dinoprost and Abortion--Spontaneous

This literature review, which describes the structure of myometrial muscle and the regulation of its contractility, cites research from 1971 to 1989. The functions of the myometrium and the cervix are interrelated and coordinated during pregnancy and labor. The structure of smooth muscle, by allowing contraction in any direction, permits the uterus to assume the shape and size necessary to accommodate the fetus. Myometrial smooth muscle cells communicate via gap junctions, which synchronize myometrial function via conduction of electrophysiological stimuli during labor. These junctions increase in number prior to labor. This is regulated by estrogen, progesterone, and prostaglandins (PGs). The structures of myosin and actin and their movement during contraction are described. Estrogen, via alpha adrenergic receptors, causes a decrease in cAMP levels. It also increases the number of oxytocin receptors. Progesterone, via beta adrenergic receptors, causes an increase in cAMP levels. While estrogen leads to increased production of PGF2alpha, progesterone stimulates the production of prostacyclin synthase, Mifepristone, which blocks progesterone at the receptor level, increases uterine activity and sensitivity to PG. Human amnion and chorion produce mainly PGE2. The decidua produces PGE2 and PGF2alpha. Prostaglandins induce uterine activity at all stages of gestation when they are administered exogenously. Their production by uterine tissues increases during pregnancy, as does their concentration in amniotic fluid and in maternal blood and urine. Their roles in labor, whether natural or induced, include the softening of the cervix, the induction of gap junctions, and the direct stimulation of myometrial contractions. Although PGE2 and PGF2alpha relax cervical smooth muscle, they contract the myometrium by acting as calcium ionophpores. The production of PGE2, PGF2alpha, and other eicosanoids by the fetoplacental production of PGE2, PGF2alpha, and other eicosanoids by the fetoplacental unit is related to increased contractile activity during labor. What is produced in the eiconsanoid pathway changes dynamically with the phases of the reproductive cycle and the local concentrations of enzymes. Because of the rise in arachidonic acid in amniotic fluid during labor, fetal membranes may be involved with the initiation of regular uterine contractions. In addition, any stimulus facilitating PGE2 synthesis in the fetal membrane (hypoxia, infection,

Topics: Abortion, Induced; Abortion, Spontaneous; Actins; Animals; Calcium Channels; Cyclic AMP; Dinoprost; Dinoprostone; Female; Humans; Labor, Obstetric; Myometrium; Myosin-Light-Chain Kinase; Myosins; Oxytocin; Pregnancy; Progesterone; Prostaglandins; Uterine Contraction

Medical abortions using mifepristone and misoprostol have been approved in many countries for early pregnancy loss. Despite its high success rate, this medication regimen can result in incomplete abortion, which is responsible for endometrial damage, prolonged uterine bleeding, abdominal pain, etc. Buxue Yimu Pills (BYP) is a famous Chinese medicine prescription that is widely used in the field of gynecology and obstetrics for treating patients with postpartum complications. However, the therapeutic effect and mechanism of BYP remain to be explored.. This study aimed to clarify the therapeutic effect and mechanism of action of BYP in postpartum complications using mifepristone and misoprostol-induced incomplete abortion in rats.. Experimental medical-induced incomplete abortion model rats were constructed using mifepristone and misoprostol, and further treated with saline or BYP by intragastric administration. Detailed information regarding the changes in mRNA and protein levels in the uterine tissues of rats regulated by BYP was illustrated by RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis and quantitative proteomics analysis. The differentially expressed genes and proteins were further subjected to Gene Ontology (GO) and pathway enrichment analyses and further verified using quantitative Real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis and western blot assay.. BYP administration markedly alleviated the increase in serum prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) and expression of PGF2α receptor (PGF2αR) in uterine tissues and inhibited the decrease in serum chorionic gonadotrophin (CG). Compared with the model group, 674 genes were upregulated and 344 genes were downregulated by BYP administration; 108 proteins were upregulated and 48 proteins were downregulated by BYP administration. qRT-PCR analysis of the uterine tissues showed that BYP treatment reversed the variation tendency of genes, including Mmp7, Mmp14, Timp2, Col6a4, Jak2, Wnt7a, and Mylk compared with the model group. Western blot analysis showed that BYP administration affected PKCδ, Collagen VI, MMP7, TIMP2, MLCK, and p-MLC protein levels.. BYP administration facilitated uterine recovery in medical-induced incomplete abortion rats, and this therapeutic effect involved various targets and biological processes, including the TIMP2/MMP7 and MLCK/p-MLC signaling pathways, etc.

