoproteins; Haptoglobins; Humans; Interleukin-6; Interleukin-8; Obstetric Labor, Premature; Parity; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Proteins; Proteome; Young Adult

Colforsin, a water-soluble forskolin derivative, directly activates adenylate cyclase and thereby increases the 3',5'-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) level in vascular smooth muscle cells. In this study, we investigated the vasodilatory action of colforsin on structurally remodeled pulmonary arteries from rats with pulmonary hypertension (PH).. A total of 32 rats were subjected to hypobaric hypoxia (380 mmHg, 10% oxygen) for 10 days to induce chronic hypoxic PH, while 39 rats were kept in room air. Changes in isometric force were recorded in endothelium-intact (+E) and -denuded (-E) pulmonary arteries from the PH and control (non-PH) rats.. Colforsin-induced vasodilation was impaired in both +E and -E arteries from PH rats compared with their respective controls. Endothelial removal did not influence colforsin-induced vasodilation in the arteries from control rats, but attenuated it in arteries from PH rats. The inhibition of nitric oxide (NO) synthase did not influence colforsin-induced vasodilation in +E arteries from controls, but attenuated it in +E arteries from PH rats, shifting its concentration-response curve closer to that of -E arteries from PH rats. Vasodilation induced by 8-bromo-cAMP (a cell-permeable cAMP analog) was also impaired in -E arteries from PH rats, but not in +E arteries from PH rats, compared with their respective controls.. cAMP-mediated vasodilatory responses without beta-adrenergic receptor activation are impaired in structurally remodeled pulmonary arteries from PH rats. In these arteries, endothelial cells presumably play a compensatory role against the impaired cAMP-mediated vasodilatory response by releasing NO (and thereby attenuating the impairment). The results suggest that colforsin could be effective in the treatment of PH.

Topics: 8-Bromo Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate; Animals; Chronic Disease; Colforsin; Dinoprost; Drug Synergism; Fluorescent Dyes; Fura-2; Hypertension, Pulmonary; Hypertrophy, Right Ventricular; Hypoxia; In Vitro Techniques; Isometric Contraction; Male; Muscle Contraction; Potassium Chloride; Pulmonary Artery; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Vasodilation; Vasodilator Agents

In order to characterize whether different degrees of adipose tissue storage may be associated with markers of early atherosclerosis, we evaluated oxidant-antioxidant status and inflammatory markers and determined carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) in healthy constitutional lean and obese pre-pubertal children.. Eighty healthy pre-pubertal lean and obese children were recruited and compared with 40 age, gender, and pubertal stage-matched normal controls. Anthropometric measurements, oxidant (urinary isoprostanes (PGF-2alpha), lag phase, and malondialdehyde (MDA)) and antioxidant status (vitamin E), inflammatory markers (high sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP)), and insulin sensitivity (fasting glucose-insulin ratio, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR)) were investigated. Furthermore, cIMT was measured by high-resolution ultrasound.. hs-CRP was not different between lean and control subjects (P=0.45), while higher values were found in obese compared with lean and control children (P<0.001 and P<0.001 respectively). PGF-2alpha and MDA were higher while lag phase shorter in lean and obese subjects compared with controls (lean P<0.001; P<0.001; P<0.001 and obese P<0.001; P<0.001; P<0.001 respectively), while no differences were documented between lean and obese subjects (P=0.78, P=0.019, and P=0.53 respectively). Compared with controls, cIMT was increased in lean and in obese subjects (P=0.001; P=0.004), while no differences were documented between obese and lean subjects (P=0.1). In a multiple stepwise linear regression analysis, cIMT was related with PGF-2alpha (beta=0.641, P<0.001) and HOMA-IR (beta=0.307; P<0.001).. Pre-pubertal lean and obese children present increased oxidative stress and impaired inflammation and insulin sensitivity, which in turn seem to result in similar impaired endothelial dysfunction and early signs of atherosclerosis, already in childhood.

Topics: Antioxidants; Biomarkers; Body Weight; C-Reactive Protein; Carotid Arteries; Carotid Artery Diseases; Child; Chronic Disease; Dinoprost; Female; Humans; Inflammation; Insulin Resistance; Male; Malondialdehyde; Obesity; Oxidants; Regression Analysis; Severity of Illness Index; Tunica Intima; Ultrasonography; Vitamin E

We investigated the influence of oxygenation of in vitro lung preparation on the pulmonary vascular reactivity. Small pulmonary vessels isolated from adult male Wistar rats exposed for 4 days to hypoxia (F(iO2) = 0.1, group CH) were compared with those of normoxic controls (group N). The bath in the chamber of small vessel myograph was saturated with gas mixture containing either 21% or 95% of O(2) with 5% CO(2) and we measured the reactions of vessels to acute hypoxic challenge with 0% O(2) or to PGF(2alpha). We did not observe any difference of the contractile responses between both groups when the normoxic conditions were set in the bath. When the bath oxygenation was increased to 95% O(2), the contractions induced by hypoxic challenge and PGF(2alpha) decreased in chronically hypoxic rats and did not change in normoxic controls. We hypothesize that reduced reactivity of vessels from hypoxic rats in hyperoxia results from the effect of chronic hypoxia on Ca(2+) signaling in the vascular smooth muscle, which is modulated by increased free radical production during the exposure to chronic hypoxia and further hyperoxia.

Topics: Animals; Calcium Signaling; Chronic Disease; Dinoprost; Hyperoxia; Hypoxia; In Vitro Techniques; Male; Myography; Pulmonary Artery; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Vasoconstriction; Vasoconstrictor Agents

We aimed to study the relationship between markers of oxidative lipid or protein damage and ventricular remodeling and the validity of 8-epi-prostaglandin F(2alpha) (8-epi-PGF(2alpha)) as an indicator of disease severity in patients with ischemic chronic heart failure (CHF).. We enrolled four groups of 12 patients with varying CHF according to the New York Heart Association (NYHA) classification and 25 controls. Urinary 8-epi-PGF(2alpha) and plasma malondialdehyde and protein thiol (P-SH) groups were correlated with echocardiographic indices of remodeling. The reliability of isoprostanes was analyzed by a receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve.. NYHA class III and IV patients exhibited elevated 8-epi-PGF(2alpha) levels, increased malondialdehyde concentrations and decreased P-SH groups when compared to controls and NYHA I and II patients. 8-Epi-PGF(2alpha) and P-SH groups correlated significantly with indices of remodeling. The ROC curve drawn for 8-epi-PGF(2alpha) allowed us to differentiate NYHA class III and IV patients from NYHA class I and II patients with a sensitivity of 95.8% and specificity of 95.8% (cut off 0.84 ng/mg creatinine; area under curve 0.99; P < 0.001).. Markers of oxidative damage are unlikely to play a significant role in early stages of CHF. However, they might become important in the course of CHF when their concentrations reach critical levels. Urinary 8-epi-PGF(2alpha) is a reliable indicator of symptomatic CHF.

