dinoprost and Cat-Diseases

A distinguishing feature of the most common types of glaucoma is an increased intra-ocular pressure (IOP), which has a damaging effect on optic nerve axons, leading to the progressive loss of retinal ganglion cells. Therefore, IOP-lowering medications are the mainstay of glaucoma therapy. Topical prostaglandin F2 α analogs (PGAs) are a relatively new class of ocular hypotensive drugs, which have made a huge impact on the treatment of glaucoma in dogs. This study summarizes the current state of knowledge on the mechanism of action of these agents and their effect on IOP in dogs and cats. It also discusses potential harmful side effects of PGAs and presents contemporary opinions about their role and place in the medical management of glaucoma in small animals.

Topics: Administration, Topical; Animals; Cat Diseases; Cats; Dinoprost; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Glaucoma; Intraocular Pressure

Uterine disease induces PGF(2 alpha) increase in many animal species, which can be measured by the metabolite 15-keto-(13,14)-dihydro-PGF(2 alpha) (PGFM). Plasma PGFM levels are associated with severity of the uterine disease and presence of systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) in dogs. The objectives in this study were to investigate PGFM levels, presence of SIRS, and clinical and laboratory parameters in female cats as possible indicators for severity of uterine disease. In total, 7 female cats with pyometra, 2 with mucometra, 7 with cystic endometrial hyperplasia (CEH), and 14 healthy control cats were included. Physical examination, ovariohysterectomy, and histopathology were performed, laboratory parameters were analyzed, and PGFM levels were analyzed by radioimmunoassay. Analysis of variance, Fisher's exact test, Student's t-test and Pearson's product moment correlation coefficient were used for data analysis. In cats with pyometra, mean PGFM levels were increased (21.1 nmol L(-1)) but were decreased in cats with CEH (0.4 nmol L(-1)) compared with control cats (0.6 nmol L(-1)). In cats with mucometra, the mean PGFM level was 8.8 nmol L(-1). Systemic inflammatory response syndrome was present in 6 (85%) cats with pyometra, 1 cat with mucometra, and 1 cat with CEH. Hospitalization length was negatively correlated with albumin and positively correlated with total white blood cell count (WBC), neutrophils, band neutrophils (BN), percentage BN (PBN), and monocytes. Pyometra and mucometra were associated with increased plasma levels of PGFM. The parameters albumin, WBC, neutrophils, BN, PBN, and monocytes may be useful to determine morbidity as measured by hospitalization length.

Topics: Animals; Case-Control Studies; Cat Diseases; Cats; Dinoprost; Endometrial Hyperplasia; Female; Hospitals, Animal; Length of Stay; Physical Examination; Pyometra; Severity of Illness Index; Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome; Uterine Diseases

Treatment with prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha) was evaluated in 21 queens with open-cervix pyometra. The PGF2 alpha was administered (0.1 or 0.25 mg/kg of body weight, sc, q 12 to 24 h) for 3 or 5 days. Transient postinjection reactions caused by PGF2 alpha administration included vocalization, panting, restlessness, grooming, tenesmus, salivation, diarrhea, kneading, mydriasis, emesis, urination, and lordosis. Reactions began as quickly as 30 seconds after PGF2 alpha administration and lasted as long as 60 minutes. All queens improved clinically after PGF2 alpha treatment. One month after completion of the initial series, 1 queen required a second series of PGF2 alpha injections before pyometra resolved. Of 21 queens, 20 (95%) resumed normal estrous cycles without further treatment and 17 (81%) delivered normal litter(s). Use of PGF2 alpha is an acceptable treatment for open-cervix pyometra in queens.

Topics: Animals; Cat Diseases; Cats; Dinoprost; Estrus; Female; Injections, Subcutaneous; Leukocyte Count; Progesterone; Retrospective Studies; Uterine Diseases

The use of prostaglandin F2 alpha as an abortifacient and for the treatment of certain diseases affecting the reproductive system of the bitch and queen is reviewed. Doses of 0.5 to 1.0 mg/kg PGF administered by intramuscular or subcutaneous injection at intervals of 24 or 48 h after mid-gestation appears to be a satisfactory luteolytic-- abortifacient regime for use in dogs and cats. Doses of 0.25 to 0.5 mg/kg in the bitch and 0.5 to 1.0 mg/kg PGF in the queen, at intervals of 24 or 48 h, may be used as an adjunct to the therapy of metritis, endometritis or pyometritis. A median lethal dose of 5.13 mg/kg has been derived for use of PGF in the bitch and this is thought to be similar for use of PGF in the queen. Side effects of defecation and/or vomition may be observed in the bitch and queen using routine therapeutic doses.

Topics: Abortifacient Agents, Nonsteroidal; Abortion, Induced; Animals; Cat Diseases; Cats; Dinoprost; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Endometritis; Female; Luteolytic Agents; Pregnancy; Prostaglandins F

Topics: Animals; Breeding; Cat Diseases; Cats; Dinoprost; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Endometritis; Female; Prostaglandins F; Suppuration