Topics: Abortion, Incomplete; Abortion, Induced; Abortion, Spontaneous; Animals; Dinoprost; Female; Matrix Metalloproteinase 7; Mifepristone; Misoprostol; Pregnancy; Proteomics; Rats; Transcriptome

Human exposure to environmental chemicals might play a role in the pathogenesis of unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion (URSA). Bisphenol A (BPA) and bisphenol S (BPS) have been suggested to affect reproductive health. However, the mechanism remains unclear. To explore the association between BPA and BPS exposure and oxidative stress and immune homeostasis, we conducted a cross-sectional study and revealed BPA and BPS levels in relation to these two factors which were supposed to be implicated in miscarriage. 111 URSA patients were recruited and we analyzed urinary BPA and BPS concentrations, oxidative stress biomarkers (8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine and 8-isoprostane) and serum immune balance biomarkers (IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12p70, IL-13, TNF-α, TGF-β and IFN-γ). Multivariable linear regression models were used to evaluate the correlation between bisphenols exposure and outcome biomarkers. After adjustment for age, BMI, menstrual cycle, and parity history, creatinine-adjusted BPA was significantly associated with increases in 8-isoprostane (β = 0.74, 95% CI = 0.07, 1.41; p = 0.031) and IFN-γ (β = 0.18, 95% CI = 0.00, 0.36; p = 0.046). No statistical correlation between BPS and biomarkers of oxidative stress or immune balance was observed when all participants were analyzed. Further analysis revealed that in the subgroup of BPS > limit of detection (0.01 ng/ml), creatinine-adjusted BPS was significantly associated with increases in IL-10 (β = 0.22, 95% CI = 0.00, 0.45; p = 0.048). Our findings suggested that BPA and BPS exposure might be related to oxidative stress and immune imbalance in URSA patients. Overall, our work might suggest potential pathogenic and aetiological associations among the bisphenols, biomarkers and URSA, which offers hypotheses for further studies.

Topics: Abortion, Spontaneous; Adult; Benzhydryl Compounds; Biomarkers; Cross-Sectional Studies; Dinoprost; Environmental Pollutants; Female; Humans; Interleukin-10; Interleukin-1beta; Maternal Exposure; Oxidative Stress; Phenols; Pregnancy; Sulfones

Prostaglandins (PGs) have critical signaling functions in a variety of processes including the establishment and maintenance of pregnancy, and the initiation of labor. Most PGs are non-enzymatically degraded, however, the two PGs most prominently implicated in the termination of pregnancy, including the initiation of labor, prostaglandin E2 (PGE

Topics: Abortion, Spontaneous; Animals; Cyclooxygenase 1; Cyclooxygenase 2; Dinoprost; Dinoprostone; Embryo Implantation; Female; Fetus; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic; Genotype; Gestational Age; Hydroxyprostaglandin Dehydrogenases; Indomethacin; Maternal Death; Membrane Proteins; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Knockout; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Maintenance; Progesterone; RNA, Messenger