Topics: Aged; Chronic Disease; Dinoprost; Disease Progression; Echocardiography; Female; Heart Failure; Humans; Isoprostanes; Lipids; Male; Malondialdehyde; Middle Aged; Oxidative Stress; Ventricular Remodeling

Xanthine oxidase (XO)-derived reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation contributes to experimental chronic hypoxic pulmonary hypertension in adults, but its role in neonatal pulmonary hypertension has received little attention. In rats chronically exposed to hypoxia (13% O(2)) for 14 days from birth, we examined the effects of ROS scavengers (U74389G 10 mg.kg(-1).day(-1) or Tempol 100 mg.kg(-1).day(-1) ip) or a XO inhibitor, Allopurinol (50 mg.kg(-1).day(-1) ip). Both ROS scavengers limited oxidative stress in the lung and attenuated hypoxia-induced vascular remodeling, confirming a critical role for ROS in this model. However, both interventions also significantly inhibited somatic growth and normal cellular proliferation in distal air spaces. Hypoxia-exposed pups had evidence of increased serum and lung XO activity, increased vascular XO-derived superoxide production, and vascular nitrotyrosine formation. These changes were all prevented by treatment with Allopurinol, which also attenuated hypoxia-induced vascular remodeling and partially reversed inhibited endothelium-dependent arterial relaxation, without affecting normal growth and proliferation. Collectively, our findings suggest that XO-derived superoxide induces endothelial dysfunction, thus impairing pulmonary arterial relaxation, and contributes to vascular remodeling in hypoxia-exposed neonatal rats. Due to the potential for adverse effects on normal growth, targeting XO may represent a superior "antioxidant" strategy to ROS scavengers for neonates with pulmonary hypertension.

Topics: Acetylcholine; Allopurinol; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Cell Proliferation; Chronic Disease; Cyclic N-Oxides; Dinoprost; Free Radical Scavengers; Hypertension, Pulmonary; Hypertrophy, Right Ventricular; Hypoxia; In Vitro Techniques; Lung; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III; Organ Size; Oxidative Stress; Pregnatrienes; Pulmonary Artery; Rats; Reactive Oxygen Species; Spin Labels; Superoxides; Time Factors; Xanthine Oxidase

The aim of this study was to contribute to the knowledge concerning pathogenesis of inflammatory chronic prostatitis by revealing possible shifts in the balance of markers of oxidative stress and anti-oxidative activity in case of leucocytospermic prostatitis. We also attempted to identify possible relations between seminal micro-organisms and oxidative stress parameters. A many-sided complex of local (spermatozoa, seminal plasma) and general (blood, urine) markers in 21 prostatitis patients and nine controls was compared. In both spermatozoa and seminal plasma, the content of diene conjugates was significantly higher in prostatitis patients compared with healthy controls. At the same time total anti-oxidative status in spermatozoa and total anti-oxidative activity in seminal plasma were lower in prostatitis patients than in controls. In urine, the level of 8-isoprostanes was significantly higher in prostatitis patients than in healthy controls, correlating well with 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine. The latter correlated with cellular Fe and Ni contents as well, confirming that these metals with varying valency may cause DNA damage. Reduced glutathione showed higher levels in blood of controls than in prostatitis patients. Coryneform bacteria appeared to be associated with prostatitis-related oxidative stress. In conclusion, leucocytospermic prostatitis patients are characterised by oxidative stress at all levels: systemic (general), seminal plasma and cellular.

Topics: 8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine; Adult; Ascorbic Acid; Case-Control Studies; Chronic Disease; Corynebacterium; Deoxyguanosine; Dinoprost; Glutathione; Humans; Interleukin-6; Leukocytes; Male; Metals; Oxidation-Reduction; Oxidative Stress; Prospective Studies; Prostatitis; Reactive Oxygen Species; Semen; Spermatozoa

Experiments were designed to test the hypothesis that antioxidant treatment would increase the anti-hypertensive actions of endogenous kinins during angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition. Four groups of rats, all given angiotensin II (Ang II) for 2 weeks, were studied: 1) control, 2) enalapril, 3) tempol or 4) both tempol and enalapril. Ang II significantly increased systolic blood pressure (BP) when compared with the baseline (170+/-8 vs. 128+/-4 mm Hg, P<0.05). Neither enalapril nor tempol alone was able to attenuate the elevation in BP (165+/-7 and 164+/-6 mm Hg, respectively). In contrast, combined administration of tempol and enalapril prevented the increase in BP (137+/-5 mm Hg). Plasma 8-isoprostane increased in Ang II-infused rats when compared with control untreated rats (69+/-14 vs. 23+/-0.5 pg/ml, P<0.05). Tempol alone or tempol plus enalapril significantly attenuated the increase in plasma 8-isoprostane (29+/-6 and 34+/-7 pg/ml, respectively). In additional experiments, we used the bradykinin B(2) antagonist, icatibant to determine if increased B(2) receptor contributes to the anti-hypertensive effect of combined tempol and enalapril in Ang II-infused rats. Icatibant decreased the ability of this combination to lower arterial pressure. Additionally, a significant increase in B(1) receptor protein expression in renal cortex of Ang II-infused rats was observed compared to control suggesting that bradykinin receptor activation could account for the effect of enalapril to enhance the actions of tempol. These data support the hypothesis that combined reduction of superoxide along with enhanced endogenous kinins may facilitate blood pressure lowering in Ang II hypertension.

Topics: Angiotensin II; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; Animals; Antihypertensive Agents; Antioxidants; Blood Pressure; Bradykinin; Chronic Disease; Cyclic N-Oxides; Dinoprost; Disease Models, Animal; Drug Synergism; Drug Therapy, Combination; Enalapril; Hydrogen Peroxide; Hypertension; Male; Oxidative Stress; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, Bradykinin; Spin Labels; Superoxides; Time Factors