What is the role of the endocannabinoid system (eCS) on the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) effects on uterine explants from 7-day pregnant mice in a murine model of endotoxin-induced miscarriage?. We found evidence for cannabinoid receptor type2 (CB2) involvement in LPS-induced increased prostaglandin-F2α (PGF2α) synthesis and diminished cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) intracellular content in uterine explants from early pregnant mice.. Genital tract infections by Gram-negative bacteria are a common complication of human pregnancy that results in an increased risk of pregnancy loss. LPS, the main component of the Gram-negative bacterial wall, elicits a strong maternal inflammatory response that results in embryotoxicity and embryo resorption in a murine model endotoxin-induced early pregnancy loss. We have previously shown that the eCS mediates the embryotoxic effects of LPS, mainly via CB1 receptor activation.. An in vitro study of mice uterine explants was performed to investigate the eCS in mediating the effects of LPS on PGF2α production and cAMP intracellular content.. Eight to 12-week-old virgin female BALB/c or CD1 (wild-type [WT] or CB1-knockout [CB1-KO]) mice were paired with 8- to 12-week-old BALB/c or CD1 (WT or CB1-KO) males, respectively. On day 7 of pregnancy, BALB/c, CD1 WT or CD1 CB1-KO mice were euthanized, the uteri were excised, implantation sites were removed and the uterine tissues were separated from decidual and embryo tissues. Uterine explants were cultured and exposed for an appropriate amount of time to different pharmacological treatments. The tissues were then collected for cAMP assay and PGF2α content determination by radioimmunoassay.. In vitro treatment of uteri explants from 7-day pregnant BALB/c or CD1 (WT or CB1-KO) mice with LPS induced an increased production of PGF2α (P < 0.05) and a reduction of the tissue content of cAMP (P < 0.05). These effects were mediated by CB2 receptors since exposure to AM630 (a specific CB2 receptor antagonist) prevented these LPS-induced effects (P < 0.05). Collectively, our results suggest a role for the eCS mediating LPS-induced deleterious effects on reproductive tissues.. Since our experimental design involves in vitro experiments of uterine explants, the extrapolation of the results presented here to humans is limited.. Our findings provide evidence for the role of CB2 receptors in reproductive events as well as their participation as a mediator of LPS deleterious effects on reproductive tissues.. None.. Dr Ana María Franchi was funded by Agencia Nacional para la Promoción Científica y Tecnológica (PICT 2010/0813 and PICT 2013/0097) and by Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (PIP 2012/0061). Dr Carlos Davio was funded by Agencia Nacional para la Promoción Científica y Tecnológica (PICT 2013/2050). The authors have no competing interests.

Topics: Abortion, Spontaneous; Animals; Cannabinoid Receptor Agonists; Cyclic AMP; Dinoprost; Disease Models, Animal; Female; Gene Deletion; Gene Expression; Humans; Lipopolysaccharides; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Mice, Knockout; Organ Culture Techniques; Pregnancy; Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1; Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB2; Uterus

The objective was to determine the effects of bovine somatotropin (bST) and two artificial insemination (AI) protocols on reproductive performance of Holstein cows. Lactating cows (n = 840) were assigned at 37 d in milk (DIM) to one of four treatments in a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement. Treatments consisted of either bST (500 mg/14 d) starting at 63 +/- 3 DIM or no bST (control), with cows either submitted for timed AI following a synchronized ovulation (Ovsynch) protocol or assigned to receive AI based on estrus detection (ED). Two injections of PGF2, at 37 +/- 3 and 51 +/- 3 DIM were used to presynchronize estrous cycles. Cows then received an injection of GnRH at 63 +/- 3 DIM, followed 7.5 d later by PGF2. Cows assigned to ED treatments were inseminated after observed estrus during a 7-d period. Cows in Ovsynch treatments received a second GnRH injection 48 h after the last PGF2alpha and received timed AI 16 to 18 h later. Pregnancy was diagnosed by ultrasound at 31 d after AI and confirmed 14 d later. Frequency of anovulation (18.5%) at 63 DIM was similar across treatments, but proportions of anovulatory cows decreased quadratically as body condition at 70 DIM increased from 2.25 to 3.75. Estrus detection rate after PGF2alpha tended to be lower in multiparous cows receiving bST, and bST reduced returns to estrus in nonpregnant cows. Conception rates were higher in cows receiving AI after ED and bST improved conception rates to first AI in cyclic cows by reducing embryonic mortality. Pregnancy loss was similar for cows inseminated following ED or the Ovsynch protocol. There was a positive impact of bST on fertility of cyclic cows inseminated at fixed time or at detected estrus, but effective resynchronization protocols are needed to optimize reinsemination of non-pregnant bST-treated cows.

Topics: Abortion, Spontaneous; Animals; Body Composition; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; Cell Count; Dairying; Dinoprost; Estrus Detection; Estrus Synchronization; Female; Growth Hormone; Insemination, Artificial; Lactation; Mastitis, Bovine; Milk; Ovulation Induction; Postpartum Period; Pregnancy; Reproduction; Reproductive Techniques, Assisted

To study the possible role of the superoxide radical and its scavenging system in the decidua of early pregnancy, superoxide dismutase (SOD) values and concentrations of lipid peroxide and prostaglandin F(2alpha) (PGF(2alpha)) were analysed in the decidua obtained from normal pregnancy and failed pregnancy. Failed pregnancy was divided into two groups; spontaneous abortion with or without vaginal bleeding. In the spontaneous abortion with vaginal bleeding, total SOD activities, Cu,Zn-SOD activities and Cu,Zn-SOD mRNA values in the decidua were significantly lower, and concentrations of lipid peroxide and PGF(2alpha) were significantly higher, than those in the normal pregnancy and the spontaneous abortion without vaginal bleeding. In contrast, activities and mRNA values of Mn-SOD were significantly higher in the spontaneous abortion with vaginal bleeding than the other two groups. There was no significant difference in all of these parameters between the normal pregnancy and the spontaneous abortion without vaginal bleeding. In conclusion, the decrease in Cu,Zn-SOD expression and the increase in lipid peroxide in the decidua could be involved in the termination of spontaneous abortion, mediated through the increase in PGF(2alpha) synthesis. In other words, Cu,Zn-SOD may contribute to the maintenance of pregnancy by preventing the accumulation of superoxide radicals that cause PGF(2alpha) synthesis.

Topics: Abortion, Spontaneous; Adult; Decidua; Dinoprost; Female; Humans; Lipid Peroxides; Pregnancy; Superoxide Dismutase

The levels of progesterone and estrogen receptors, cAMP and prostaglandins E2 and F2 alpha were studied in the decidua of pregnant women, which was obtained during surgical, spontaneous or prostaglandin-induced abortion or by pregnancy termination with vacuum aspiration after RU-486 treatment (before the onset of abortion). Our data have allowed the authors to suggest that (i) for the maintenance of normal activity of decidua during pregnancy, the following points are considerably important: the constant ratio of progesterone and estrogen receptors in favor of progesterone receptors, low PG levels and high cAMP levels; (ii) both spontaneous and induced abortion are characterized by decreases in the levels of progesterone receptor (which in turn changes the ratio of progesterone and estrogen receptors in favor of the latter), by increased PG levels and decreasing cAMP concentrations.

Topics: Abortion, Induced; Abortion, Spontaneous; Cyclic AMP; Decidua; Dinoprost; Dinoprostone; Female; Humans; Mifepristone; Pregnancy; Receptors, Estrogen; Receptors, Progesterone