Chronic constipation due to slow transit (STC) is more common in female than in male patients. We have previously shown that these gender differences may be due to over expression of progesterone (PG) receptors that alter G protein patterns. We sought to elucidate the mechanisms responsible for the impaired basal colonic motility in female patients with STC.. Muscle tissues from females with STC and controls with adeno-carcinoma of the colon were studied. Prostaglandins were determined by immunoassay, COX enzymes by Western blot and COX enzymes and progesterone receptors mRNA by RT-PCR.. STC patients had impaired colonic motility index, lower TxA(2) and PGF(2) and higher PGE(2) levels than controls. STC had lower COX-1 protein and mRNA levels and higher COX-2 protein and mRNA levels than controls. These abnormalities were reproduced in normal colonic muscle cells treated with PG for 6 h. STC patients had higher PG receptor protein expression and mRNA levels than controls suggesting over expression of these receptors.. These findings suggest that the impaired motility index of STC is due to abnormal levels of prostaglandin and COX enzymes, probably caused by an over expression of PG receptors that make muscle cells more sensitive to circulating levels of PG.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Case-Control Studies; Chronic Disease; Colon; Constipation; Cyclooxygenase 1; Cyclooxygenase 2; Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors; Dinoprost; Dinoprostone; Female; Gastrointestinal Motility; Gastrointestinal Transit; Humans; Membrane Proteins; Middle Aged; Muscle, Smooth; Nitrobenzenes; Progesterone; Prostaglandins; Pyrazoles; Receptors, Progesterone; RNA, Messenger; Sulfonamides; Thromboxane A2; Up-Regulation

Glycemic disorders, one of the main risk factors for cardiovascular disease, are associated with activation of oxidative stress.. To assess the respective contributions of sustained chronic hyperglycemia and of acute glucose fluctuations to oxidative stress in type 2 diabetes.. Case-control study of 21 patients with type 2 diabetes (studied 2003-2005) compared with 21 age- and sex-matched controls (studied in 2001) in Montpellier, France.. Oxidative stress, estimated from 24-hour urinary excretion rates of free 8-iso prostaglandin F2alpha (8-iso PGF2alpha). Assessment of glucose fluctuations was obtained from continuous glucose monitoring system data by calculating the mean amplitude of glycemic excursions (MAGE). Postprandial contribution to glycemic instability was assessed by determining the postprandial increment of glucose level above preprandial values (mean postprandial incremental area under the curve [AUCpp]). Long-term exposure to glucose was estimated from hemoglobin A1c, from fasting glucose levels, and from mean glucose concentrations over a 24-hour period.. Mean (SD) urinary 8-iso PGF2alpha excretion rates were higher in the 21 patients with diabetes (482 [206] pg/mg of creatinine) compared with controls (275 [85] pg/mg of creatinine). In univariate analysis, only MAGE (r = 0.86; P<.001) and AUCpp (r = 0.55; P = .009) showed significant correlations with urinary 8-iso PGF2alpha excretion rates. Relationships between 8-iso PGF2alpha excretion rates and either MAGE or AUCpp remained significant after adjustment for the other markers of diabetic control in multiple linear regression analysis (multiple R2 = 0.72 for the model including MAGE and multiple R2 = 0.41 for the model including AUCpp). Standardized regression coefficients were 0.830 (P<.001) for MAGE and 0.700 (P = .003) for AUCpp.. Glucose fluctuations during postprandial periods and, more generally, during glucose swings exhibited a more specific triggering effect on oxidative stress than chronic sustained hyperglycemia. The present data suggest that interventional trials in type 2 diabetes should target not only hemoglobin A1c and mean glucose concentrations but also acute glucose swings.

Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Case-Control Studies; Chronic Disease; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dinoprost; Female; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Hyperglycemia; Linear Models; Male; Middle Aged; Oxidative Stress

Chronic oxygen exposure in the newborn rat results in lung isoprostane formation, which may contribute to the pulmonary hypertension evident in this animal model. The purpose of this study was to investigate the pulmonary arterial smooth muscle responses to 8-iso-prostaglandin F(2alpha) (8-iso-PGF(2a)) in newborn rats exposed to 60% O2 for 14 days. Because, in the adult rat, 8-iso-PGF(2alpha) may have a relaxant effect, mediated by nitric oxide (NO), we also sought to evaluate the pulmonary arterial NO synthase (NOS) protein content and NO release in the newborn exposed to chronic hyperoxia. Compared with air-exposed control animals, 8-iso-PGF(2a) induced a significantly greater force (P < 0.01) and reduced (P < 0.01) relaxation of precontracted pulmonary arteries in the 60% O2-treated animals. These changes were reproduced in control pulmonary arteries by NOS blockade by using NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester. Pulmonary arterial endothelial NOS was unaltered, but the inducible NOS protein content was significantly decreased (P < 0.01) in the experimental group. Pulmonary (P < 0.05) and aortic (P < 0.01) tissue ex vivo NO accumulation was significantly reduced in the 60% O2-treated animals. We speculate that impaired pulmonary vascular tissue NO metabolism after chronic O2 exposure potentiates 8-iso-PGF(2alpha)-induced vasoconstriction in the newborn rat, thus contributing to pulmonary hypertension.

Topics: Animals; Animals, Newborn; Chronic Disease; Dinoprost; Female; Hyperoxia; Hypertension, Pulmonary; Isoprostanes; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular; Nitric Oxide; Nitric Oxide Synthase; Oxygen; Pregnancy; Pulmonary Artery; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Vasoconstrictor Agents

8-Isoprostaglandin F2alpha is one of a series of isoprostanes formed by free radical catalysed peroxidation of arachidonic acid. Urinary 8-isoprostaglandin F2alpha is a new marker which reflects oxidative stress in vivo and can be utilized as a diagnostic tool to assess the extent of oxidative stress in various disease states associated with lipid peroxidation. Increased levels of 8-isoprostaglandin F2alpha in cardiac ischemia/reperfusion provide evidence for oxidative stress during coronary perfusion. In animal studies, the restoration of blood flow after lower limb ischemia is followed by reperfusion syndrome. In this study we investigated whether lower limb ischemia/reperfusion is associated with oxidative stress, as reflected by urinary levels of 8-isoprostaglandin F2alpha. Ten patients (mean age 72 years, range 61-82 years) suffering from chronic lower limb ischemia and 10 healthy volunteers (mean age 69 years, range 60-79 years) participated in the study. In all patients, diagnostic angiography had revealed stenosis or occlusion either in the aortoiliac or femoropopliteal region. Surgical revascularization consisted of femoropopliteal reconstruction, femorofemoral reconstruction, aortobifemorial reconstruction, or femoral endartectomy. Urine samples from patients were collected a day before surgery and in the second postoperative day. Urinary 8-isoprostaglandin F2alpha was extracted on a C2 silica cartridge and determinated by radioimmunoassay. After revascularization, 8-isoprostaglandin F2alpha excretion (pg/micromol creatinine, mean +/- SD) was decreased by 2.5-fold (preoperative 48.9 +/- 8.9, postoperative 19.1 +/- 9.5, P < 0.001). The postoperative values were similar to the concentrations measured in healthy volunteers (18.0 +/- 11.0). All revascularizations were successful, and the increase in ankle-brachial index (preoperative 0-0.6, postoperative 0.4-0.8) revealed improved blood flow in the ischemic lower limb. We suggest that, as assessed by the quantitation of urinary 8-isoprostaglandin F2alpha, chronic lower limb ischemia is associated with increased oxidative stress, which is decreased by revascularization.

Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Chronic Disease; Dinoprost; Female; Free Radical Scavengers; Humans; Ischemia; Lower Extremity; Male; Middle Aged; Myocardial Revascularization; Oxidative Stress; Radioimmunoassay

Recent reports have indicated that endothelin-induced vasoconstriction in isolated aortic vascular rings may be mediated by the production of superoxide anion. The purpose of this study was to determine the role of superoxide anion in mediating the chronic renal and hypertensive actions of endothelin. Endothelin-1 (5 pmol/kg per minute) was chronically infused into the jugular vein by use of mini-osmotic pump for 9 days in male Sprague-Dawley rats and in rats treated with the superoxide anion scavenger tempol (30 mg/kg per day). Mean arterial pressure in the endothelin-1-treated rats was 141+/-3 mm Hg, compared with 125+/-2 mm Hg in control rats. Endothelin-1 increased renal vascular resistance (15.3+/-2.5 versus 10+/-1.3 mm Hg/mL per minute) and decreased renal plasma flow (6.5+/-0.9 versus 8.7+/-0.7 mL/min) in control rats. Endothelin-1 also significantly increased TBARS in the kidney and urinary 8-isoprostaglandin F2alpha excretion. The increase in arterial pressure in response to endothelin-1 was completely abolished by tempol (127+/-4 versus 127+/-4 mm Hg). Tempol also markedly attenuated the renal plasma flow and renal vascular resistance response to endothelin-1. Tempol also significantly decreased the level of 8-isoprostaglandin F2alpha in the endothelin-1-treated rats. Tempol had no effect on arterial pressure or renal hemodynamics in control rats. These data indicate that formation of reactive oxygen species may play an important role in mediating hypertension induced by chronic elevations in endothelin.

Topics: Animals; Cells, Cultured; Chronic Disease; Cyclic N-Oxides; Dinoprost; Endothelin-1; F2-Isoprostanes; Free Radical Scavengers; Hemodynamics; Hypertension; Kidney; Male; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Reactive Oxygen Species; Spin Labels; Superoxides; Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances; Vasoconstrictor Agents

The purpose of this study was to determine differences in iron and iron protein (ferritin and transferrin) levels in chronic venous ulcers and acute wounds. The deleterious effect of iron in free-radical-induced tissue damage was indirectly examined by assessing 8-isoprostane levels and antioxidant status in wound fluid samples. Wound fluid samples from chronic leg ulcers in nonhealing and healing phases and wound fluid from mastectomy wounds were assayed for ferritin, transferrin, total iron, 8-isoprostane, and total antioxidant status. Immunohistochemistry and Perls' staining were performed on paired biopsies from chronic leg ulcers and on normal skin biopsies. Chronic wound fluid had significantly greater levels of ferritin (p < 0.05) and lower levels of transferrin (p < 0.001) than acute wound fluid and there was a significant reduction in the level of ferritin in healing compared to nonhealing chronic leg ulcers (p < 0.05). No significant differences were observed in the levels of total iron present in the wound fluids. Histologic staining showed consistently more ferritin and ferric iron in chronic wound tissue than in normal skin. Elevated levels of 8-isoprostane and antioxidants were observed for chronic wound fluid compared to acute wound fluid (p < 0.001). These results suggest the existence of an environment of oxidative stress in chronic wounds and the likely contribution of iron to exacerbating tissue damage and delaying healing in these wounds.

Topics: Acute Disease; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Antioxidants; Biopsy; Chronic Disease; Dinoprost; Extracellular Fluid; F2-Isoprostanes; Female; Ferritins; Ferrozine; Humans; Indicators and Reagents; Iron; Lipid Peroxidation; Male; Middle Aged; Oxidative Stress; Transferrin; Varicose Ulcer

The contractile activity of the isolated myometrium of pregnant women with mycoplasma, chlamydia and mixed infections has been studied by pharmacological organ bath method. We found that mycoplasma infection decreased while chlamydia or mixed infection increased myometrium contraction evoked by oxytocin or prostaglandin F2alpha. The results of this study could be important for the prediction of possible complications during pregnancy and labour in women with chronic specific urogenital infections.

Topics: Chlamydia Infections; Chronic Disease; Dinoprost; Down-Regulation; Female; Histamine; Humans; Mycoplasma Infections; Myometrium; Organ Culture Techniques; Oxytocin; Potassium Chloride; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious; Up-Regulation; Uterine Contraction

In heaves-affected horses the relation between oxidant status, airway inflammation (AI) and pulmonary function (PF) is unknown. The oxidant status of blood and pulmonary epithelial lining fluid (PELF) of healthy (H, n = 6) and heaves-affected horses in clinical remission (REM, n = 6) and in crisis (CR, n = 7) was assessed at rest, during and after standardised exercise test by measurement of reduced and oxidised glutathione, glutathione redox ratio [GRR%]; uric acid and 8-epi-PGF2alpha. Oxidant status was related to PF parameters (mechanics of breathing and arterial blood gas tension) and Al parameters (bronchoalveolar lavage [BAL] neutrophil % and AI score). Haemolysate glutathione was significantly different between groups and was correlated with PF and AI parameters; GRR in PELF was increased during CR and was correlated with PF and AI parameters. Exercise induced an increase of plasma uric acid that was significantly higher both in REM and CR. PELF 8-epi-PGF2alpha was significantly increased in CR and correlated with PF and AI parameters. These results suggest that oxidative stress occurring in heaves is correlated with PF and AI and may be locally assessed by PELF glutathione status, uric acid and 8-epi-PGF2alpha. Systemic repercussions are reflected by assay of GSH in resting horses and by uric acid in exercising horses.

Topics: Animals; Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid; Chronic Disease; Dinoprost; F2-Isoprostanes; Glutathione; Glutathione Disulfide; Horse Diseases; Horses; Inflammation; Lung; Neutrophils; Oxidation-Reduction; Physical Conditioning, Animal; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive; Respiratory Function Tests; Uric Acid

Sixty-seven adolescents suffering from duodenal ulcer (DU) were studied for the level of prostaglandins (PG) E and P2 alpha in the gastric juice and blood plasma depending on the condition of the gastric juice hydrochloric acid secretion and phase of the disease. There were no significant differences in PG content in adolescents with hyper- and normal acidity or subacidity. During the stage of aggravation PG level gets significantly increased and remains somewhat elevated during remission. We suggest that in DU adolescents there is a relative deficiency of endogenous PG that affects resistance of gastric and duodenal mucosa, which event might promote ulceration even with normal secretion of gastric juice. These considerations should be taken account of in conducting a therapy.