Onapristone (a progesterone receptor antagonist) administered to guinea-pigs on days 11-14 of pregnancy had no effect on uterine PGF2 alpha output and endometrial PGF2 alpha synthesizing capacity when measured on day 15. Peripheral plasma progesterone concentrations were still high on day 15, although the weight of the conceptuses was decreased by 50%. These findings indicate that the lack of increase in PGF2 alpha production by the uterus during early pregnancy is not due to an inhibitory action of progesterone on uterine PGF2 alpha synthesis and release. The output of PGF2 alpha from the guinea-pig uterus remained low during early pregnancy, showing that the uterus is not the source of increased PGF2 alpha secretion, as indicated previously by an increase in PGF2 alpha metabolite concentrations in the urine, after day 24 of pregnancy. Of the conceptual tissues examined, the fetal placenta had the highest PGF2 alpha synthesizing capacity, and it increased 2.3-fold between days 29 and 36 of pregnancy. The fetal placenta may therefore be the source of increased PGF2 alpha production during pregnancy. Onapristone administered to guinea-pigs on days 27 and 28 or on days 34 and 35 of pregnancy resulted in the guinea-pigs being in the early, middle or late stages of abortion when examined on days 29 or 36, respectively. Increased PG production, particularly of PGF2 alpha, by the uterus occurred in those guinea-pigs that were in the middle or late stages of abortion; uterine PG production in guinea-pigs that were in the early stages of abortion remained low.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Topics: 6-Ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha; Abortion, Spontaneous; Animals; Dinoprost; Dinoprostone; Endometrium; Female; Gonanes; Guinea Pigs; Pregnancy; Pregnancy, Animal; Progesterone; Receptors, Progesterone; Uterus

The inhibition of prostaglandin (PG) synthesis found in early human decidua is antagonized by the anti-progestin, ZK 98734. This action of ZK 98734 is abolished by actinomycin, an inhibitor of protein synthesis and by the calcium channel blocker, verapamil. Calmidazolium, an antagonist of the intracellular calcium binding protein calmodulin was less effective in inhibiting the stimulation of PG synthesis induced by the anti-progestin. Chronic stimulation of protein kinase C activity by 1-oleoyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycerol (OAG) induced a slight reduction of PG release and was antagonized by polymixin. These findings suggest that inhibition of PG synthesis in early pregnancy is caused by progesterone and that increased release of PGs induced by anti-progestins is dependent on new protein formation and requires extracellular calcium.

Topics: Abortion, Spontaneous; Calmodulin; Cells, Cultured; Dactinomycin; Decidua; Diglycerides; Dinoprost; Estrenes; Female; Humans; Imidazoles; Kinetics; Pregnancy; Progesterone; Progestins; Radioimmunoassay; Verapamil

The specific binding of prostaglandins (PG) F2 alpha and E2 was studied in a rat myometrial membrane-enriched fraction during the latter part of gestation and parturition, as well as in the postpartal period. Tritiated PGE2 and PGF2 alpha binding was specific, saturable, time dependent, and directly proportional to the amount of membrane protein. Scatchard analysis indicated the presence of high-affinity (Kd2) and low-affinity (Kd2) binding sites for both PGs. The affinity of both binding sites for PGF2 alpha and the apparent Kd2 for PGE2 remained essentially the same throughout gestation and post-partially and were similar to nonpregnant rats. The apparent Kd1 of PGE2, however, increased by 10-fold from day 21 of gestation to 1 day postpartum. Although the maximal binding capacity of the high-affinity (Bmax1) and low-affinity (Bmax2) binding sites of PGF2 alpha showed a nonsignificant increase compared with prepartum values, reaching maximal values 12-24 h postpartum, those of PGE2 showed a significant increase on the third day after delivery. The concentration of prostanoids in uterine venous plasma and amniotic fluid increased significantly with approaching parturition, whereas plasma progesterone decreased, raising the estradiol-progesterone ratio 25-fold. After unilateral fetectomy, the binding sites for PGF2 alpha and PGE2 increased significantly compared with the contralateral pregnant horns. Administration of the PG synthetase inhibitor, indomethacin, also increased two- to threefold both PGF2 alpha and PGE2 binding compared with the placebo group, whereas intrauterine administration of PGF2 alpha and PGE2 significantly reduced it.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Topics: Abortion, Spontaneous; Animals; Cell Membrane; Dinoprost; Dinoprostone; Female; Indomethacin; Kinetics; Labor, Obstetric; Myometrium; Postpartum Period; Pregnancy; Pregnancy, Animal; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Receptors, Prostaglandin; Reference Values