Topics: Adolescent; Chronic Disease; Dinoprost; Duodenal Ulcer; Female; Gastric Acidity Determination; Gastric Juice; Gastric Mucosa; Humans; Male; Prostaglandins E

Neonatal pulmonary hypertension is associated with increased pulmonary vascular reactivity. We studied the responses of isolated porcine intrapulmonary arteries after exposure of piglets to chronic hypobaric hypoxia (CHH) from 0 to 2.5, 3 to 6, or 14 to 17 days of age. CHH inhibited the postnatal development of endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation to acetylcholine (ACh) and the calcium ionophore A-23187. Basal accumulation of guanosine 3', 5'-cyclic monophosphate (cGMP) was unaffected, but cGMP response to ACh was inhibited. Endothelium-independent relaxation to nitric oxide (NO) and zaprinast (a phosphodiesterase inhibitor) was also inhibited, but cGMP accumulation in response to these agonists was normal. The ability of sodium nitroprusside (SNP) to cause vasorelaxation and increase cGMP accumulation was unaffected. Contractile responses to potassium chloride and prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha) were similar to normal after exposure from birth and 3 days and were decreased in the older group, but the ability of NG-monomethyl-L-arginine acetate to increase PGF2 alpha-induced contractions decreased. Thus exposure of newborn piglets to CHH causes 1) no increase in contractile responses and 2) impairment of endothelium-dependent and -independent relaxation by impairing signal transduction mechanisms involved in the release of NO and the effectiveness of cGMP.

Topics: Acetylcholine; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Atmospheric Pressure; Calcimycin; Chronic Disease; Cyclic GMP; Dinoprost; Endothelium, Vascular; Heart; Hypertension, Pulmonary; Hypoxia; In Vitro Techniques; Nitric Oxide; omega-N-Methylarginine; Potassium Chloride; Pulmonary Artery; Purinones; Swine; Vasodilation; Vasomotor System

Topics: 6-Ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha; Adolescent; Child; Child, Preschool; Chronic Disease; Dinoprost; Dinoprostone; Female; Humans; Hydronephrosis; Male; Prostaglandins; Pyelonephritis; Reference Values; Renin; Sodium; Thromboxane B2; Vesico-Ureteral Reflux

The PGE2, PGF2 alpha, PGI2, and TXB2 content in biopsies of healthy esophageal mucosa and inflamed mucosa and from subjects with chronic esophagitis was measured and statistically analyzed. No significant differences were found between the tissue concentrations of prostaglandins in the inflamed and the healthy mucosa, except for elevated PGI2 content in the inflamed esophageal mucosa in comparison to healthy mucosa. The prostaglandin content of jejunal mucosa was unchanged in jejunitis and in atrophy compared to findings in healthy subjects. Regression analysis revealed a significant negative correlation between the PGF2 alpha and PGI2 content in both inflamed esophageal and inflamed jejunal mucosa. In healthy mucosa, no correlation was found between the tissue concentrations of these two prostaglandins, either in the esophagus or in the jejunum. These results suggest the redistribution of cyclic endoperoxide metabolism under certain pathological conditions.

Topics: Analysis of Variance; Biopsy; Chronic Disease; Dinoprost; Dinoprostone; Epoprostenol; Esophagitis; Humans; Intestinal Mucosa; Jejunal Diseases; Linear Models; Mucous Membrane; Prostaglandins; Thromboxane B2

The amount of prostaglandins (PD) E, F2 alpha and I2 (measured as 6-keto-Pg F1 alpha) in endoscopic biopsy specimens of gastric corpus' mucosa also as the concentration of Pg E and F2 in gastric juice of cirrhotic patients without or with gastric and duodenal ulcer were measured by radioimmunoassay. Release of Pgs with gastric juice (in the basal state and after histamine stimulation) was also significantly less in these patients. It was concluded that the severe disturbance of endogenous biosynthesis Pgs in gastroduodenal mucus of cirrhotic patients may play an important role in the development of ulcer disease in these patients.

Topics: Biopsy; Chronic Disease; Dinoprost; Duodenal Ulcer; Gastric Juice; Gastric Mucosa; Humans; Liver Cirrhosis; Peptic Ulcer; Prostaglandins; Prostaglandins E; Radioimmunoassay; Stomach Ulcer

We previously suggested that activation of the protein kinase C-mediated contractile system may participate in the occurrence of chronic cerebral vasospasm. In the present study, we compared segments of normal beagle basilar arteries in vitro with segments of arteries undergoing chronic vasospasm to determine the responsiveness to various agonists such as serotonin, prostaglandin F2 alpha, and phorbol 12,13-diacetate as well as to external Ca2+. We also compared the effects of W-7 (a calmodulin inhibitor), nicardipine (a calcium channel blocker), and H-7 (a protein kinase C inhibitor) on the spontaneous tonus of arterial segments stabilized at a resting tension of 3 g. Compared with normal segments, the responsiveness to each agonist in segments undergoing vasospasm was essentially unchanged whereas the the responsiveness to external Ca2+ was significantly decreased (p less than 0.001). In segments undergoing vasospasm the decrease in resting tension induced by W-7 was markedly diminished (p less than 0.01), that induced by nicardipine was unchanged, and that induced by H-7 was significantly increased (p less than 0.01). Our results indicate that spontaneous tonus due to activation of the protein kinase C system is significantly augmented in segments undergoing vasospasm. Thus this system, rather than the Ca2+/calmodulin system, appears to play a major role in the occurrence of chronic vasospasm.

Topics: 1-(5-Isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-Methylpiperazine; Animals; Basilar Artery; Chronic Disease; Dinoprost; Dogs; Enzyme Activation; In Vitro Techniques; Ischemic Attack, Transient; Isoquinolines; Muscle Contraction; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular; Nicardipine; Phorbol Esters; Piperazines; Protein Kinase C; Protein Kinase Inhibitors; Serotonin; Subarachnoid Hemorrhage; Sulfonamides

In patients with functional disorders of the stomach and chronic gastroduodenitis, the content of cellular bioregulaters (prostaglandins) in the blood and gastric mucosa was abnormal. The revealed alterations may give rise to a reduction of mucosal resistance because of cytoprotection weakening and derangement of the control over gastric secretion. The data obtained make great contributions to our concepts of the pathogenesis of gastroduodenal pathology and children and provide evidence for new approaches to its prevention and treatment.

Topics: Adolescent; Child; Child, Preschool; Chronic Disease; Dinoprost; Dinoprostone; Duodenitis; Gastric Acid; Gastric Mucosa; Gastritis; Gastroenteritis; Humans

Plasma prostaglandins have been studied in 306 patients with chronic nonspecific ulcerative colitis. These were found elevated and related to the disease gravity. Treatment succeeded in normalizing prostaglandin, concentrations only in mild ulcerative colitis. In catarrhal pancolitis PGE levels moderately increased before treatment returned to normal at the end of it. In spastic colon pretreatment lack of PGF2 alpha persisted. Evaluation of plasma prostaglandins can serve an additional diagnostic procedure to improve pathogenetic therapy of chronic colitis.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Chronic Disease; Colitis; Dinoprost; Humans; Middle Aged; Prednisolone; Prostaglandins E; Severity of Illness Index; Sulfasalazine

A study was made of the effect of copper laser therapy on the content of PGE and PGF2 alpha and on the adenylate cyclase system (cAMP, cGMP and adenylate cyclase content) in patients with gastric ulcer. Seventy patients with indolent (from 3 months to 2 years) gastric ulcers were examined. The patients were assigned into 2 groups: group I received drug therapy combined with the influence of laser on copper vapours on the ulcerous surface (a single radiation dose 10 to 15 J). As compared to group I, the patients of group II manifested a considerable rise of the content of cAMP and prostaglandins, as well as adenylate cyclase activation in the gastric mucosa. Nonspecific biostimulating action of laser radiation exercised via the influence on the dysregenerative processes in the epitheliocytes of long nonhealing ulcer edges is under discussion.

Topics: Adenylyl Cyclases; Adult; Chronic Disease; Combined Modality Therapy; Dinoprost; Dinoprostone; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Gastric Mucosa; Gastroscopy; Humans; Laser Therapy; Male; Middle Aged; Stomach Ulcer; Wound Healing

The content of prostaglandins E(PGE) and prostaglandins F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha) was studied in 32 patients with different morphological forms of chronic gastritis at the stage of exacerbation before and after treatment. The PGE content was increased and the PGF2 alpha level was reduced. At the beginning of remission the PGE level was reduced. At the beginning of remission the PGE level decreased as compared with findings before the beginning of treatment while the content of PGF2 alpha did not show essential changes.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Chronic Disease; Dinoprost; Female; Gastritis; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Prostaglandins E; Remission Induction

The content of pancreatic enzymes, cyclic nucleotides and prostaglandins (PG) in the duodenal contents was measured in 77 patients with chronic pancreatitis and in 20 healthy individuals. Pancreatitis exacerbation was attended by a decrease in enzymatic activity, in bicarbonate, cAMP and cGMP production. The content of PGE in pancreatic secretion remained normal, that of PGF2 alpha was elevated. Stimulation of the exocrine part of the pancreas by means of euphylline, pentagastrin and calcium was accompanied by the rise of the content of cyclic nucleotides rather than of PG. Suppression of enzymatic secretion by contrykal was followed by the reduction in the content of the cyclic nucleotides and PGE. The data suggest that cyclic nucleotides and PG are involved in the mechanism by which the external secretion of the pancreas is impaired in patients with chronic pancreatitis.

Topics: Adult; Amylases; Chronic Disease; Cyclic AMP; Cyclic GMP; Dinoprost; Female; Humans; Lipase; Male; Middle Aged; Pancreas; Pancreatic Juice; Pancreatitis; Prostaglandins E; Trypsin

A study of 179 patients with functional and organic diseases of the bile tract revealed that changes of the blood phospholipids and their spectra in the blood is observed at more early stages of the disease, functional pathology and that an increased PGE2/PGF2 indicates a deficit of polyunsaturated fatty acids and prevalence of the processes of break-up of prostaglandins over their synthesis.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Bile; Biliary Tract Diseases; Chronic Disease; Dinoprost; Dinoprostone; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Phospholipids

Otitis media with effusion (OME) is a common middle ear inflammatory disease in the pediatric population. This article determines concentrations of three functionally and metabolically distinct inflammatory mediators in middle ear effusions (MEE) and corresponding plasma of children with OME. One hundred two patients (mean age, 4.9 years) with persistent OME were studied. Middle ear effusions were collected from all subjects and plasma from a subset at the time of tympanostomy tube insertion. Histamine was assayed radioisotopically, 13,14-dihydro-15-keto-prostaglandin F2 alpha (stable PGF2 alpha metabolite) by radioimmunoassay, and neutrophil chemotactic factor of anaphylaxis by modified Boyden chamber. Mean MEE levels of the mediators (39 +/- 13 ng/mL, 462 +/- 179 pg/mL, and 264% +/- 57% positive control, respectively) were markedly higher than those of corresponding plasma (0.5 +/- 0.1 ng/mL, 285 +/- 127 pg/mL, and 47% +/- 5% positive control, respectively). The mean histamine content of mucoid effusions (43.2 +/- 56.9 ng/mL) was significantly higher than that of purulent (22.5 +/- 10.5 ng/mL) and serous (17.9 +/- 16.8 ng/mL) effusions. Higher histamine levels were observed in effusions positive for Haemophilus influenzae when compared with those with other pathogenic isolates. The high concentrations of these mediators in MEE and their potential for inducing or sustaining the inflammatory process supports a role in the pathogenesis of OME.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Chemotactic Factors; Child; Child, Preschool; Chronic Disease; Dinoprost; Haemophilus influenzae; Histamine; Humans; Infant; Inflammation; Interleukin-8; Otitis Media with Effusion; Prostaglandins F

Bone resorption is a common finding in chronic otitis media with or without cholesteatoma. The etiology of bone resorption in chronic otitis media is still not clear. Bone-resorbing activity of prostaglandins (PGs) has been well known. PGE-like material has been detected in granulation tissue. However, there have been no reports on the comprehensive study of PGs in cholesteatomas or granulation tissue. The purpose of this study is to show that PGs are synthesized in the middle ear tissue and to report concentrations of PGs in cholesteatomas and granulation tissue. Samples of cholesteatoma and granulation tissues were obtained at the time of tympanomastoidectomies. Prostaglandin synthesizing activity was determined by incubating tissue with labeled arachidonic acid (precursor of PGs) and radiochromatography. Levels of PGs were determined by radioimmunoassay. Arachidonic acid metabolites produced in cholesteatoma and granulation tissue included PGE2; 6-keto-PGF1 alpha; PGF2 alpha; PGD2; and 5-, 12-, and 15-hydroxy-eicosatetraenoic acid (HETE). Levels of PGE2 were 2.6 times higher in cholesteatoma (106.8 +/- 46 ng/g) than in granulation tissue (41.0 +/- 14.3 ng/g). Levels of 6-keto-PGF1 alpha were two times higher in granulation tissue (89.0 +/- 27.0 ng/g) than in cholesteatoma. Levels of thromboxane B2 were two times higher in cholesteatoma than in granulation tissue. The results of this study demonstrate that cholesteatoma and granulation tissues actively synthesize PGs and contain high concentrations of them. Since PGs are locally active hormones, the presence of PGs indicates an active role for PGs in the pathogenesis of chronic otitis media with bone resorption.