Calcium channel blockers have been advocated as potential therapeutic agents in the management of premature labor. In the present study, the class of intracellular calcium antagonistic methylenedioxyindenes (MDIs) was investigated for potential antiabortifacient activity in mice. Pretreatment of pregnant mice from day 15 of gestation with the MDIs did not afford protection against the abortifacient effect of prostaglandin F2alpha administered from day 17 of gestation. The MDIs demonstrated embryotoxic and fetotoxic activity as shown by a significant increase in the incidence of resorptions and stillbirths. Similar embryotoxicity was previously reported for the calcium channel blockers. It appears doubtful that any of the calcium antagonists so far examined will be clinically useful in the management of premature labor.. 2 intracellular calcium antagonists with weak membrane calcium channel blocking activity were tested for antiabortifacient and embryotoxic effects in mice. The compounds were 2-n-propyl-3-dimethylamino-5,6-methylenedioxyindene (pr-MDI) and cis-2-n-butyl-3-dimethylamino-5,6-methylenedioxindan (cis-H-bu-MDI). Charles River CD-1 mice treated intramuscularly with saline (controls), or Pgf2alpha twice daily to induce premature abortion starting on day 17 of gestation, with 15 or 25 mg/kg cis-H-bu-MDI. or 70 mg/kg/pr-MDI. the LD50 for cis-H-bu-MDI was 75 mg/kg (single intramuscular dose). The compounds had no effect on premature delivery. They significantly decreased numbers of live-born pups, however, counted as the difference between implantation sites and recovered live or stillborn pups. There were no malformations, maternal toxicity or detrimental effects of survival or term-born progeny. These calcium antagonists appear to be of no value in the management of premature labor.

Topics: Abortifacient Agents; Abortion, Spontaneous; Animals; Dinoprost; Female; Fetal Resorption; Indenes; Mice; Pregnancy; Prostaglandins F

To assess the possible effect upon the fetus of maternal ingestion of the prostaglandin synthetase inhibitor, mefenamic acid, taken during mid-pregnancy (15-22 weeks) to prevent spontaneous abortion, samples of fetal blood were collected at fetoscopy from 13 treated and 14 untreated control cases. Mefenamic acid levels in the fetus were 32-54% of those in the mothers in the treated group, while prostaglandins E2 (PGE2), 6-oxo-PGF1 alpha and PGFM were all slightly but not significantly lower in those patients given 500 mg mefenamic acid 40-180 min prior to sampling than in untreated controls. Results indicate that the prostaglandin synthetase inhibitor crosses the placenta at this early gestation and may possibly suppress fetal prostaglandin production.

Topics: 6-Ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha; Abortion, Spontaneous; Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors; Dinoprost; Dinoprostone; Female; Fetal Blood; Fetoscopy; Humans; Maternal-Fetal Exchange; Mefenamic Acid; Pregnancy; Prostaglandins E; Prostaglandins F; Time Factors

The degree of dyserythropoiesis was measured in liver smears and the following values were obtained: 1.6% in fetuses removed during the 1st trimester, 5.9% for those fetuses removed during the 2nd trimester by abortion; 13.5% and 10% in fetuses spontaneously expelled or by induced abortion, respectively; and 30.8% and 22.2% in those fetuses aborted already dead. The degree of hepatic dyserythropoiesis developed in utero increased hypoxia, while it decreased under oxygenized conditions. In babies who died during the neonatal period, significant dyserythropoiesis occurred. All resutls suggest that contractions of the uterus leading to abortion--probably due to uteroplacental hypoxia--cause dyserythropoiesis. Its degree refers to the intensity of the stress. (author's modified)