Topics: 6-Ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha; Bone Resorption; Cholesteatoma; Chronic Disease; Dinoprost; Dinoprostone; Granulation Tissue; Humans; Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic Acids; Otitis Media; Prostaglandins; Thromboxane B2

The effects of curantyl (dipiridamole) on the excretion of prostaglandins E2 and F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha and PGF2 alpha) and renal hemodynamics (RHD) were studied in patients with hypertensive nephritis in an acute test and during prolonged (up to 21 mos) single-agent therapy. In the acute test curantyl increased PG excretion in 15 out of 18 patients by 86.8 +/- 17.6%, mainly at the expense of PGE2 (133.2 +/- 33.1%), and renal blood flow in 11 out of 12 patients by 32.1 +/- 7.7%. During prolonged therapy curantyl also raised PGE2 excretion and improved RHD (raised renal blood flow, glomerular filtration and decreased renal vascular resistance). Besides, during prolonged single-agent therapy curantyl reduced renin plasma activity, increased circulating blood volume, insignificantly reduced BP, and possessed an antiproteinuric and antihematuric effect. It is concluded that curantyl can stimulate PG renal biosynthesis improving RHD in hypertensive nephritis that can have a beneficial effect on a course of this disease.

Topics: Adult; Chronic Disease; Dinoprost; Dinoprostone; Dipyridamole; Female; Glomerulonephritis; Hemodynamics; Humans; Kidney; Male; Middle Aged; Renal Circulation

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Autoantibodies; Chronic Disease; Dermatitis, Atopic; Dinoprost; Female; Histamine; Humans; Immunoglobulin G; Immunoglobulin M; Male

A study of prostaglandins (PGE2 and PGF2) and cyclic nucleotides (cAMP, cGMP) in the blood and gastric mucosa biopsies was carried out. In peptic ulcer the level of cyclic nucleotides in the blood and gastric mucosa was on an increase. The level of prostaglandins increased in the blood and decreased in the gastric mucosa. A decrease in the level of prostaglandins and cAMP in the blood and gastric mucosa was noted in patients with chronic atrophic histamine refractory gastritis with a simultaneous rise of the cAMP level. It was shown that stable stimulation of cyclic nucleotides resulting in an increase of gastric acid production, might cause ulcer development and exacerbation of disease. In patients with chronic atrophic gastritis changes of prostaglandins and cyclic nucleotides as compared to those in patients with peptic ulcer, were contrary.

Topics: Achlorhydria; Adolescent; Adult; Chronic Disease; Dinoprost; Dinoprostone; Gastric Mucosa; Gastritis; Humans; Middle Aged; Nucleotides, Cyclic; Peptic Ulcer; Prostaglandins E; Prostaglandins F

Topics: Adolescent; Blood Platelets; Child; Child, Preschool; Chronic Disease; Dinoprost; Dinoprostone; Humans; Platelet Aggregation; Prostaglandins E; Prostaglandins F; Purpura, Thrombocytopenic

Topics: Adolescent; Child; Child, Preschool; Chronic Disease; Dinoprost; Dinoprostone; Humans; Prostaglandins E; Prostaglandins F; Pyelonephritis

To investigate the role of renal prostaglandins (PGs) in the evolution of kidney parenchymal disease, PGE2 and PGF2a excretion rates were measured in 62 subjects (22 control subjects, 24 patients with different forms of nephropathy and varying degrees of renal failure, and 16 patients with end-stage kidney disease on chronic hemodialysis). Patients with kidney disease and severe renal failure (inulin clearance less than 25 ml/min) showed significant decreases in urinary PGE2 and PGF2a (p less than 0.05 for both PGs), and the values were markedly diminished in patients with end-stage renal failure on chronic hemodialysis. Conversely, in patients with nephropathy and normal renal function, urinary PGE2 was slightly elevated compared to age- and sex-matched control subjects. A significant correlation (r = 0.74, p less than 0.01) was found between inulin clearance and PGF2a in the group of 24 patients with chronic renal failure, both not between PGE2 and inulin clearance. These results indicate that except for patients at the early stage of kidney disease the renal excretion of PGE2 and PGF2a appears greatly diminished in parenchymal renal lesion with severe renal failure and in end-stage kidney disease. The latter phenomenon may be the consequence of diminished functional renal mass.

Topics: Chronic Disease; Dinoprost; Electrolytes; Female; Glomerular Filtration Rate; Humans; Inulin; Kidney; Kidney Diseases; Male; Metabolic Clearance Rate; Prostaglandins E; Prostaglandins F

Blood endogenous prostaglandins, E, F2 alpha, prostacyclin and thromboxane levels were measured in the ascending aorta and the coronary sinus of 32 patients (29 males and 3 females) with paroxysmal supraventricular arrhythmias (atrial fibrillation and supraventricular tachycardia) during the sinus rhythm and an arrhythmic paroxysm. Group 1 was made up by 22 patients with idiopathic cardiac rhythm disorders, and group 2 comprised 10 coronary patients with arrhythmias. A relationship was demonstrated between cardiac endogenous prostanoids balance and the clinical pattern of cardiac rhythm abnormality (duration and frequency of paroxysms) as well as changes in cardiac prostanoid rations associated with tachyarrhythmic paroxysms.

Topics: 6-Ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha; Adult; Chronic Disease; Coronary Disease; Dinoprost; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Prostaglandins; Prostaglandins E; Prostaglandins F; Tachycardia, Paroxysmal; Tachycardia, Supraventricular; Thromboxane B2

Some indices of T and B cellular immunity and content of PgE2 and PgF2 alpha in the peripheral blood plasma were studied in 70 patients with coronary heart disease and in 22 patients with rheumatic disease complicated by chronic cardiac failure. It was revealed that increase in PgE2 and PgF2 alpha levels was accompanied by changes in T cells subpopulations. It is suggested that Pg-s can mediate changes of immunoregulatory lymphocyte functions in chronic cardiac insufficiency.