Topics: Abortion, Induced; Abortion, Spontaneous; Dinoprost; Erythropoiesis; Female; Fetal Diseases; Hematopoietic Stem Cells; Humans; Liver; Pregnancy; Prostaglandins F; Stress, Mechanical

DIPA [5,6-bis(dibenzyloxy)-1-oxo-2-propyl-2-indanpropionic acid] was evaluated for its antiabortifacient action in mice. PGF2 alpha administered intramuscularly twice daily at 525 micrograms/kg per dose starting on day-17 of gestation resulted in premature delivery (prior to day-19 of gestation) in 55% of the animals. This constituted an ED50 abortifacient dosage schedule of PGF2 alpha. Intramuscular administration of DIPA at a dose of 50 mg/kg twice daily, starting on day-15 of gestation, protected the mice against the premature delivery induced by the ED50 dosage schedule of PGF2 alpha in that only 20% of the animals delivered prematurely. In saline-treated controls, none of the animals delivered prior to day-19 of gestation. Thus, DIPA appears to be an effective antiabortifacient agent.

Topics: Abortion, Spontaneous; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Biometry; Body Weight; Dinoprost; Embryo Implantation; Embryo, Mammalian; Female; Fetal Death; Indans; Indenes; Male; Mice; Pregnancy; Pregnancy, Animal; Prostaglandins F; Sex Ratio

A comparison was made between three methods of local prostaglandin F2 alpha application for medicamentous induction of interruption in 375 primigravidae in the first trimester. They were extra-amniotic transcervical application, intracervical instillation of gel, and intracervical application, using a portio adaptor according to Fikentscher/Semm. Retrospective and prospective analyses were made of 125 unselected patients for each of the three methods, and the portio adaptor technique proved to be most effective of all with regard to non-invasive cervix dilatation. This method, when compared to others, was found to be best acceptable to patients and medical personnel alike, with no risk of subsequent ascending infection and with lowest prostaglandin consumption.. A comparison was made between 3 methods of local prostaglandin F2alpha (PGF2alpha) application for induction of pregnancy interruption in 375 primigravidae during the 1st trimester. These included extraamniotic transcervical application, intracervical instillation of gel, and intracervical application using a portio adapter according to Fikentscher/Semm. Retrospective and prospective analyses were made of 125 unselected patients for each of the 3 methods, and the portio adapter technique proved to be most effective of all with regard to noninvasive cervix dilatation. This method, when compared to others, was found to be most acceptable to patients and medical personnel alike with no risk of subsequent ascending infection and with the lowest PG consumption. (author's)

Topics: Abortion, Spontaneous; Adolescent; Adult; Cervix Uteri; Dilatation; Dinoprost; Female; Humans; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Trimester, First; Prostaglandins F

Topics: Abortion, Spontaneous; Decidua; Dinoprost; Dinoprostone; Female; Humans; Pregnancy; Prostaglandins; Prostaglandins E; Prostaglandins F; Radioimmunoassay

Serum progesterone, human chorionic gonadotropin, prostaglandin E2, F2 alpha and 13,14-dihydro-15-keto-PGF2 alpha and urinary immunoractive prostaglandins E2 and F2 alpha were measured throughout gestation in a woman who previously had experienced three abortions, an immature birth of a twin and a term single pregnancy. Prostaglandin-mediated symptoms such as uterine sensitivity and contractions, backache, spotting, vomiting and diarrhea were carefully registered and have been correlated with the variations in prostaglandin levels. The effect of therapy with a prostaglandin synthetase inhibitor and a beta-adrenergic drug on prostaglandin levels was also studied. The rise of prostaglandin E2 level observed during implantation is discussed.

Topics: Abortion, Spontaneous; Adult; Chorionic Gonadotropin; Corpus Luteum; Dinoprost; Embryo Implantation; Female; Humans; Lactation; Pregnancy; Progesterone; Prostaglandins; Prostaglandins E; Prostaglandins F