Topics: Adult; Aged; B-Lymphocytes; Chronic Disease; Coronary Artery Disease; Dinoprost; Dinoprostone; Female; Heart Failure; Humans; Immunity, Cellular; Male; Middle Aged; Prostaglandins E; Prostaglandins F; Rheumatic Heart Disease; T-Lymphocytes

We have examined the urinary excretion of stable immunoreactive eicosanoids in 23 female patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), 16 patients with chronic glomerular disease (CGD), and 20 healthy women. SLE patients had significantly higher urinary thromboxane B2 (TXB2) and prostaglandin (PG) E2 excretion and significantly lower 6-keto-PGF1 alpha than did healthy women. In contrast, CGD patients only differed from controls for having reduced 6-keto-PGF1 alpha excretion. The group of SLE patients with active renal lesions differed significantly from the group with inactive lesions for having a lower creatinine clearance and urinary 6-keto-PGF1 alpha and higher urinary TXB2. Higher urinary TXB2 excretion was associated with comparable platelet TXB2 production in whole blood, undetectable TXB2 in peripheral venous blood, and unchanged urinary excretion of 2,3-dinor-TXB2. A significant inverse correlation was found between urinary TXB2 and creatinine clearance rate (CCr). In contrast, the urinary excretion of 6-keto-PGF1 alpha showed a significant linear correlation with both CCr and para-aminohippurate clearance rate (CPAH). In four SLE and seven CGD patients, inhibition of renal cyclooxygenase activity by ibuprofen was associated with a significant reduction in urinary 6-keto-PGF1 alpha and TXB2 and in both CCr and CPAH. However, the average decrease in both clearances was 50% lower in SLE patients than in CGD patients, when fractionated by the reduction in urinary 6-keto-PGF1 alpha or PGE2 excretion. We conclude that the intrarenal synthesis of PGI2 and TXA2 is specifically altered in SLE. Such biochemical alterations are associated with changes in glomerular hemodynamics and may play a role in the progression of SLE nephropathy.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Blood Platelets; Chronic Disease; Dinoprost; Dinoprostone; Epoprostenol; Female; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Glomerulonephritis; Humans; Ibuprofen; Kidney; Kidney Function Tests; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic; Middle Aged; Prostaglandins E; Prostaglandins F; Radioimmunoassay; Thromboxane A2; Thromboxane B2

Peritoneal fluid obtained at laparoscopy from 49 women was measured for its content of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha), 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha (6-KF), and thromboxane B2 (TxB2) by specific radioimmunoassays. In normal women (n = 10), the concentrations of prostaglandins in peritoneal fluid were (mean +/- SE): PGE2 = 0.79 +/- 0.26, PGF2 alpha = 0.60 +/- 0.18, 6-KF = 0.48 +/- 0.19, and TxB2 = 0.23 +/- 0.09 ng/ml; in women with endometriosis (n = 16): PGE2 = 1.43 +/- 0.72, PGF2 alpha = 1.52 +/- 0.59, 6-KF = 3.32 +/- 0.71, and TxB2 = 1.14 +/- 0.69 ng/ml; in women with chronic pelvic inflammatory disease and/or obstructed tubes (n = 19): PGE2 = 1.94 +/- 1.04, PGF2 alpha = 1.20 +/- 0.61, 6-KF = 1.55 +/- 0.40, and TxB2 = 0.64 +/- 0.24 ng/ml; in women with pelvic pain without any visible pathologic condition (n = 4): PGE2 = 1.11 +/- 0.66, PGF2 alpha = 0.73 +/- 0.55, 6-KF = 1.35 +/- 0.35, and TxB2 = 0.39 +/- 0.17. The mean volumes of peritoneal fluid recovered were 10 to 16 ml and were not significantly different between the groups. Except for a significantly elevated concentration of 6-KF in the peritoneal fluid of women with endometriosis compared to normal women (p = less than 0.02), the prostaglandins measured did not differ significantly between the groups of women studied. The possible significance of elevated 6-KF in the peritoneal fluid of women with endometriosis is discussed.

Topics: 6-Ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha; Adolescent; Adult; Ascitic Fluid; Chronic Disease; Dinoprost; Dinoprostone; Endometriosis; Epoprostenol; Female; Humans; Pain; Pelvic Inflammatory Disease; Pelvis; Prostaglandins; Prostaglandins E; Prostaglandins F; Thromboxane A2

Topics: Adaptation, Physiological; Adult; Aged; Alprostadil; Chronic Disease; Coronary Disease; Dinoprost; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Myocardial Contraction; Prostaglandins A; Prostaglandins E; Prostaglandins F

Topics: Acute Disease; Child; Chronic Disease; Dinoprost; Dinoprostone; Glomerulonephritis; Humans; Prostaglandins E; Prostaglandins F

Chronic bronchitis was induced in 6 mongrel dogs by chronic exposure to SO2 gas; the degree of chronic airway obstruction and the effects on airway responsiveness to inhaled histamine, carbachol, and prostaglandin F2 alpha were examined. Five dogs developed chronic airway obstruction, as indicated by an increase in pulmonary resistance, and clinical mucous hypersecretion. In addition, in each of the animals in which chronic airway obstruction developed there was a decrease in the airway responsiveness to inhaled mediators. Those findings demonstrate that induction of chronic bronchitis in dogs results in hyporesponsiveness to inhaled mediators, a finding distinctly different from that reported in human subjects with naturally occurring disease.

Topics: Airway Resistance; Animals; Bronchitis; Carbachol; Chronic Disease; Dinoprost; Dogs; Histamine; Lung Compliance; Lung Diseases, Obstructive; Prostaglandins F; Sulfur Dioxide

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Alprostadil; Chronic Disease; Cyclic AMP; Diagnosis, Differential; Dinoprost; Female; Humans; Male; Medicine, Chinese Traditional; Medicine, East Asian Traditional; Middle Aged; Nephritis; Prostaglandins E; Prostaglandins F

The values of PGf2 alpha were studied in 20 renal patients with renal hypertension, with and without chronic renal insufficiency via a radioimmunologic method. A control group of 10 healthy volunteers wer used without data from arterial hypertension. Values (672.0 +/- 99.5 pg/ml), being, with statistically significant difference, increased as compared with the healthy volunteers (347.13 +/- 49.9 pg/ml) were found in renal patients with chronic renal insufficiency. With the advancement of CRI in patients with renal hypertension, PG concentration was also increased (505.5 +/- 77.6 pg/ml) but it was not significant as in the patients without CRI. The elevated values of PGF2+ alpha suggest their participation in the pathogenesis of renal hypertension.

Topics: Adult; Chronic Disease; Dinoprost; Female; Humans; Hypertension, Renal; Kidney Failure, Chronic; Male; Prostaglandins F; Pyelonephritis

The author studied the renin-angiotensin, and kallikrein-kinin systems and renal prostaglandins in patients with different stages of hypertension. The activity of plasma renin and the content to PG in the peripheral blood and the blood from the renal veins, PGE2 excretion, PGG2 and kallikrein in the urine have been studied. Overloads have been used, directed at the activation of the sympathetic nervous system. It is concluded that a functional rearrangement of the endocrine renal function exists in patients with the hypertensive disease, which is related to the development of defects in the control of one series of the humoral systems and to the compensatory changes in the others. The increase of extracellular volume is the reason of the functional endocrine changes in the kidney, which is shown by the results of studies after salt overloads.

Topics: Blood Pressure; Chronic Disease; Dinoprost; Dinoprostone; Humans; Hypertension; Juxtaglomerular Apparatus; Kallikreins; Kidney; Physical Exertion; Prostaglandins E; Prostaglandins F; Renin; Renin-Angiotensin System